Briefly describe the course of Faust's spiritual exploration.

(Faust, Goethe) It took Goethe sixty years to write Faust.

Faust is a poetic drama with the length of1211line. The first film has twenty-five scenes and no curtain. The second part consists of five acts and twenty-seven scenes. There is no coherent plot in the whole play, but it is based on the development and change of Faust's thought.

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In the boundless heaven, God is calling his ministers, and immortal officials are standing around. Three immortals came out to celebrate the great achievements created by God with the vastness and endless changes of the universe.

Demon Mephistopheles came here as usual, without a word of praise, but commented that the world is a sea of suffering and will never change; People can only suffer all their lives, like insects and fish, and no pursuit can achieve anything.

God asked about Faust. Mephistopheles said he was desperate. Because he has no desire, he wants to take the bright moon in the sky and enjoy the earth underground. In the end, nothing can satisfy him. God firmly believes that human representatives like Faust will inevitably make mistakes in their pursuit, but under the guidance of reason and wisdom, they will eventually find a promising road. Mephisto fellers disagreed with God. He believed that he could lead Faust astray and make him fall, and he offered to bet with God for it. God agreed and gave him Faust.

Mephisto fellers excitedly descended from heaven to earth, bent on leading Faust to fall. In a medieval study, the room was dark and dreary, and Faust, who was over fifty, was restless and bored. He thought he would spend most of his life buried in old paper piles, isolated from the world, but in the end he achieved nothing, neither saving the people nor being clever at all. He is eager to join the universe and bear all the joys and sorrows of the world. However, his efforts failed several times, and when he was extremely disappointed, he thought of death. He excitedly poured out a glass of poisoned wine and held it to his lips, ready to drink it for the last time …

Suddenly, the church rang the Easter bell. This bell suddenly evoked Faust's childhood memories and longing for life, thus ending the idea of suicide. When spring comes, happy people flock outside the primary school. Faust also mingled with the crowd. People enjoy the beauty of spring. Faust was particularly excited, and everything in the countryside made him infinitely happy. The farmers toasted Faust and rewarded him for saving them in the plague. Faust gradually felt ashamed of the enthusiastic praise of the masses. He reflected on himself. Has he ever cured a patient? An alchemist is just a lie.

When the sun goes down, its moment will end. Faust hated that he didn't have soaring wings and flew to catch up with the sun. He feels that there are two kinds of thoughts fighting in his heart: one is stubbornly guarding the world and indulging in blurred love; The other wants to leave the mortal world violently and fly to the lofty realm.

Mephistopheles found that Faust's thought was contradictory, and immediately turned himself into a scholar and got to know Faust. He told Faust that he was a "negative spirit" and that "evil" was his essence; He wants to compete with the authority of nature and destroy everything, including human beings. Faust told him that he would rather die than live such a poor and idle life. However, you should die happily, or die in battle, be crowned with blood, or fall into a girl's arms after dancing wildly.

Mephistopheles took the opportunity to persuade him to pursue a happy career and move from a lonely life to a vast and lively world. And put forward to sign such a contract for him: Mephistopheles is willing to be a servant of Faust in this life, relieve his anxiety, have fun and get everything he needs; But when Faust expressed satisfaction, slavery was lifted, and Faust belonged to the devil and became his servant in the afterlife. Faust didn't believe in "afterlife" at all, so he agreed to the gamble without hesitation and concluded a contract.

On the ground, Mephistopheles turned his black coat into a floating cloud, carrying Faust and himself, and began to travel around the world. First, they came to an underground hotel in Leipzig. Mephistopheles wanted Faust to see this secular life full of "happiness". In the hotel, a group of college students are drinking, playing some boring tricks and singing some boring songs. Mephistopheles is an expert in practical jokes. He joined the camp of college students and sang a slippery flea song for everyone. After singing, everyone applauded. Then, Mephistopheles played another trick, drilling several holes on the edge of the table, and each hole was filled with the wine he wanted to drink, which made this group of college students laugh hysterically. Faust, who is over half a year old, is not interested in these low-level absurd tricks and pleasures and is eager to leave.

Mephistopheles took Faust to the witch's kitchen, intending to seduce him with his love life. The devil first showed him a big magic mirror, and a beautiful woman immediately appeared in the mirror, which attracted Faust's yearning and madness. In a short time, Mephistopheles urged Faust to drink the witch's medicine soup. Faust suddenly became young and full of love.

Young Faust was walking in the street. Maid Magan came home from church in tears and walked past him. Her beautiful appearance caught his attention at once. He stepped forward and offered to send her home arm in arm. His request was rejected, and the dignified Ma Jiang gave up her tears.

