Which part of the butterfly's body is used to taste?

The structure of butterflies is similar to that of ordinary insects. The body wall of each segment is composed of chitin exoskeleton, and each segment is connected by retractable internode membrane, which is convenient for movement. The structure of butterfly is divided into three parts: chest and abdomen, and each part has a special structure to play different functions and adapt to different lives. The head is balloon-shaped, with feeding and sensory organs. Adult butterflies mainly feed on nectar, and some feed on dew secreted by aphids, rotten fruits, sap oozing from dead trees or carrion juice. Butterflies suck liquid food with a special siphon nose and mouth. Its nose and mouth is a long hollow tube. When not in use, it curls like a clockwork and hides under the head. When in use, it can quickly put its hand into the flower to see if there is nectar. The snout is composed of two concave external jaws, which are specially extended and embedded. The head can generate siphon pressure to help liquid food suck up from the hollow muzzle. Sucking sticky juice from time to time is easy to cause obstruction, so clean your mouth with saliva. Because butterflies don't chew food, their jaws have degenerated, and a pair of lower lips must be located on both sides of the siphon, covered with scales and sensory hairs to identify the appropriate food source. The antenna of the antenna butterfly is a typical rod, and the end is unfolded like a hammer. Each antenna consists of several links, the number of links and the size of the enlarged part vary from species to species, and the enlarged part at the end of the butterfly is hooked. Antenna is a sensory organ, responsible for balance and feeling. There is a special Johnston's orgam at its bottom, which is used for flying and positioning, and the olfactory receptors are all over the surface. The compound eye butterfly has two striking hemispherical compound eyes on its head. Compound eye consists of many small hexagonal eyes, each of which has a cornea and a photosensitive area, and is separated from other small eyes by pigment cells, which can form its own visual image. Therefore, the images around the butterfly are embedded in the small images felt by each small eye. Although butterflies can easily feel moving objects, their visual sensitivity and sharpness are lower than those of humans, and they can only feel several colors between certain wavelengths, so some butterflies often collect flowers of certain colors. Butterflies can also detect ultraviolet rays invisible to human eyes, so the flowers seen by butterflies are different in color from those seen by people. There are also some monocular eyes between the two compound eyes, which are very small and only responsible for some visual functions of adults. Chest-Foot Wings The chest of a butterfly has feet and wings, which is the main activity area of the butterfly. The chest is connected to the head through a flexible neck. There are three sections in the chest, and each section has a pair of feet that can walk and climb. Each foot consists of the base, thigh, tibia and tarsus. The base joint and leg joint are connected by a triangular joint, and the tarsal joint usually has five joints with a pair of claws at the end. The forelegs of Nymphalidae degenerate, short and contract to the body, and the body seems to have only four feet. Some butterflies have a movable thorn at the tibiofibular joint of their forefeet, and a row of brush-like hairs grow on the thorn, which can be used to clean tentacles. At the same time, butterflies also taste food with their front feet, so they have sensory organs in the tarsal joints of their front feet. There are a pair of pterygoid veins in the middle chest and the back chest, each wing contains an upper diaphragm and a lower diaphragm, and there is a hollow pterygoid vein between the two diaphragms for support. Its vein arrangement is quite exquisite, and the vein phase of each butterfly family is different, which is an important classification basis. Wing vein is named for its position on the wing. There are many small bones between the wings and the chest to form joints, which are used to control the flapping of the wings during flight and the folding during rest. In front of the butterfly's back wing, there is a wing thorn hooked on the belly of its front wing. When flying, the front and rear wings can vibrate at the same time to achieve maximum effect. The vibration of wings is related to the contraction of muscles, and the pectoral muscles with wings are particularly developed. The balance and positioning during flight are controlled by Heinz. Butterflies are typical daytime insects. Some species fly in bright light, while others prefer to fly in the shadows. The flying height varies from species to species, some fly only on the grass, and some fly very high. The color and pattern of wings are caused by scales on wings. Scales are