Introduce the history of Guangzhou

Also known as Wanghailou, commonly known as five floors. Located in Longgang, Yuexiu Mountain (Yuexiu Park), Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, it is one of the city symbols of Guangzhou. Now it is a place to collect and display historical relics and historical materials about Guangzhou.

In the 13th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1380), Emperor Zhu Liangzu of Yongjia expanded Guangzhou City, merged the three cities of Song Dynasty (Zicheng, East and West) and expanded the northern city by more than 800 feet. The city wall spans Yuexiu Mountain, and there are five tall buildings on it, which is spectacular. The building has the meaning of "a mighty town on the sea", hence the name zhenhai tower.

In the history of Guangzhou, except zhenhai tower, no building can hold the position of "city landmark" for six centuries. The Thirteen Lines of Oil Paintings collected by Guangzhou Museum depicts the prosperity of the thirteen lines of merchant ships in Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. A red five-story building not far from the right rear of the Commercial Museum is eye-catching, which is zhenhai tower. There is also a foreign postcard in the collection with the theme of zhenhai tower in Qing Dynasty.

In fact, for a long time, zhenhai tower was a symbol of "Guangzhou" in the eyes of foreigners, and by extension, it was also a symbol of "China". Since the Ming Dynasty, foreign merchant ships across the ocean have crossed the Lion Ocean and passed through Humen in the north. You can see Lotus Pagoda, Pazhou Pagoda and Chigang Pagoda along the way. Approaching the outside of Guangzhou, I saw Zhenhai Tower towering over the Yuexiu Mountain, and I learned about Guangzhou.

For more than 600 years, zhenhai tower has become a battleground for military strategists because of its special geographical position. In the early Qing Dynasty, Shangkexi's soldiers arrived at the gates of Guangzhou, and 300 soldiers guarding the city stayed in zhenhai tower for more than ten days and nights, sleepless, and finally all ammunition and food were used up, and no one survived. Today, there are still many cannons beside zhenhai tower, which were the cannons of Guangzhou city defense in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

1883, at the time of the Sino-French War, Peng Yulin, the minister of the Ministry of War, was ordered to go to Guangdong as Du Shi's anti-French, with five floors as the headquarters of Lu Haijun. 1885, Peng Yulin wrote to the court, opposing the court's noise. However, the Qing government finally chose to compromise. Depressed, Peng Yulin turned his eyes to Guangzhou City and wrote a pair of Guangdong's most famous couplets: "There are Qian Qian Wanwan who was robbed of dangerous houses. Who will pick the bucket?" Five hundred years later, I am safe. Let me lean on the fence and see the sword, and cry for the hero! "

For this pair of couplets, some critics interpret the "Old Hou" in the couplets as Zhu Liangzu, who built zhenhai tower. Now people are deserted, which can prove the vicissitudes of history. "Let me lean on the fence to see the sword and cry for the hero!" Just like this, when Peng Yulin led troops to defend Guangdong because of the Sino-French war. He was a hawk and opposed to peace talks, but in the end he had to "cry as a hero." This couplet sings the story first, then writes the person. It is a beautiful couplet with magnificent artistic conception.

According to Mr. Chen Shuyuan, the author of "zhenhai tower Famous Couplets Talk about the Past", when he was young, he went to zhenhai tower with his father and saw the woodcarving couplets hanging on the third floor. The next paragraph is Zi (official title, Peng Zi), and the word "zhenhai tower" inscribed by the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi hangs on the fifth floor.

That is to say, this couplet hangs on the third floor, written by Peng Yulin himself. Peng's handwriting was later lost and replaced by calligraphers such as, Shen and Wu. Now this couplet is hanging on the fifth floor, written by two calligraphers in two fonts.

The Getty Center in the United States has a photo of the interior of Zhenhai Tower (above) taken at 1900, showing the two gods in Wenchang and the statue of Guandi on the top floor of Zhenhai Tower. The incense burner in front of the goddess is engraved with the word "Zhenhai Tower", which shows that the photo was undoubtedly taken in Zhenhai Tower. On the pillar on the right side of the photo, the words "Qi Hao, Han Xiao often hangs" on this couplet are clearly legible. On the bottom line, there is a clear word "Hengyang Peng Yulin wrote a book". Peng Yulin was born in Hengyang, Hunan, and Anqing, Anhui.

2. Nanhai Temple

Nanhai Temple is located in Miaotou Village, Guangzhou, north-south, covering an area of 30,000 square meters. It was an important place for foreign maritime traffic and trade in ancient Guangzhou, China. The temple was built in the Sui Dynasty with a history of 1400 years. Generations of sailors will come here to worship the sea god before anchoring and after returning home. It can be said that Nanhai Temple witnessed the thousand-year history of Guangzhou, an important port of the Maritime Silk Road.