Faust was fascinated, and he longed for Mephistopheles to capture Megan's tears. If you don't obey, you will make a clean break with the devil. Mephisto fellers quickly agreed. In this way, with the help of Mephistopheles, Faust quickly won the love of pure civilian girl Magen with tears in her eyes. In order to enjoy the happiness of love at home, Margain tearfully accepted Faust's plan: sleeping with her mother with sleeping pills. Who knows that she used too much, but her mother never woke up and died. Ma Gan's tears accidentally killed her mother and she was heartbroken. She just prayed to the virgin Mary with grief and regret to save her from death and shame. However, the scandal has spread all over the town, and the original "Kao" is now despised everywhere.

Margain's brother, the soldier Warren Pavilion, came home one night, just as Faust came to meet Margain's tears again. Warren Pavilion had nowhere to vent his anger and immediately challenged Faust. With Mephistopheles's instigation and help, Faust drew his sword and killed Warren Bating.

My brother was unlucky again. Ma Gan's tears were oppressed by terror again and he finally fainted to the ground. At this time, Faust was at large and carefree, and went to the party of that dirty and lecherous bumpkin with Mephistopheles. After the party, Mephistopheles told Faust that Megan's tears were in prison. The news aroused Faust's pity. He angrily rebuked Mephistopheles for his treachery, and then insisted on saving Megan's tears, even if he risked his life.

They rushed to the prison overnight, and Ma Gan was in tears. They brought Faust to her as an executioner and took her to the execution ground. Seeing this, Faust was deeply saddened and tearfully urged Margain to leave the prison. But she doesn't want to go. She knew that she had committed the crime of poisoning her mother and killing her brother. It's dawn, and death is coming. Despite Faust's persuasion, Margain never left the prison in tears. Mephisto fellers rushed in, desperate to drag away the sad Faust. ...

In the foothills of Apis, Faust lay on his side on the flowery grass, tired and sleepy, and countless elves sang and danced around him, sprinkling water on him. When Faust woke up, he felt relaxed and comfortable without any guilt. He feels that he has a firm determination to leap to new heights in his life.

Mephisto fellers introduced him to a golden palace, and the emperor was about to hold a fancy dress ball and have fun. However, the national treasury is empty and the financial difficulties are serious. The angry masses are resisting the blackmail of the officers and men. Faust actively offered suggestions for the king and suggested issuing paper money, which made the dynasty temporarily survive the financial crisis. At this time, the emperor was whimsical and wanted to see Helen, a beautiful woman in ancient Greece, and Paris, a beautiful man. Faust used the magic of Mephisto fellers to attract beautiful men and women.

Helen appeared, the men were fascinated, and Faust was even more ecstatic. Helen leaned down to kiss Paris, which caused Faust's great jealousy. She rushed forward and touched Paris with the magic key, which caused the explosion. Helen turned into smoke and dissipated. Wagner, a student of Faust, is conducting an experiment of "artificial man". Hundreds of elements have been refined, promoted and gradually increased, and a villain finally succeeded. The villain found Faust infatuated with Helen and volunteered to take him to ancient Greece to find Helen.

There, Faust touched the mistress of hell, and she brought Helen back to death. Helen and Faust fell in love at first sight and got married. They soon gave birth to a son, O 'Fuliang. Xiaoou loves to jump and fly, and instantly falls to the ground and dies. Helen was so sad that she kissed Faust and disappeared. She left a white dress, turned it into a cloud and flew away with Faust in her arms in the air.

Faust climbed to the top of the mountain, overlooking the boundless sea, and a huge plan came to mind: moving mountains and filling the sea to benefit mankind. At this time, there was a civil war in China. He went down the mountain to help the king, got a sealed beach, and immediately set out to build a paradise of equality and freedom here. But an old couple refused to move, so Mephistopheles sent people to destroy their homes and set fire to their huts, churches and forests. The two old people were scared to death. This incident caused Faust's sadness.

At this time, the sad witch took the opportunity to blow a mouthful of Yin Qi on him, making him blind. The devil summoned the necromancer to dig Faust's grave. Faust heard the sound of hoes and thought that a nation had responded to his call to move mountains and fill the sea. Suddenly, he felt that the sea would become fertile land, and a new life for people to live and work in peace and contentment was coming. He was filled with joy and couldn't help shouting, "You are so beautiful, please stay!" Fall to the ground and die with the sound.

