Studying the homework assigned by the teacher in Kong Yiji.

Interviewee: Annuity-Manager Level 4 2-5 20:37

Kong Yiji

Academic goal

1. Learn the exquisite layout of this article and the description of social environment.

2. Know the image of Kong Yiji.

3. Analyze and criticize the decay of feudal imperial examination system and the coldness of morbid society.

first kind

Teaching focus

1. Novel common sense.

2. The description of social environment in Kong Yiji.

teaching process

1. Arrange preview (which can be done before class), and ask students to preview carefully according to the requirements of the textbook "Preview Tips", with emphasis on asking students to think about who Kong Yiji is and how the novel describes Kong Yiji's social environment.

2. Introduce a new (blackboard writing topic first).

(1) Ask the students first, which works of Lu Xun have you studied before? (Mainly novels, essays and essays) Which novel of Lu Xun do you like best? Why?

After the students answered, the teacher said: Lu Xun is a great writer, thinker and revolutionary. As a great writer, Lu Xun made many contributions. As far as literary creation is concerned, the greatest achievement and influence of Lu Xun's early creation is novels, while his later creation is mainly essays. Lu Xun wrote more than 30 novels in his life. He told his friends that Kong Yiji was his favorite. Ba Jin also said that Kong Yiji wrote well. A Japanese writer said that Kong Yiji was the most perfect artistic model. Anyone who has read Lu Xun's novels is deeply impressed by Kong Yiji, Ah Q and Sister Xianglin.

(2) Introduce the author's writing time, background and writing intention of Kong Yiji.

Kong Yiji was written in the winter of 19 18, first published in the fourth volume of New Youth in April of 19 19, and later included in the collection of novels "Scream". This is the second vernacular novel written by Lu Xun and another anti-feudal novel after Diary of a Madman. Kong Yiji was written on the eve of the May 4th Movement. At that time, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao took New Youth as their position, led the New Culture Movement, held high the banner of democracy and science, and lashed out at feudalism and Confucianism.

When this article was first published, there was a postscript at the end of the article, which read: "This clumsy novel was written last winter. At that time, the meaning was only to describe society or a kind of life, so please read it, and there was no other profound meaning. ……"

About "Luzhen" and "Xianheng Hotel";

(1) The "Luzhen" mentioned in this article has been mentioned in several places in the author's novel, and it is indeed a created place name; I think this place name contains a mixture of the author's father's hometown (Duchangfangkou, Shaoxing City) and his maternal hometown (Anqiaotou, Gaoxiong Town, Shaoxing). When we go to those two places nearby, we are sure to find many signs.

However, the "Xianheng Hotel" is a real store number, just at the entrance of Duchangfang, diagonally opposite the author's hometown. I've seen it many times, and it's probably still there. This small-scale time-honored brand is not easy to close down.

Sun Fuyuan's Two or Three Things of Lu Xun

② Although "Luzhen" means "hometown Shaoxing", "Kong Yiji" is not an exchange or a report about a true story. ..... Combined with other works of Lu Xun, such as The Storm and Blessing, the so-called "Luzhen" can be regarded as synonymous with semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. ..... It can be seen that "Luzhen" does not specifically refer to Shaoxing.

Xu's teaching of Lu Xun's works in Chinese class

Shanghai Education Society 196 1. 12.

On the prototype of Kong Yiji;

According to Lu Xun's own accusation, Kong Yiji, the protagonist in Kong Yiji, is also a real person. The man surnamed Meng often drinks in Xianheng Hotel. People call him "Master Meng", and his behavior is similar to that described in Kong Yiji.

Sun Fuyuan's Two or Three Things of Lu Xun

Read the text aloud

Let the students read the text aloud. You can have three students read in groups. The first read 1-3, the second read 4-9 and the third read 10- 13. Read the text aloud and ask for it.

4. Guide students to read the pronunciation correctly, pay attention to the shape and explain the meaning.

(1) Pay attention to the sounds and meanings of the following words:

Rich: rich. Chuo, read Chuo.

Spoon: say y m o, take things (mostly liquid) with spoons, spoons, etc.

Yi: read chàn, mixed, dope.

Wipe: say it's a stone, wipe.

Dip: read zhàn, dip in liquid, powder or paste, and take it out.

Fold: read shé, break.

(2) Look up the dictionary, write down the following words in bold, and pay attention to the strokes of these words.

Brushes and inkstones for meat dishes

Generally disdain to argue.

Xianheng Hotel is decadent.

Look up and regret

Expose the cover

Stroll in

5. Introduce text analysis by asking questions.

First, ask the following questions for students to think about and answer:

(1) When was this novel written?

(2) What kind of people and things are written in the novel?

(3) How many parts can the text be divided into? What are the first three paragraphs for?

Teacher's summary after students answer:

Kong Yiji was written on 19 19 before the May 4th Movement and published. The time reflected in the novel is the late Qing Dynasty. In the first paragraph of the novel, the author also explained clearly that "this was twenty years ago." . Of course, this is a novel, so don't understand it too rigidly.

