Lu's character plot

The 13th hero in Water Margin is the first leader of the Bujun Army. Lu, formerly known as Lu Da, is a running county magistrate. Seeing Zheng Tu bullying Jin Cuilian's father and daughter, he killed Kansai Town with three punches. Under the pursuit of the imperial court, he fled to Wutai Mountain to become a monk and changed his name to Lu. Shen Zhi couldn't stand the rules of Buddhism. He got drunk at the gate and ruined his golden body. He was sent by his elders to the Suoguo Temple in Tokyo to guard the vegetable garden. Because he kicked the vegetable thief into the cesspool and pulled out the weeping willows, his reputation is far-reaching. Lu saved Lin Chong in the wild pig forest, Gao Qiu sent someone to arrest him, and Lu became an outlaw in Erlong Mountain. Later, he defected to Liangshan, Shui Bo, and became an infantry leader. Song Jiang attacked Fang La, and Lu knocked over Fang La with a stick. Later, he died in Liuhe Hall in Hangzhou.

Monk Lu is the most glorious hero in Water Margin.

Don't say "one of the most glorious heroes", but only "the most glorious hero", because from the next point of view, Shen Zhi is the only person who really has chivalrous spirit in the water margin world.

In other words, if the actions of the martial arts figures written by Jin Yong and Liang Yusheng are taken as the criterion, then Lu, one of the generals of Liangshan Baidan, is the only one who can be selected into the new school of martial arts novels.

In other words, Lu is the only person in 108 who really brings us light and warmth.

In the second time, Lu Shenzhi, more precisely, should be called Lu Da at that time. As soon as he appeared, he strode in. Only the word "striding" has shown the generosity and openness of this person's life. Sure enough, his figure appeared in the water margin world, from killing the town of Kansai to making a scene in the wild pig forest, and he exuded the spirit of selfless dedication: as soon as he heard the cries of the Kim father and daughter in the restaurant, he immediately said to He Shijin, "You two are here, wait for your family to kill that fellow, and you will come." After being persuaded by the two men, they generously supported the Kim family's father and daughter and returned to their residence that night. "I didn't eat dinner and fell asleep angrily." This nasty behavior of human quotations undoubtedly aroused rage in his generous mind (this indignation is rare even in other heroes, and it is more about his own pleasure and hatred). Finally, he left in anger. Until I went to Liangshan and went to Shaohua Mountain to meet Shi Jin and others, I once heard that Shi Jin was arrested and imprisoned by Ahua satrap. I immediately went to assassinate him alone, regardless of Song Wu's dissuasion, so that I was imprisoned. This is Lu. Nothing he intervened in was related to his personal interests, and he went generously. This is the real fire. No wonder Jin Shengtan is an upper-middle class figure:

"Writing Luda as a person makes people feel ashamed to live in the world and never contribute to others."

That's good. Another example is Mr. Le Hengjun, a scholar in Taiwan Province Province, who talked about Lu in the article "The Creation and Disillusionment of Water Margin". There is an emotional saying:

"Lu is the only person in 108 who really brings us light and warmth. From the moment he appeared, he unfortunately killed Zheng Tu, until he made a scene in the wild pig forest, and he exuded selfless dedication all the way. ..... His righteous anger is often stifled (such as the death of Zheng Tu, the burning of the crock temple). In his generous mind, we feel embarrassed (such as Li Zhongzhi's selling medicine to see him off) and ugly (such as robbery and bullying). Under his aboveboard conduct, we have a pure trust in human nature (for example, we can apologize to the real boss, for example, we can confront Jin Cuilian). This can't be refused, and jy can't do it), and most importantly, the only honor that Shuihu gives Liangshan heroes is the most full heart. Now, in order to wait for Jin Lao's father and daughter to leave safely, Lu wants to sit still for two hours; After beating up the bully Zhou Tong in Taohua Village, he advised Zhou Tong not to ruin Liu Taigong's retirement and the inheritance of incense, and "teach his old man to get lost"; In the crock temple, faced with a group of ragged and selfish old monks, although hungry, I heard that I had not eaten for three days, so I immediately left a pot of hot porridge and stopped eating. This is a sincere and subtle understanding of human suffering, and it is a sentence written with emotion in Water Margin. These trivial actions, like a warm breeze blowing through the burning pain of the suffering people, reflect a huge figure, like a thousand rays of light, let us see the kind wrinkles on his forehead. This kind of compassion to save the world was originally the original motive of creating Water Margin. Later, it was Song Jiangshi's "charity", and Lu's subtle move was even more touching. In fact, The Water Margin left the most precious pen to a person. Every time he strode, he had a fearless self-confidence, and the care of human nannies hung over us. ……"