Faust was finally satisfied. The devil was afraid that his soul would escape and began to recite the spell. But at this time, the goddess of light in the sky sent a group of angels, and the devil was fascinated by the beauty of angels and forgot his duty to leave the guard. The angel took the opportunity to steal Faust's soul and flew to heaven. They sang in the air, "Whoever strives for self-improvement will be saved eventually" and flew back to heaven. Cheers broke out in heaven, and the angels sang a song of victory, defeated the devil and gained Faust's soul.

Related comments

Faust's self-improvement and pursuit of truth have gone through five stages: study life, love life, political life, pursuit of classical beauty and achievement. These five stages all have realistic basis, which highly condensed the spiritual course from Renaissance to1the early years of the 9th century when the bourgeoisie in Germany and even Europe explored and strived for the first place. Here, Faust can be said to be a symbolic artistic image, and Goethe shaped him into the incarnation of the fate of all mankind. Of course, the so-called all mankind is actually an expansion of the typical image of an advanced intellectual during the rise of the bourgeoisie. It is no different from other bourgeois thinkers in the Enlightenment, and Goethe also regards this class as the representative of all mankind. Faust out of the dark's study entered the natural and broad real life, which embodied the anti-feudal spirit from the Renaissance, the Religious Reform to the "Frontline" movement, awakened bourgeois ideology, denied religious theology and criticized the dark reality. The love tragedies in Faust and Margain's Tears reflect and deny the selfish philosophy of pursuing narrow personal happiness and hedonism. The political failure shows the illusion of the political ideal of the enlightened monarch in the Enlightenment. The unfortunate ending of the combination with Helen declared the disillusionment of modern people's aesthetic education and humanitarian ideal of classical beauty. In the end, Faust found the true meaning of life in the grand cause of mobilizing the masses to transform nature and create a paradise on earth. From this, we can easily see the shadow of the "rational kingdom" repeatedly described by the enlighteners in the18th century, and also vaguely hear the voice of utopian socialists calling for the future in the19th century.

The image of Faust has a higher philosophical significance. This is mainly manifested in the famous "Faust puzzle" and the "Faust spirit" shown in the face of this dilemma. With profound dialectical consciousness, Goethe reveals the complex relationship and development process between two contradictory factors in Faust's personality, namely, the factors of "affirmation" and "goodness" and the factors of "negation" and "evil", and shows Faust's precious spirit of never being satisfied, constantly overcoming obstacles, surpassing himself and constantly striving for the highest existence with optimism. In fact, the mystery of Faust is a common problem of human beings. It is a dilemma between "spirit" and "flesh", natural desire and moral spiritual realm, personal happiness and social responsibility that everyone can't escape when pursuing the value and meaning of life. These binary opposites constitute a serious internal contradiction to Faust and everyone. In Faust, this contradiction runs through the protagonist's lifelong pursuit, which is embodied in the interweaving of Faust's inner conflict and his conflict with Mephistopheles.

In a sense, Faust's inner conflict is also the internalization of his conflict with Mephisto fellers, and his conflict with Mephisto fellers is also the externalization of his inner conflict. After becoming a master servant with Mephistopheles, the "father of all difficulties" and the embodiment of evil, Faust's future is in jeopardy, and he may degenerate into a slave of the devil at any time. However, constant pursuit, self-improvement, courage to practice and self-denial are the main personality characteristics of Faust, which saved him from sinking and realized the value and ideal of life. Here, evil has played a role in promoting "often doing good instead" from the opposite side. Goethe's dialectical view of the relationship between good and evil is not absolute opposition, but interdependence and mutual transformation, which reveals the profound truth that human beings overcome their own contradictions and make continuous progress in the struggle against evil. This is clearly reflected in God's exposition at the beginning of the poetic drama, that is, good people should work hard so as not to lose their way, and it is also reflected in the lyrics of "Those who strive for self-improvement can finally be saved" sung by angels at the end of the poetic drama.

Of course, this does not mean that Faust is an impeccable work. Ideologically, it tends to turn political revolution into spiritual exploration and social transformation into self-improvement, which embodies the inherent weakness and compromise of the bourgeoisie and its predatory nature as an exploiting class. From the artistic point of view, the content is complicated, there are many allusions and symbols, which makes the work obscure and difficult to solve. Especially in the second part, the image of Faust tends to be abstract and conceptual, which is difficult for ordinary readers to read and understand.

Faust is grand in conception, complex in content, huge in structure and changeable in style. It combines realism and Bowen's doctrine, and combines real description with imaginative imagination, contemporary life with ancient myths and legends. He is good at using the method of contradiction and contrast to arrange scenes and assign characters, sometimes humorous, sarcastic and praising, with various forms and mottled colors, and has reached a very high artistic realm.