The name of this novel is Kong Yiji, which is the name of the protagonist. The work describes Kong Yiji, a poor scholar at the lower level who didn't even get into the exam. He drinks too much to make a living. He is so poor that he almost wants to beg, and sometimes he can't help stealing. He often goes to Xianheng Hotel to drink. He is the only one who drinks standing and wears a robe. People in hotels often make fun of him. Later, he stole something from Ding Ju's house and broke his leg. Finally, I haven't seen him go to the hotel for a long time. He may be dead. Kong Yiji was a victim of the feudal imperial examination system.

This novel can be divided into two parts. The first part (1-3) and the second part (4- 13).

The first part of the novel explains the time and place of the story, and introduces the social environment of the characters' activities and the place where the story takes place-Xianheng Hotel in Luzhen. Its layout (layout format) is "different from other places: it is a big counter facing the street with hot water, which can warm wine at any time". Secondly, explain the time when the story happened-"it happened more than 20 years ago", that is, the late Qing Dynasty. This Xianheng Hotel can be said to be the epitome of the dark semi-feudal and semi-colonial villages and towns in China at that time. Further down, describe the customers of the hotel, all kinds of people in the store and their relationships. Let me introduce two kinds of people who come to the store to drink. One kind is the "short coat gang" standing outside the cabinet and drinking. Most of them are working poor laborers. The other is "customers in long gowns", "walking into the house next to the store, asking for wine and vegetables, sitting and drinking slowly." Most of them are pampered and laid-back owners. Here, the author makes a sharp contrast between "short" and "long", "inside" and "outside", "sitting at one stop" and "asking for wine and vegetables", vividly showing the different identities, status and opposition between the rich and the poor of the two drinkers. Then, write about the people in the shop: that person, "me" and the shopkeeper. The "I" in the novel is the waiter in the hotel. Through the change of my knowledge and status, and the introduction of different attitudes of shopkeepers to long-sleeved customers, short-sleeved customers and waiters, the complex relationship between people in this society is revealed. " The shopkeeper looked at lost face, and the customers had nothing to be humorous about, which made people look lively. ""It has infected a snobbish and indifferent social atmosphere and interpersonal relationship. This prepared for the protagonist's appearance, provided a typical living environment, and also laid the groundwork for the protagonist's unfortunate experience and tragic ending. In the last sentence of the first film, the protagonist Kong Yiji naturally said, "Only Kong Yiji can laugh when he gets to the store, so I remember." . This leads to Kong Yiji, and at the same time, highlighting "laughter" also causes suspense and makes people think deeply.

arrange work

1. Read the full text, focusing on paragraph 4- 13 of the text. Think about it: How many layers can this part of the text (paragraph 4- 13) be divided into? How to divide it? And talk about the general idea of each layer.

2. Think and answer questions after class 1, 2 and 3.

3. Copy the new words in the text carefully, paying special attention to mastering the sounds, shapes and meanings of some words put forward in lectures and exercises.

Second lesson

Teaching focus

Kong Yiji's character, misfortune and tragic ending.

teaching process

1. Review the teaching content of last class and check your homework.

(1) Check and correct the new words copied and mastered last class, especially those with dots.

(2) Check the familiarity with the text and ask students questions:

① What does paragraph 1-3 of the text mainly describe? What role does it play in the full text?

② Paragraph 4- 13 of the text can be divided into several levels, and the general idea of each level is briefly described.

2. Introduce a new lesson to guide students to analyze the second part of the text (paragraph 4- 13).

This part of the text can be divided into three layers: the first layer (paragraphs 4-9), the second layer (paragraphs 10- 1 1) and the third layer (paragraphs 12- 13).

The second part of the text is about Kong Yiji's tragic experience. This part is the beginning, development, climax and ending of the plot of the novel.

(1) Let the students read the first layer of the text, and let them think: What does this layer mainly write?

The first level (paragraphs 4-9) describes Kong Yiji's identity, status, experience, words and deeds, and personality, which is the beginning and development of the plot of the novel.

The first sentence of the fourth paragraph, "Kong Yiji is the only one who wears a gown while standing and drinking", begins to describe the protagonist Kong Yiji in detail. This sentence describes Kong Yiji's peculiar identity and reveals his social status, which is implicit and profound. "Drinking Standing" shows that Kong Yiji's economic situation and social status are similar to the "short coat gang" among drinkers mentioned at the beginning of the novel. But Kong Yiji wears a gown, implying that he is a "scholar". Although he is poor, he is unwilling to put down the shelf of "scholar". He was proud of his death, poisoned by feudal culture and education, and unwilling to associate with the "short coat gang". Therefore, he became the "only" person standing drinking and wearing a gown. This "uniqueness" marks his special social status and unique personality and identity. He wants to "go up" but doesn't want to "live down", which is the difference between the upper and lower levels of hotel customers.