Yes, whenever Lu strode in, there was a fearless confidence and the care of the human nanny enveloped us. This is really good. In another paragraph, what Mr. Le didn't explain was that although the Zen master was as vicious as hatred, he never cut off the cruelty of a person with jy's two axes, and there was no bloody killing of Song Wu Yuanyang Building 15 people. In his personal chivalrous journey, he has never seen his mord swing at the innocent and weak, which is also rare among Liangshan heroes. In a word, this is the only real hero with pure chivalry in the water margin world. If there is no Lu in the water margin world, it will be a big personality gap. But what I want to say next is that Lu's image has changed unexpectedly in the process of being accepted later. Later, a cultural Lu, a philosophical Lu, or, more accurately, a Zen fanatic Lu appeared in some people's minds.

Speaking of crazy Zen, this is a big topic, which can't be explained clearly in a few words. Here can only be roughly said: crazy Zen is developed from Nanzong Zen. Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism, advocated the theory of pointing directly at people's hearts and regarding nature as Buddha. He believes that the root of becoming a Buddha lies in one's own heart, that is, the heart is the Buddha, and the Buddha's nature lies in your heart and mine. Once you see nature and realize it, it becomes a Buddha. Why do you worship Buddha? Taking a step forward from this idea is naturally against all precepts and idolatry, and many Zen masters have become "shining models" in this regard:

For example, Wu Yuan, a Zen master, likes to preach the theory that "everything is fine, as long as there is Buddha's nature in his heart, eating pig's head and visiting brothels is not a big problem, or even a problem at all".

There is also a Brewmaster Zen master who has no other serious practice. He drinks all day, and when he is drunk, he sings a song: "... lying drunk in the shade of green watermelon sounds like. ..... 1626 is enough; 1929, I want to eat wine. ..... just have some wine and just lie on the street. After her death, she gave birth to a whirling baby, unwilling to live outside the pure land. Why? Pure land in the west, and no wine. " You see, how chic, I can't do without wine, and I won't go to the pure land of the West;

Another Zen master, Song Yueyuanxuan, said, "If you are careless about everything, you won't want to be lascivious. If you are blessed with lasciviousness, you won't be a thief. If you make mistakes, you won't be killed. If you go against the sky, you won't be stupid. If you are abandoned, you won't get drunk. It was unintentional. Without desire, there is no precept, and without precept, there is no desire. " As long as you "have no heart and no precepts", you can do anything, even evil things in the secular sense.

In short, no matter what rules and regulations, it is simply the so-called: "wine and meat pass through the intestines, but the Buddha stays in my heart." In fact, "Buddha is in the heart" is polite, and many Zen masters don't even want Buddha. Not only the Buddha, but also the Bodhisattva, Guanyin, Lohan, Buddhism and so on. A Zen master named Deshan Xuanjian set fire to the scriptures and sat on the top of the lonely peak and swore:

"Buddhism is old Sao Hu, Sakyamuni Lao Zi is dry shit, Manjusri Bodhisattva is a person who bears shit, and when he sleeps, he is an ordinary person, Bodhi Nirvana is a donkey, and extreme teaching is a book of ghosts and gods, wiping paper of sores and warts ..."

After this "feat", Zen master Deshan Xuanjian became famous, and since then, Zen masters have followed suit. Some Zen masters used Buddha statues to keep warm, some Zen masters said that they would kill the dog with a stick when they saw the Buddha, some called Manjusri Bodhisattva to sweep the bed and fold the quilt, and some simply declared that they would "kill the Buddha, kill the ancestors and kill the arhat". ……

Against any discipline, against any idolatry, willfulness, shocking. These are all crazy Zen. This kind of madness, all external constraints are gone, the mind has reached an unprecedented liberation, and life has reached an extreme freedom.

Knowing this, we can understand why some people are interested in reading Crazy Zen. In "Water Margin", Lu drinks and eats meat, kills and sets fires, without any constraints, and finally makes a positive result. This is just in line with the spirit of crazy Zen, especially the part where he made a scene in Wutai Mountain. In people's eyes, it has become a symbol of a vigorous and depressed life that longs for freedom and publicity.

In addition, some narratives in Water Margin do provide ideas related to crazy Zen. For example, in episode 57, there is a poem by Lu:

Wan Li has been looking for a strong man since Zen Forest was born.

Armed to the teeth, you were born with a murderous heart.

Deceive the Buddha, drink Guanyin, and quit the knife and mord.

Don't look at that Buddhist monk, wine and meat shaman Lu.

The ninetieth time, Sung River and Lu came to see Elder Zhizhen. When the elder met Lu, he said, "It is not easy to kill a disciple and set fire to it for several years." Lou was silent.

