How does FOM (Formula One Management) operate F 1 and other events? (The more detailed, the better)

F 1 is Formula One, representing the world's top car races.

F 1 is the English abbreviation of "FIA Formula One World Championship", which is literally translated into "Formula One Grand Prix" in Chinese. People may not quite understand this formula. The formula here means that the vehicles participating in the competition are made according to strict rules and standards, and it must follow strict rules and requirements in the competition.

F 1 Racing cars are manufactured and competed under a set of system rules formulated by FIA. And "1" indicates that the level of this series of events is level one. Because in addition to F 1, there are other different levels of Formula Racing, such as F3, F3000(F2), formula bmw, Renault Formula and so on. All belong to Formula One racing. They just have different rules and requirements. F 1 is the highest-level formula racing car developed by FIA, so it is named after F 1.

F 1 is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, namely-FIA, International Automobile Federation. He is the abbreviation of French: Federation International e de l 'Automobile, and the chairman of the association is max mosley. The FIA is mainly responsible for the formulation of competition rules. The operation of F 1 movement is completed by FOM Formula One Management Committee (Formula One Management); The CEO of FOA is bernie ecclestone, and its headquarters is in London, England.

FIA or FIA Mosley is the chairman.

FIA, International Automobile Federation, FIA for short; His full English name is Federation International de1'automobile. The organization was founded on June 20th, 1904/kloc-0, sponsored by France, Britain, Germany and other European countries, and headquartered in Switzerland. Its official languages are French and English, and its chairman is Mosley.

FIA is a non-profit organization, representing five continents 1 170 national automobile driving organizations. FIA*** is divided into two parts: the sports department and the travel car department.

Sports Department: It is responsible for managing all forms of automobile sports in the world, including the F/KLOC-0 competition which attracts more than 5 billion TV viewers every year, as well as the F3000 competition, the GT competition, the World Rally Championship, the go-kart race and so on. According to the applications of various countries, the FIA arranges nearly 800 car races in about 80 countries around the world every year.

F 1 English terminology

1, Grampy: transliterated as "Grampy", which is the most widely used name in Hong Kong and Taiwan; Now the widely accepted Chinese name is "Grand Prix". The first competition named "Grand Prix" was held in Le Mans, France on 1906.

2. Champion points: F 1 The points of the race are evaluated by the FIA according to the results of each race, which are divided into driver points and team points. The former is based on the ranking of drivers after each race: first place 10, second place 8, third place 6, fourth place 5, fifth place 4, sixth place 3, seventh place 2 and eighth place 1 minute. The team's points are added up by the points of its drivers.

3. Chassis: Chassis is the most basic structure of a racing car, including the floor structure, suspension system and other basic components. It is usually the source of racing car numbers.

4. Cockpit: F 1 driver's area, tailored according to the driver's figure. However, as a team, the third car can't take into account the figure of two drivers, so it is usually designed according to the figure of the first driver in the team.

6. builder: also called team. The manufacturer of Formula One racing car refers to the manufacturer of body chassis. At present, there are ten F 1 manufacturers, namely Ferrari, Williams, McLaren, Britain and America, Renault, Sauber, Jordan, Toyota and minardi. Usually, the name of the body chassis manufacturer comes before the engine manufacturer, for example, BAR-HONDA. In F 1, the glory of the team champion is awarded to the body chassis manufacturer.

7. Downward force: Its purpose is to make the racing car that is flying at high speed firmly press on the track and ensure that the racing car tires have sufficient adhesion. The downforce is realized by the unique design of the car body, front wing and tail wing and the interaction with high-speed airflow. It usually increases with the speed of the game.

8. Grid: The starting position of the final is determined according to the qualifying results. The specific arrangement is two zigzag rows, and the absolute distance between the front and rear cars is 8 meters.

9. Qualifying: refers to the race that determines the starting order of drivers' races before the final. Usually divided into two stages, namely the first stage and the second stage. In the first stage, the starting sequence starts from the driver's pre-competition points from high to low, and in the second stage, the starting sequence starts from the driver's performance in the first stage from poor to good. The result of the second stage determines the starting order of the competition.

10, pole position: also called starting; The driver who starts first is called winning pole position. He was the best driver in the second qualifying session of the race weekend.

1 1, hairpin: refers to 180 degree back bend.

12, Chicane: The Chinese literal translation of this English word means "fraud", but in the field of F 1, it refers to a continuous curve set on a straight road to reduce the speed.