When I came to Nanhai Temple, the incense was at its peak. It was not surprising that the temple was magnificent, simple and generous. What I didn't expect was "ghost watching Polo". On the east side of the temple, there is a clay sculpture of a foreigner wearing porcelain, raising his left hand to cover his eyebrows and looking at the distance. He is Xisikong, the envoy of ancient India. Why are there such "black-faced" foreign faces in temples in China?

There is an interesting legend about this "black face" idol!

According to the archaeologist Huang Miaozhang, this man is a foreigner named Daxi. During the period of Song Renzong in Qing Dynasty, Daxi came to China from India along the Maritime Silk Road with merchant ships. On the way back, the ship docked at the temple pier, and Daxisikong went ashore to worship the South China Sea God, planted the seeds of two Poirot trees, and then fell in love with the beautiful scenery in the temple, so that he missed the returning ship, and the people on board forgot him and set sail. He stood by the sea for a long time, looking at the distant road, and then stood by the sea.

It is believed that Daxi is a friendly messenger of the Maritime Silk Road and will be buried with a thick burial. Later, in order to thank Daxi for bringing Polo Tree, people erected a statue of him in Nanhai Temple as a memorial, and dressed him in China's clothes, making him a commonplace. Because its statue looks at the Polo tree he planted, there is a saying among the people that "ghosts look at Polo", and many people also call the Nanhai Temple the Polo Temple.

3. Tomb of King Wen of South Vietnam

Also known as the tomb of Nanyue King, it is the tomb of Zhao Qian (known as Zhao Hu in history), the second generation of Nanyue King in China during the Western Han Dynasty. Located in Hong Kong Mountain, Jiefang North Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, north of China World Hotel and west of Yuexiu Park.

Zhao Heng is the grandson of Zhao Tuo. Neither Sima Qian's Historical Records nor other historical materials of China recorded who Zhao Heng's biological father was. Yue Da Shi Yue Ji Quan Shu is called Zhao's son. [4] In the fourth year of Jianyuan (BC 137), Zhao Tuo, the first generation of South Vietnamese king, died. Since he died 100 years old, all his sons died, and his throne passed to his grandson Zhao Qian, who became the second generation king of South Vietnam.

Two years after Zhao Qian ascended the throne, in 135, the king of Fujian and Vietnam took the opportunity to wage war against the border towns of South Vietnam. Shortly after Zhao Heng succeeded to the throne, domestic people's hearts were still unstable. At this time, he had to write to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, explaining the fact that Fujian and Vietnam invaded South Vietnam and asking Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to handle the matter. Emperor Wu praised Zhao Qian's practice, saying that he was loyal to his vassal status and did not attack each other, and sent two generals, Wang Hui and Han Anguo, to crusade against Fujian and Vietnam. Before the Han army crossed Nanling, Yushan, the younger brother of the king of Min and Yue, rebelled, killed the king of Min and Yue and surrendered to the Han dynasty, so the Han army stopped its crusade.

Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Yushan as the new king of Fujian and Vietnam, and sent Chinese medicine practitioners to make an envoy to South Vietnam to inform Zhao Qian about the handling of Fujian and Vietnam. When Zhao Heng learned of this, he expressed his deep gratitude to Yanzhu and told Yanzhu that South Vietnam had just been invaded by Fujian and Vietnam. After the treatment, he went to the capital of the Han Dynasty to appear before the emperor. Later, Prince Zhao was sent back to the Han Dynasty to be guarded by Zhu Di, the prince of Yan.

After Yan Shu left, the ministers of South Vietnam used Zhao Tuo's teachings to remonstrate with Zhao Hengjin, and advised him not to go to the capital of Han Dynasty, so as not to be detained by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. If he could not come back to South Vietnam, it would be a situation of national subjugation. Therefore, in the next ten years of ruling South Vietnam, Zhao Heng never went to North Korea to visit Emperor Wu under the pretext of illness.

125 years ago, Zhao Heng was seriously ill, and his son Zhao asked Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to return to Nanyue. After Zhao Heng's death, Zhao succeeded to the throne.

Zhao Heng was in office for *** 12 years. He has been ill for a long time, and his temperament is weak, and he has not made any achievements. Although when Fujian and Vietnam invaded South Vietnam, he cleverly moved Emperor Wu out and let Emperor Wu deal with Fujian and Vietnam without hurting himself. However, this move also made Fujian and Vietnam, which had always been vassal states of South Vietnam in the Zhao Tuo era, break away from the vassal relationship with South Vietnam, and were directly controlled by the central government of the Han Dynasty, which actually isolated South Vietnam.

At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made an excuse and sent Yan Zhu to commend Zhao Qian for being loyal to his duties, inviting him to appear before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Beijing. Finally, he was forced to give his son Zhao to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty 10, which laid the groundwork for the internal chaos in South Vietnam in the future.

