Giulio Natta detailed data collection

GiulioNatta, an Italian chemist, has made great contributions to the research of polymerization catalysts, so he won the 1963 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Karl Ziegler, a German chemist.

Basic introduction Chinese name: GiulioNatta mbth: Giulio Natta occupation: Italian chemist's main achievements: introduction of Nobel Prize in chemistry, major research, chemical achievements, outstanding contributions, Nobel Prize, related friends, and introduction of Giulio Natta (Nata, Giulio1February 26, 903-1May 60, 979) Italian chemist. Born in Maurizio, Empire, died in May 1979. 1924 graduated from Milan Polytechnic University with a doctorate in engineering. He has served as a professor at universities in Milan, Turin, Padua and Rome. 1938 returned to his alma mater as a professor and director of industrial research institute, 1978 changed to a retired honorary professor. Natta has been engaged in synthetic chemistry for a long time, and he is one of the first people to study the structure of inorganic substances, organic substances, catalysts and polymers by using X-ray and electron diffraction techniques. 1938, he dehydrogenated 1- butene to butadiene, which further developed the earliest synthetic rubber method. His more important achievement is to study the adsorption phenomenon and kinetics of heterogeneous catalysts in catalytic decomposition. 1954 engaged in the research of regular polymerization (see directional polymerization), and successfully obtained isotactic polypropylene with good performance from cheap propylene, which can be used in plastics and fibers. Later, this method was successfully applied to general olefins and dienes. His earliest catalytic system for ethylene-propylene polymerization is called Ziegler-Natta catalyst, which can be used to manufacture various polymers and polymers with three-dimensional regular structures. Regular polymerization is a milestone in the development of polymer science, which marks the first time that humans can synthesize polymers from olefins, dienes and other monomers in the laboratory that only organisms can synthesize in the past. Nata and his assistant * * * published 1200 scientific papers, of which 540 were published in his own name. Obtained about 500 patents. He won the 1963 nobel prize in chemistry with k Ziegler for his research on the structure and synthesis of polymers in the field of plastics. Also won many gold medals and various honorary titles at home and abroad. Chemistry score1903 was born in imperia on February 26th. 1924 graduated from the department of chemical engineering of Milan Polytechnic University 1927, and obtained the lecturer qualification of Milan Polytechnic University. 1932- 1935 became a full professor in university of pavia and the director of the Institute of General Chemistry. 1936 full professor of physical chemistry at the university of Rome 1936- 1938 full professor and director of the institute of industrial chemistry at Turin polytechnic university 1938 full professor and director of the institute of industrial chemistry at Milan polytechnic university 1963 and Karl Ziegler won the nobel prize in chemistry for polymer research. The research of Ziegler-Natta catalyst 65438+ died on May 2nd, 0979. Giulio Natta's outstanding contribution is that, based on the important discovery made by German chemist K Ziegler in 1954 that ethylene was polymerized into polyethylene at low pressure, it was found that propylene was polymerized at high yield using titanium trichloride and aluminum alkyl as catalysts, resulting in a stereospecific polymer-polypropylene with a highly regular molecular structure, which has high strength and high melting point and produces stereoselectivity. From 65438 to 0957, Giulio Natta directly participated in the establishment of the world's first polypropylene production plant, and his discovery led to the emergence of a large number of synthetic resins and plastics. In addition, Giulio Natta successfully applied its catalysts to the stereospecific polymerization of 1- butene and 4- methyl-1- pentene respectively. Firstly, poly 1- butene and polymethylpentene with highly regular molecular structures were prepared. 1957, he initiated the polymerization of ethylene and propylene with vanadium halide and alkyl aluminum as catalysts, and prepared ethylene-propylene rubber with random structure. In Italy, the world's first small-scale ethylene-propylene rubber production device was built. The coordination catalytic polymerization and stereospecific polymerization initiated by Giulio Natta and Ziegler were applied to the polymerization of olefins, dienes and vinyl units, which opened up a new field of polymer science and technology and became a milestone in the history of development. They are called Ziegler-Natta catalysts and Ziegler-Natta polymerization. Therefore, they won the 1963 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Reasons for winning the Nobel Prize: research on polymers and research on Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Polymer research: Polypropylene (PP) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic. High impact resistance, strong mechanical properties, resistance to various organic solvents and acid and alkali corrosion. It is widely used in industry and is one of the common polymer materials. Australian coins are also made of polypropylene. Structure: The repeating unit of polypropylene consists of three carbon atoms. In which two carbon atoms are in the main chain and one carbon atom is in a chain shape. Properties: The structure of polypropylene is close to that of polyethylene, so many properties are similar to that of polyethylene. However, due to the existence of methyl side chains, polypropylene is more prone to oxidation. Classification: According to the position of branched chain atoms, polypropylene can be divided into atactic, isotactic and syndiotactic. Branching atoms of atactic polypropylene are randomly distributed on both sides of the main chain. Isotactic: The branched atoms of isotactic polypropylene are distributed on the same side of the main chain. Syndiotactic: that branch atoms of syndiotactic polypropylene are symmetrically distribute on both sides of the main chain at intervals. Commercial polypropylene is usually a mixture of more than 90% isotactic and a small amount of atactic. History: 1954, Giulianata Giulio Natta synthesized polypropylene. Subsequently, different polypropylene synthesis technologies were "invented" many times in different countries and regions. The development of polypropylene involves a large number of intellectual property lawsuits. Ziegler-Natta catalyst is an organometallic catalyst, also known as Z-N catalyst, which is used to synthesize unbranched polyolefins with high stereoregularity. The typical Ziegler-Natta catalyst is two-component: titanium tetrachloride-triethylaluminum [TiCl _ 4-Al (C2H5) _ 3] At first, olefin polymerization was free radical polymerization, which required high-pressure reaction conditions, and there were many chain transfer reactions in the reaction, resulting in branched products. For polypropylene, the problem is particularly serious, and it is impossible to synthesize polypropylene with high polymerization degree. This catalyst was synthesized by German chemist Karl Ziegler in 1950' s, and was used in the production of polyethylene, resulting in high-density polyethylene with few branches. Italian chemist Rio Nata used this catalyst in the production of polypropylene and found that polypropylene with high degree of polymerization and high regularity was obtained. From the production point of view, the appearance of Ziegler-Natta catalyst makes the production of many plastics no longer need high pressure, reduces the production cost and enables producers to control the structure and performance of products. From the point of view of scientific research, Ziegler-Natta catalyst promotes the study of polymerization mechanism. With the deepening of mechanism research, some organometallic catalyst systems with good product controllability have emerged, such as metallocene catalysts and Keminski catalysts. Based on these contributions, Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Related friend Karl Ziegler, Federal German organic chemist. 1898165438+1was born in Helsa on October 26th, and 1973 died in Milheim on August 2nd. 1920 received a doctorate in chemistry from Marburg University. 1927 Professor, University of Heidelberg. 1936 Dean, School of Chemistry, Halle-Salle University. From 65438 to 0943, he served as the director of the Coal Research Institute of the Royal William Society (later called Max Planck Society) until his death. Ziegler's research work in organometallic chemistry has always occupied a leading position in the world. In 1953, he successfully used aluminum organic compounds to catalyze ethylene polymerization at normal temperature and pressure to obtain polymers, thus putting forward the concept of directional polymerization (see Ziegler-Natta polymerization). Because of the high score of synthetic plastics and the research on its structure, it won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with G. Natta * *.