13. paddock: located near the starting point of the grand prix track, it is a place for team management, rest areas and transport vehicles to park.

14, pit stop: the place where the team puts the racing cars, debugs the racing cars before the competition and completes the pit stop maintenance during the competition, which is the core of the team's weekend work.

15, grid: drivers' grid positions are arranged according to their results in qualifying, specifically in two rows.

16, Wind Tunnel: Wind Tunnel is used to develop aerodynamic packages for racing cars. Its purpose is to have the minimum air resistance under the condition of ensuring the car to get enough downforce, so as to improve the speed of the car and the stability of high-speed driving. Wind tunnel is extremely expensive because it requires huge energy and is equipped with sophisticated electronic instruments.

17, maintenance team: refers to all the engineering and technical personnel responsible for the work of the team in the maintenance area.

18, pit lane: the lane where the car enters the pit and returns from the track. The pit lane is the only place with strict speed limit on the track, with a speed limit of 80-120km/h. There are different rules according to different tracks. For example, due to the narrow Monaco circuit, the required speed of the pit lane is 60 kilometers per hour.

19, pit stop: refers to the process in which drivers stop to refuel and change tires during the race. The time and number of pit stops are important strategies for each team.

20. Race Number: the numerical code of the car driven by each driver, compiled by FIA according to the driver's ranking in the year before the race. The technical requirement of this number is that it must be clearly displayed on both sides of the nose and body, with a height of at least 25 mm. According to European custom, the number 13 will not be used.

2 1, safety car: Its function is to guide the car on the track to drive slowly when there is an accident during the race. Nowadays, safety cars are generally provided by Mercedes-Benz, and the drivers are experienced professional drivers.

F 1 flags are colorful, and each flag has its own mystery.

F 1 Racing is different from other sports events, one of which is to express and transmit signal information through flags of different colors during the competition. The following is a detailed explanation of the specific meanings expressed by flags of different colors:

1, yellow flag: There are dangerous situations on the track ahead, such as a collision or mechanical failure. Drivers must be especially careful and be prepared to slow down. If the vehicle has stopped at the roadside, or the obstacle is no longer on the track, the yellow flag is a flat lift. But if the accident happens on the track, or there is debris on the track, the yellow flag will be waved.

If the accident causes traffic jams, two yellow flags will be waved. Overtaking is not allowed under the yellow flag If the driver doesn't notice the yellow flag, it will be very dangerous to come to the scene of the accident at the speed of the race. Therefore, drivers who don't obey the rules will be severely punished and may even be disqualified.

2. Red and yellow striped flag: It means that the road ahead is slippery and there may be oil pollution on the road. When this sign appears, drivers must pass carefully.

3. White flag: It means that there is a slow train on the track ahead, which may be an ambulance, a crane or even a FIA safety car. When this sign appears, the driver must be careful and be prepared to slow down.

4. Red Flag: It means that the game or stage is withdrawn early, and this flag will appear throughout the stadium. When the driver sees the red flag, he must wait for the order to start or stop again.

5. Green flag: It means that the situation is lifted, and the driver can resume the race speed or overtake the opponent.

6. Blue flag: indicates that a faster vehicle is approaching from the rear, ready to overtake. If you see a blue flag waving, the driver in front must give way to the faster driver behind to pass. If you ignore the warning of the blue flag for three times, the driver who does not give way will be sentenced to stop 10 second.

7. Black flag: It means that the warned driver must return to the pit immediately after completing a lap. This flag will appear at the starting point and the end point with the car number, and the warned driver may be disqualified or punished for overtime.

8. Red flag with black background: It means that the warned driver's vehicle is always considered to have mechanical failure, which may cause danger and must be returned to the pit immediately after completing one lap. This sign will appear at the start and end together with the vehicle number. Unless the vehicle is repaired, the warned driver will not be allowed to return to the stadium.

9. Inspection Flag: The waved inspection flag indicates that the race or stage has ended, the driver must immediately return to the pit and enter the paddock, and the car will be inspected for compliance. This flag will be waved to the champion driver and fixed on other drivers who pass the finish line.

F 1 competition lights are complicated and have different colors.

The lighting command device of F 1 competition is set in front of the starting area, which not only has the function of announcing the starting, but also can transmit various information through the change of lighting. Details are as follows:

Racing ranking:

1. Four sets of red lights are on: 5 minutes before the tire preheating starts: the starting position is closed, and drivers who are still in the track or pit can only start from the pit, and the position will become vacant.