In historical records, the second king of South Vietnam, Wang Wen of South Vietnam, has always been called. 1983 after the excavation of Nanyue king's tomb, the imperial seal of Zhao Heng and the golden seal of Emperor Wenxing were found in the unearthed seal. Archaeologists confirmed that "Zhao Heng" should be. It is also possible that Ban Gu made mistakes in copying Hanshu, and later generations corrected the "typo" in Shiji according to Hanshu, so that they made mistakes again and again.

However, some scholars have raised objections to the clerical error theory. Scholars such as Yu Tianchi, Qin, Lan Riyong, Liang and Qin Cailuan. In their book The History of Ancient South Vietnam, it is considered impossible to record the name of the king of South Vietnam. In their view, Zhao Jiande's deeds recorded in Historical Records have the shortest reign time, so there is no chance to record the name of the king of South Vietnam. Moreover, during the reign of King Wen, there were frequent contacts with the Han Dynasty, and it was even more impossible to make a clerical error in his name.

They think he is the son of Zhao Tuo and his father (or the grandson of Zhao Tuo and his younger brother). Zhao Tuo made him a prince and died before he acceded to the throne. Zhao Hu took the seal used by Zhao Heng to the grave as a souvenir.

4. Chenjiaci

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, several Chen clan relatives in Guangdong proposed to build a provincial Chen ancestral hall in Guangzhou, and people from all over the country responded enthusiastically and generously donated money.

1892 Good news came from Beijing: a child named Chen was appointed as a flower scout. This is the icing on the cake for the ancestral temple under construction. The people were surprised and overjoyed: the effect of building a temple was so effective! So a larger fund-raising activity began.

1894, the magnificent and exquisite Chen Ancestral Hall was declared completed. This ancestral temple is the famous Chenjia Temple. Chen's son, Chen, is from Dongguan. He was also one of several supporters who built the Temple of Chen Jia.

Chen studied at the age of five and studied under Chen Li, a famous scholar of Guangdong history, at the age of six. He is a diligent teenager, and he is naturally clever. He could recite the Five Classics at the age of ten. One day, my father's two friends, Fang Wenbing (one of the four gentlemen in Dongguan Gonggong Temple) and Fang Yingxi, visited and drank at night. When they saw Tao Bo reading at night, they wrote a couplet called "Reading with a Light at Night" and asked Tao Bo to respond. Tao Bo replied, "The moon is very high when drinking at night." After listening, Fang Wenbing said to Xi, "This is a good husband". Fang Yingxi married the Chen family and betrothed his second daughter to Chen.

2 1 year-old, the top scholar in Chen Zhong, won the first place after having obtained the provincial examination at the age of 25. Teacher Chen Li even presented Chen with couplets, encouraging him that "the article is as high as Luo Fuding, and Cody will win the first prize". Unfortunately, this statement is not "a prophecy". In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, Chen Hui took the exam, ranking first in palace examination, that is, the champion. However, in the test paper, he wrote "Fu Xuan Division" as "Xuanwei Division", so he was squeezed out of the tenth place. Fortunately, Weng Tonghe, the top scholar in Xianfeng Dynasty and the head of the household department, argued for him and called him a scholar, so he changed to the third place and became the only literary detective in Dongguan history.

After that, 38-year-old Hua Tanchen passed the provincial entrance examination in Yunguilu, and served as a proofreader, editor-in-chief of Wuyingtang, editor-in-chief of National History Museum and first-class consultant of Constitution Compilation Museum. Although there are no high officials and rich people, for Chen, this person is not born to please, and he can also be called integrity. Even under the impact of the Sino-Japanese War and the Reform Movement of 1898, Chen Ye was unmoved.

Boxer Movement, Eight-Nation Alliance captured the capital, Guangxu and Cixi fled in a hurry. Chen is still unmoved by the times. As early as 1898, he personally witnessed the humiliation of Li Hongzhang's signing a special article on expanding the border between Hong Kong and Britain on behalf of China in 1999. After the two palaces returned to Beijing, Chen joined the South Study Room and was sent to study in Japan. After returning to China, he became a scholar in Jiangning. Chen attaches great importance to Chinese studies, and has traveled around, lobbying and persuading Chinese at home and abroad to use Chinese capital to run schools and revitalize China.

1906, Chen assisted Duan Fang, then governor of the two rivers, in establishing the first domestic school for overseas Chinese students in Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, with the aim of cultivating Chinese and Putonghua for overseas Chinese students, and named it after Chen-Jinan School, the predecessor of Jinan University in Guangzhou today. As an academic consultant, Chen also serves as a supervisor of Jinan School, and personally formulates the school's articles of association and budget. This can be seen from his deep roots in China education.

References:

Phoenix Net-Does the Minister of War of Qing Dynasty favor zhenhai tower?

People's Daily Online-Is there a "black-faced ghost" standing in China Temple?

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhao Wei

Baidu Encyclopedia-Nanyue Wenwang Tomb

Baidu encyclopedia-Chen