arranged on the roof like tiles, shaped like rackets. There is a small handle embedded in the groove at the bottom of the wing. It is easy to damage this delicate joint when operating the butterfly, so the scales fall off and look like colored dust particles to the naked eye. Some colors of butterflies are caused by pigments contained in scales, and some are blue or bronze metallic luster caused by stripes on scales. The metallic luster of the pearlescent Huang Shang Papilio tail from Lan Yu is world-famous, which is the structural color caused by the special surface structure. Male butterflies also have fragrant scales scattered among scales, and there is a small gland at the base of the fragrant scales, which produces volatile pheromones and stimulates female butterflies when courting. This volatile pheromone comes from the stalk of the basal gland scale and is dispersed by the hair at the end of the scale. Generally, fragrant scales are distributed on the surface of wings, and some are concentrated into special signs. When courting, the male butterfly flies around the female butterfly, flapping its wings from time to time to give off a smell to stimulate the female butterfly. Although the smell of some butterflies is produced by wings, it is spread by brushes at the end of the abdomen. The brush is a small bag with a tuft of hair at the end, which is squeezed out by blood pressure when courting. After the fragrance is emitted, the brush handle retracts into the body to contact with the fragrance generator, and then extends out to emit the fragrance. There are 10 knots in the abdomen of abdominal butterfly, which are softer than the head and chest. Usually only 7-8 knots can be seen clearly, and the last knot is specially used as a mating device. The mating device of the male butterfly is a pair of hooks, which can catch the female butterfly during mating. Mastering the existence of the device is a simple and reliable method to distinguish between men and women. The last section of the female butterfly is characterized by embedding the ovipositor tube into the body, and another special opening leads to the sperm storage sac to receive the sperm of the male butterfly during mating. There is also a gland on the back of the abdomen of the female butterfly, which secretes pheromones to attract males of the same kind. When courting, the female butterfly often sticks out of her abdomen, exposing this gland. The pheromone of female butterflies can attract many male butterflies to mate at a long distance. If both male and female butterflies are stimulated by heterosexual pheromones, they will complete courtship and prepare for mating. When mating, the female butterfly is fixed, and the male butterfly grasps the tail of the female butterfly with its tail claws. The mating time varies from species to species, usually about one hour. The male butterfly transports sperm to the sperm storage sac in the female butterfly, and the sperm in the sperm storage sac is fertilized with mature eggs before it is produced in vitro. If mating is disturbed, the male and female butterflies will fly away together without interruption. Usually the female butterfly controls the flight and the male butterfly is towed away. Male butterflies can mate with female butterflies many times. Insects with internal structures (blood vessels, digestive system, Markov's canal nervous system, genitals, trachea) have no blood vessels, and their internal organs completely penetrate into the blood cavity of the body wall. Blood circulation is controlled by a long heart located in the back. The cardiac muscle contracts and expands regularly to transport blood from the end of the heart to the front, and then flows into the organs in the blood cavity. Blood in the blood enters the heart through the cardiac portal for circulation. The digestive system of butterflies has been specialized to adapt to the digestion of liquid food. Its mouth and nose base is open to the pharynx, and the pharynx is spherical and muscular, making it a perfect absorber. The contraction and expansion of pharyngeal wall muscles cause volume changes, which leads to the rise of liquid food from the nose and mouth by suction. When the pharyngeal volume expands, it will cause a local vacuum in the pharyngeal wall, and liquid food will flow into the pharyngeal wall from the nose and mouth. The body wall of the pharynx contracts again, sending food to the lower esophagus. There is a valve at the junction of the pharynx and the muzzle to prevent food from being squeezed back to the muzzle when the pharynx contracts. Food enters the bursa of fabricius from the esophagus for temporary storage, and then the real digestion occurs when it reaches the stomach. The indigestible food is discharged from the anus through the hindgut, and the digested food is absorbed by the blood and stored in the fat body in the form of fat. Fat body is usually a thin leaflike adipose tissue, which is located in the inner layer of