In 119, before the completion of the Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou, Lu wrote: "I have never done a good job in my life, but I only love killing people and setting fires. Abruptly open the golden rope and break the jade lock here. Hey! The letter from Qiantang River came, and today I know that I am me. "

The most interesting thing is the fifty-eighth time when Song Jiang and he met for the first time. They said, "All the righteous people in the Jianghu call me Teacher Qingde. Today, I am fortunate to know kindness. " "Virtue" and "goodness" are ridiculous to Lu who killed and set fire. This is understandable, because it is easy for Song Jiang to drop articles here. But judging from the above paragraphs, it is not unreasonable to say that the author deliberately ridiculed and teased here. Furthermore, it makes sense to read crazy Zen from it.

Thinkers in the middle and late Ming Dynasty are representatives of cultural celebrities who interpret the spirit of crazy Zen from Lu stories. Rong Yutang praised the Zen master in his comments on Water Margin, calling Lu "benevolent, wise, brave, holy, divine, bodhisattva, arhat and Buddha", and praised his waywardness: "This writing (referring to a big fight in Wutai Mountain) is clearly a picture of becoming a Buddha and creating ancestors. If you are a monk with your eyes closed and your hands folded, there is no reason to become a Buddha. Exterior is beautiful, without Buddha's nature. If Lu eats wine and hits people, he will do everything, and the Buddha's nature will be complete, so it will be a positive result. " In Wutai Mountain by Lu, Li Zhuowu has repeatedly endorsed the word "Buddha" wherever Lu writes about drinking, beating people, scolding monks, eating dog meat, discounting mountain pavilions, killing King Kong and vomiting. Even when he wrote that he went to the Buddhist temple barefoot, smoking a cigarette and scattering shit, he did not hesitate to award two "Buddhas" in this batch.

Another example is Baochai in A Dream of Red Mansions. She appreciated the "parasitic grass" quoted at the beginning of this paragraph and praised it as "wonderful". So what does this lady appreciate? It is definitely not the act of eating half a dog's leg, drinking more than a dozen bowls of wine, exposing a flower embroidery to fight, and beating a room full of monks and nuns almost to the ground. What's that? It is the kind of crazy Zen behind the above-mentioned wild behavior, which is not limited by any external objects. It is a free and flying life. Perhaps in Baochai's heart, this sober and dignified lady is also full of admiration and yearning for flying freedom in this life. Actually, it's not just Baochai. This madness and liberation behind the drunken Wutai Mountain, naked and reckless coming and going, is actually calling for the hearts of all mortals who are pitching with the world, an eternal dream and pursuit of life freedom. (Sun Jinyong, Lecturer in Humanities Department of university of international business and economics, Ph.D. in Chinese Department of Nankai University)

To some extent, Lu is the most heroic hero in Water Margin. From the righteous rescue of Jin Cuilian's father and daughter (the third time), to Taohua Village (the fifth time), to the crock temple (the sixth time), to the wild pig forest (the eighth time), in order to save history, to assassinate corrupt officials, he was arrested (the fifty-eighth time). Jin Shengtan called it broad, which can be described as mixed! Lu is a nosy person. As long as he sees any grievances, he can't help but step in, tickle and touch. If it is an ordinary person, the life and death of Kim's father and daughter is none of his business. Zhou Tong's forced marriage did not hinder him; Whether the monk in the crock temple has a meal or is bullied has nothing to do with him. Lin Chong praised the wall and Lu was a lifelong confidant. In order to save him, he was sent to Cangzhou all the way! How many people can have such a righteous act?

Lu is nosy and thoughtful, so he must feel at ease, that is, he feels that the object of his rescue is basically safe. Therefore, although Lu is an extensive person, he is also an extremely meticulous person. When he saved Kim's father and daughter, he didn't hit Zheng Tu first, but settled their father and daughter first and let them escape first, fearing that they wouldn't run far enough. "I was afraid that the bartender would come and intercept him and took a stool to sit in the store for two hours. After Gong Jin went far, he got up and came to Zhuangyuan Bridge. " For the third time, such a rude man, Lu, sat idle at the gate of the hotel for two hours, that is, four hours. It's really hard for him. What is here can be described as cautious. Meta-evaluation said: "People are thorough, but not impetuous." Li Zhuowu directly approved the word "Buddha"! Lu was able to sit patiently for four hours because of his inner sense of responsibility. He must let Kim's father and daughter leave Wei Zhou safely. He also knows that one is an old man and the other is a woman with little feet. They don't have good feet, so they sit for four hours at a time. But just the day before, as soon as he heard about the Kim family, he couldn't wait to beat Zheng Tu. After being persuaded to go home, he "fell asleep angrily without dinner" (the original words in the book). The next day, "it was twilight" (the original words in the book), he came early to make arrangements for the Kim family. There is a great contrast between the urgency in front of us and the patience at this time, which shows that it is rare to be eager for public interests and kindness.