2. Three sets of red lights are on: 3 minutes before the start of warm beads: only technicians and officials can stay on the field.

3. Two sets of red lights are on: 65438+ 0 minutes before the tire preheating starts: the engine starts, and the technicians and tournament officials must retreat outside the departure area.

4. A set of red lights is on: 30 seconds before starting to heat the beads.

5. Five green lights are on: the beads begin to warm up. After the bead preheating is completed, each driver returns to his position and waits for the start.

Start: The red light is on from left to right.

1. A set of red lights is on: countdown is 5 seconds.

2. Two sets of red lights are on: the countdown is 4 seconds.

3. Three groups of red lights are on: the countdown is 3 seconds.

4. Four groups of red lights are on: the countdown is 2 seconds.

5. Five groups of red lights are on: countdown 1 sec.

6. Five groups of red lights go out at the same time: start, and the race officially begins.

Special circumstances:

Failed to qualify for the competition: it occurred before the vehicle entered the site for positioning.

1. The yellow light flashes until the new start time is determined, usually after 15 minutes.

2. Before determining the ranking time, the red light flashes twice 10 minute.

Boot Failure: Occurs before the boot is ready.

1. If there is an emergency that affects the startup, the yellow light flashes. If the red light starts to count down, it will freeze immediately and stop counting down, usually after 5 minutes.

F 1 helmet is high in technology, and everything is for safety.

As one of the most important safety facilities worn by F 1 drivers, the helmet keeps the closest contact with the audience, but it contains many little-known cutting-edge technologies. Here we will find the answer.

F 1 function of helmet

The main functions of F 1 helmet are as follows: 1. To protect the driver's safety, it is mainly to ensure the safety of the driver's head in the event of collision; Second, ensure the good aerodynamic effect of the car; Because F 1 racing car adopts open cockpit design, driver's helmet is an important part of F 1 racing car aerodynamics. Therefore, when designing helmets, technicians must ensure that they can achieve a number of safety indicators without destroying the aerodynamic effect of the whole racing car, that is, the primary starting point of helmet design is functionality, not simple aesthetics.

F 1 material composition of helmet

F 1 helmet is mainly composed of three materials: carbon, Cabra fiber and polyethylene. The use of these three materials has its specific purpose: the introduction of carbon is mainly to reinforce and ensure the high strength of the helmet; Cabra fiber is used for fire prevention; The purpose of using polyethylene is that the helmet will not deform even if the temperature changes in a wide range.

The functional structure of F 1 helmet (F 1 helmet according to its function * * *) is divided into seven parts:

1, goggles

Goggles refer to transparent lenses that can be rotated upward at the front of the helmet. According to the FIA's safety requirements, it must be able to withstand the impact of small particles flying at a speed of up to 500 km/h on the track. The inner surface of goggles is coated with special anti-fog material and light-transmitting color, which is used to prevent drivers from being misled by the change of light on the track and clearly distinguish the changes of the track. In the process of design, the engineer also minimized the optical deformation (the optical deformation of goggles means that the driver's line of sight will distort the shape of the object he sees when passing through it because the goggles themselves are a smooth spherical surface). In addition, there is an important facility on the goggles-the adhesive tape layer, which is used to tear off the outside of the lens and regain a clear line of sight when the line of sight is affected by dust or rain. It is this tape layer that we saw the driver tear off by hand during the race. One end of the tape is usually rolled up and has a round hole, which is convenient for drivers wearing thick gloves to tear off. In addition, this kind of tape usually has more than one layer, and the driver can tear it off several times to get a clear line of sight.

2. Shell

The shell is the largest part of the helmet and the strongest part of the helmet. Its strength index will directly affect the protection of driver safety. To this end, the shell must pass two tests: the first is strength, that is, it must be able to withstand the huge cone force of 1 metal cone weighing 3 kg falling from a height of 3 meters, and ensure that it will not be pierced. The second is the test of fire. The shell of the helmet must be able to bake in a flame of 800 degrees Celsius for 45 seconds.

3. Radio

Radio is the only communication tool for drivers on the track, and its role is to ensure that drivers and teams can communicate in time during the fierce competition. For example, when the cooling system of the racing engine fails, the team center that collects data from the sensor can inform the driver by radio what to do next after data analysis-whether to slow down and continue the race or enter the maintenance battle as soon as possible; Otherwise, the driver is likely to retire because of the engine explosion. The radio microphone on the F 1 helmet is installed at the driver's mouth, which is convenient for the driver to communicate and use. Its weight must not exceed 80 grams.

