1944 what became the world financial center after the Bretton Woods conference?

On the eve of the end of World War II, the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference announced the establishment of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (predecessor of the World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund, and established an international monetary system centered on the US dollar, making the US dollar the main international reserve currency and settlement currency, and new york the world financial center.

1, The Great Depression in the 1930s dealt a heavy blow to the economies of western countries. However, what is more serious is the lack of cooperation between countries, "we can't help each other in the same boat", and the trade protection policy of beggar-thy-neighbor countries competing for devaluation and fighting separately led to the crisis of individual countries eventually spreading to the whole world, thus forming an important background of the Second World War. Therefore, seeking international cooperation and realizing the coordinated development of the world economy has gradually become the knowledge of major national governments after the outbreak of World War II. 1942 65438+ 10, 2 6 countries of the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and China issued the United Nations Joint Declaration in Washington, DC, expressing their support for the Atlantic Charter and their determination to defeat the fascist aggression of Germany, Italy and Japan. From 1943 to 1944, before the end of the war, American President Roosevelt began to brew international economic cooperation after the war. 1in the spring of 943, the United States invited United Nations representatives to the United States to hold a United Nations food conference to discuss the issue of increasing food production and distribution. In the winter of the same year, the United States held a United Nations national conference on relief and recovery to discuss the relief and improvement of people's lives in post-war disaster areas.

In international economic cooperation, monetary and financial issues are the most important for all countries. 1943 In April, in order to stabilize the currencies of various countries and promote international trade, the United States and Britain put forward the White Plan and the Keynesian Plan respectively. Subsequently, the US Treasury invited experts including China to the United States for in-depth consultation and discussion, and held a three-day expert meeting in Washington in June. Experts in various countries believe that international capital flows can be divided into short-term and long-term. Short-term capital flows are mainly used for international trade, while long-term capital flows are mainly used for international investment. In the future, the task of the International Monetary Fund should be to cope with the supply and demand of short-term funds, so as to achieve the stability of national currencies. Long-term financing should be carried out by another institution. Therefore, the US Treasury Department has drafted a draft on the establishment of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). 1944 In April, the United States officially announced the plan for establishing the International Monetary Fund drafted by experts from various countries. In June of the same year, the US Treasury invited representatives from various countries to hold a preparatory meeting in Atlantic City for nearly two weeks to discuss and sort out the funds and banks in the draft. On July 1, the Bretton Woods Conference was held in Washington Hill Hotel, Bretton Woods Town, New Hampshire, USA, and 44 countries sent delegations to participate.

3. Meetings held. During World War I and World War II, the global economic depression and fierce trade wars between countries prompted countries to strive to establish a relatively stable international economic order. During World War II, the United States and Britain established a close partnership and made serious preparations for international conferences. 1 944 From July/KLOC-0 to July 22, the Bretton Woods Conference was held, which adopted the proposal of the United States and reached an agreement with the International Monetary Fund. The participating countries agreed to establish an international monetary system to be managed by the newly established International Monetary Fund and its subsidiary, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.