The text then describes the portrait of Kong Yiji in detail. Gradually portray his personality characteristics. "Very high" means that he already has the conditions to make a living; "Pale face" and "There are often some scars between wrinkles" indicate that his living conditions are not good, and he is often tortured by life and humiliated by others; "Wrinkles" and "gray beard" point out that his living conditions are not good and he is old; His gown is "dirty and torn, as if it has not been mended or washed for more than ten years", which shows that he is poor and lazy. Talking to people, "always full of big talk, teaching people half understand", shows that he is bookish and ridiculous. People didn't know his name, so they nicknamed him Kong Yiji from the words "Kong Yiji" on the red paper. This is a strong irony and ridicule. Then when Kong Yiji arrived at the store, the drinkers exposed his shortcomings and made fun of him. At first, he didn't answer. When people repeatedly exposed his "scars" and teased him, the proud Kong Yiji had to get up and complain, "How can you defile people's innocence out of thin air?" "Stealing books is not stealing … stealing books!"! The result of his argument was "to make everyone laugh". Here, the author vividly shows the absurdity and sadness of Kong Yiji. He was the object of ridicule, and his arrival filled the inside and outside of the store with joyful air. However, isn't it ridiculous and sad that people take pleasure in Kong Yiji's scars, misfortunes and pains?

In this article, the author vividly depicts the image of a poor, pedantic and ridiculous lower-class intellectual through the above portrait description and shows it to readers.

The fifth paragraph describes people's dark comments on Kong Yiji and explains Kong Yiji's life and experience. This is a supplement to the previous plot. Kong Yiji didn't even get in as a scholar, so he couldn't make a living. He drank too much to do it. He is getting poorer and poorer, and he is going to beg, so "it is inevitable to do something to steal from time to time". But I don't owe the hotel money. This shows his honesty.

The sixth paragraph, followed by the fourth paragraph, helped the drinkers to laugh at Kong Yiji's topic, which advanced layer by layer and fluctuated. People first asked him, "Can you really read?" Kong Yiji "showed disdain". People went on to say, "Why can't you even get half a scholar?" At this time, Kong Yiji "immediately appear upset, some gray face". These vivid descriptions profoundly reveal Kong Yiji's inner activities: first, they show the arrogance of the scholar, but later they reflect his unspeakable pain.

The seventh paragraph further describes Kong Yiji's character and misfortune through comparison. Kong Yiji knew he couldn't talk to drinkers, so he "had to talk to children". Once, Kong Yiji asked the twelve-year-old hotel waiter "I": "Have you ever read a book?" "How to spell fennel for fennel?" Kong Yiji more say more happy, also show the appearance of "extremely happy". Later, when I saw that I was impatient and walked away with my mouth shut, Kong Yiji sighed again and looked sorry. This wonderful comparative description of "one old and one young, one cold and one hot" reflects Kong Yiji's low position in people's minds, shows the cruelty of society to the unfortunate, and also shows Kong Yiji's loneliness and kindness.

In the eighth paragraph, Kong Yiji surrounded the neighbor's children with fennel beans several times, and wrote fennel characters together with the cultural and educational assistant "I", all of which showed Kong Yiji's kind character of loving children and lonely "bosom friend".

The ninth paragraph can be summarized in one sentence as follows: Kong Yiji only exists as the object of people's teasing, and other people's lives are boring, so they get some happiness by teasing Kong Yiji. However, without Kong Yiji, "others will live like this".

(2) Let students read the second layer of the text (paragraph 10- 1 1) and let them think about the general idea of this layer.

The second level (paragraph 10- 1 1) describes the unfortunate experience of Kong Yiji, which is the climax of the plot of the novel.

In the tenth paragraph, Kong Yiji, who still owes 19 yuan, was told by the shopkeeper that "he hasn't been here for a long time". From the conversation between the shopkeeper and the drinker, it shows that Kong Yiji was broken by Ding for stealing. This is an unfortunate development in Kong Yiji. From this description and dialogue, it not only reflects people's great indifference to this unfortunate incident, but also exposes the cruelty of Ding, the representative of the feudal ruling class. Ding, who climbed up in the imperial examination era, interrupted Kong Yiji's leg, who was too poor to be admitted as a scholar, and wanted to kill him. This fact itself is also a profound exposure of the evil of the imperial examination system.

In the eleventh paragraph, first write about the environment and climate, render a sad atmosphere, and then lead to the long-lost Kong Yiji. This passage describes Kong Yiji's appearance, which begins with "I" suddenly hearing the deep but familiar voice of "warming a bowl of wine". Kong Yiji at this time, "the face is black and thin, and it is no longer like; Wear a torn coat, cross your legs, put a cattail bag under it and hang it on your shoulder with a straw rope "; "He took out four pence from his broken pocket and put it in my hand. When he saw that his hand was covered with mud, it turned out that he had come with this hand. "From the description of these appearances and movements, we can see that the tragic situation of Kong Yiji has obviously changed and formed a strong contrast with the previous description of Kong Yiji. Kong Yiji, deeply poisoned by the feudal imperial examination system, was even physically destroyed. Even so, shopkeepers and drinkers did not forget to make fun of him. In the face of this ridicule, he didn't argue as he did before. He just said "Don't be ridiculous", and then whispered "Fall, fall, fall …", with a pleading face. Finally, Kong Yiji "sat with this hand and walked slowly" in the laughter of others.