Lu's carefulness has different manifestations in different situations. He saved Liu Taigong's daughter in Taohua Village and forced Zhou Tong not to marry her. Before playing Zhou Tong, he had a controversy in his mind. Afraid of scaring Liu Taigong, he didn't tell him to hit the boy. After fighting, people were saved. Thinking of being close to the Liu family, he patted his ass and left. Once Zhou Tong goes back on his word, Liu's family will really get more than one bargained for. Therefore, although he promised not to sexually harass the Liu family again, he was still worried and forced to wear a high hat for his army: "A gentleman must not break his word when doing things." (the fifth time) Zhou Tong had no choice but to fold an arrow to show his oath. He doesn't want to be a gentleman. At this time, he had to drive the duck off the shelf and be a gentleman. Once you become a gentleman, you can't be a husband. Li Zhuowu criticized the word "Buddha" again. When I saved Lin Chong, I also had a little humble opinion. When I saw someone looking for Dong Chao Xueba, I began to pay attention to whether there was anything unusual. After the Wild Pig Forest rescued Lin Chong, I simply escorted him to Cangzhou for fear that things would change on the way. I guess nothing will happen again, so I broke up. When we left, we also gave a mord to give the pine trees a discount. Don't forget to show off our strength to Dong Chao Xueba, lest they have bad intentions again. Shen Zhi took great pains here. Xue Ba is not so enough to deter Dong Chao, nor so enough to reassure himself. When Yuan finished reading it, he said, "You will learn the same skills. After you go, there is always a wayward monk who is afraid of bad intentions. " Li Zhuowu spoke highly of Arhat and Bodhisattva. The reason why Lao Li boasted so much about "death" is his own reason, because without Lu's profound chivalrous spirit, he could not have followed him through two thousand miles of ups and downs. If he wasn't completely chivalrous, he wouldn't be so careful with those two workers.

It seems a joke to say that Lu is a bodhisattva with great compassion, because this monk doesn't observe any precepts except "lewdness". You see him in Wutai Mountain, drinking and eating meat, not paying attention to hygiene, urinating everywhere, having no manners at all, and being drunk, he will hit you if anyone accidentally annoys him; When I came down from Wutai Mountain, I killed and set fire to it. How can I become a monk? But why does everyone like this unruly flower monk? The key lies in his dedication to public interests and justice. He didn't kill innocent people. He killed Zheng Tu, but he didn't really want to kill him. He doesn't have any rogue habits. The hotel at the foot of Wutai Mountain refused to sell him wine and meat, and he didn't make trouble. It's not all his fault that Wutai Mountain drinks and hits people. He only drank once and broke the post of the pavilion halfway up the mountain. He hit the monks in self-defense-that is, he hit them afterwards. If those monks ignore him and hit him when he is drunk, they probably won't. Only his master knows this best. Other monks are really stupid and bald.

For those who really understand Buddhism, the key to participating in meditation is to make a wish, make a big wish like a bodhisattva, and then work hard towards this goal. Bodhisattva's oath is: "All beings are exhausted before they can prove Bodhi; Hell is not empty, and I will never become a Buddha! " This is the true face of Buddhism. Obeying the precepts is naturally necessary, but it is not a dogma. Therefore, although Lu drinks and eats meat, he is an out-and-out monk. However, he is many times higher than those monks who only know how to keep precepts mechanically and are indifferent to things like inner peace. Buddhism is the law of birth, but it never breaks away from the law of the world. It acts as a member of WTO with the heart of birth. For me, wine is to be drunk and grievances to be taken care of. Meat is also to be eaten, but grievances are more important than meat. So, he will kill Zheng Tu, escape, drift from place to place without complaint; Just two thousand miles to send Lin Chong peace of mind; Will also kill those corrupt officials who are guilty and imprisoned without fear! To Kim's father and daughter, to Liu Taigong's father and daughter, to Lin Chong and to Qingzhou people, isn't Lu the Guanyin Bodhisattva who helps the poor? No wonder Li Zhuowu should be praised as a Buddha, a gentleman, a true man, a brave man, a benevolent man and a saint. Perhaps Mr. Zhuowu's reputation is not excessive. Jin Shengtan said it more emotionally. He said: "When I wrote about Lu Da, a stream of blood poured out, which made people feel ashamed to live in the world and never contributed to others."