insect epidermis or around digestive tract. The fat body of the female butterfly is more developed to supply the nutrients needed for ovarian development. Butterflies have no kidneys, but are excreted through the Martens' duct, which is a slender tube located at the junction of the midgut and the hindgut. Its basal end is fixed at the front end of the hindgut, opening in the hindgut, and the other end is closed and free from the blood cavity, which absorbs metabolic waste from body fluids through osmosis. The main nitrogen-containing excreta are uric acid that enters the posterior intestine through the Markov tube and excreta that is discharged from the anus. The nervous system consists of nerve cells and neurospheres. One of the nerve balls is located in the head, called the brain, and there is a nerve cord at the back of the brain, which is located below the digestive tract and leads to the end of the body. There are many swollen nerve balls along the nerve cord, usually two in the chest and four in the abdomen. Neurosphere has many small nerves all over the body. In addition, specialized visceral nerves are connected with the digestive system and reproductive system, and peripheral nerves are distributed on the body surface. The internal reproductive organs of butterflies include a pair of gonads and reproductive channels for transporting germ cells. Each ovary of a female butterfly has four small ovaries, and each small ovary has eggs at different stages of development. When laying eggs, the other seminal vesicle stores sperm to complete fertilization. The female butterfly also has a protective gland that secretes mucus and fixes the eggs in the spawning place when laying eggs. Male butterflies have a pair of testicles to produce sperm. Some butterflies have two testicles mixed together, and the other sperm storage room can store sperm before mating. The oxygen needed for lactation is carried by blood to run the whole body, and the oxygen needed for various organs in butterfly body is supplied by trachea system respectively. The trachea leads to the stomata on the exoskeleton. Butterflies have nine pairs of stomata. The end of the stomata is thin, and it goes deep into the tissue to exchange gas by diffusion. The breathing of butterflies with high activity is accelerated, and the gas exchange is bound to accelerate. However, the amount of oxygen that can be given by diffusion through the respiratory system is limited, and this butterfly is not a big limiting factor. The Color of Butterflies Butterflies are beautiful little animals. In addition to their elegant appearance, colorful patterns on the wings are the biggest characteristics of butterflies. These exquisite colors and patterns vary from species to species. However, no matter thousands or tens of thousands of butterflies of the same species, the colors and stripes are exactly the same. Why do they need to dress up so beautifully? One intention is to distinguish species, and the other is to seduce the opposite sex. In the butterfly world, the male body is usually small and beautiful, and the female body is usually large and less colorful or even gray. The source of beautiful colors on butterfly wings is completely different from other animals. It doesn't come from cells on its body, but from the color of scales. Scales are not cells, but so-called cell derivatives secreted and stretched by cells that make up the wing membrane. Usually the scales are flat and feathery, but they contract into needle stalks at the base and go deep into the wing membrane. Usually, the scales are lightly attached to the wing membrane and are easy to fall off. If we observe the wings of butterflies with a microscope, we will find that thousands of these scales are systematically and neatly arranged on the wing membrane, so that the whole wing presents a certain color according to the species. Some scales contain countless colored naked granular pigments. The color source of this scale is the same as the color of the substance we see every day. We call it chemical color or paint color. However, some kinds of butterfly wings will flash or change color due to the type and direction of light source, which is called physical color or structural color. This kind of ruler can't find color when observed under a microscope. The ruler itself is transparent, but its surface has a special physical structure, usually with many deep grooves running vertically, and these grooves are arranged more closely and periodically, so that it can undergo different refraction, interference and diffraction after receiving external light. Then reflect some light with special light frequency to produce brilliant metallic luster. Of course, this kind of wing will produce different shades and even different colors at any time because of the different types and directions of light. If the light passes through the back of the wing, its wing will become transparent and colorless because there is no light reflection.