4. Fixing screws

The fixing screw is usually the rotating shaft of goggles, which is used to fix goggles. In design, the requirement of fixing screws is that goggles must be replaced as soon as possible. In addition, the height of the fixing screw protruding from the outer layer of the helmet shall not exceed 2mm.

5. Eye of the Wind

The through hole has two functions, one is to get enough oxygen for the driver to breathe, the other is to help the driver's head dissipate heat and ensure the comfort of the head. These through holes distributed in different parts of the helmet can transport air into the helmet at a speed of 5 liters per minute. And the inner layers of these through holes are also equipped with filters to prevent carbon particles, fuel or other foreign objects from flying into the helmet.

6, drinking water hose

As we all know, in a race, drivers will consume a lot of physical energy, the most direct performance is dehydration, so it is very important for drivers to absorb a small amount of water during the race to ensure their good physical fitness. This is especially true on the track in hot weather. For example, the annual temperature in Malaysia is often as high as 30 degrees, so drivers must wear thick fire-proof racing suits for safety, and the actual temperature outside their bodies will be as high as 40 degrees or 50 degrees. At this time, the role of drinking water system is even more important. The drinking hose of F 1 helmet is usually inserted from the front end of the helmet mouth, which is convenient for drivers to drink water during the competition.

7. Hans (head and neck support)

This system was forced to introduce safety rules only this year. Its principle is very simple, that is, stick a carbon bracket on the driver's shoulder and fix the upper end on the helmet; In this way, when the car is hit by the front, it will greatly reduce the possible damage to the driver's neck. This simple security system is not a completely new thing, but an old thing that has been used in American Indian games for many years, and it was further improved when F 1 was launched. When this system was first popularized at the beginning of this year, many drivers objected. Their reason is that they are too uncomfortable to compete. But deliberately max mosley (FIA President) insisted; This is not, can it still compete as before! Perhaps most drivers still don't like this thing, but for A Lang and Fei Erman, I'm afraid it's time to thank Mosley, because it is this system that ensures that the former will not be affected in this year's race, and it is this system that minimizes the latter's injury in the accident.

F 1 new development trend of helmet technology

Schuberth, an internationally renowned manufacturer of automobile sports helmets, has been in close technical cooperation with Ferrari and Williams, and now both teams are using its products. Especially at the beginning of this year, Schubert H specially provided Schumacher with a brand-new helmet named Schubert RK 1, which attracted great attention from the FIA. It has made great innovation in safety technology, and its performance is not much different from that of the helmet used by pilots. Of course, the price is not average (this technology has been reported in detail in the first issue of this newspaper 174, so I won't repeat it here. Now Schubers has developed a revolutionary helmet technology-HMD (Head Mounted Display) at Williams' request. Its functional concept is similar to HUD originally used in fighter planes. Its specific function is to display the most important information in the game on the goggles in front of the helmet according to the instructions, but it does not affect the line of sight at all. At present, the specific situation of this technology has not been announced. It is not difficult to imagine that once it is put into use, it will bring another revolution in helmet technology.

F 1 tire selection

Before each race, the tire supplier of F 1 must submit the technical drawings of all the race tires to be used to the FIA Technical Director; Then hand over the installed and tested tires to the team. The team received tires consisting of two or more formulations; They must make a choice during this period, that is, choose the best formula. This task needs to take some risks and must be completed before the first qualifying session on Friday. Generally speaking, each driver can use 10 sets of tires, and the corresponding specification is A or B. However, because the driver must choose to give up one set of tires with one specification and two sets of tires with another specification, the driver can only use 9 sets of tires with the same specification at most. There is also a rule that each driver can use up to 28 wet tires in a race weekend.

The following are the simulation options for the tire of specification A:

Schedule Friday Saturday Sunday

Competition Type Free Practice Qualifier Free Practice Warm-up Qualifier Final

Tire selection: 8 specification A tire +4 specification B tire 16 specification A tire+16 specification B tire 28 specification A tire +28 specification B tire 28 specification A tire +28 specification B tire 4 specification A tire for Saturday qualifying.

Remarks: Reasonable allocation of 12 tires selected by drivers; The number of tires of the same specification shall not exceed eight. The FIA randomly selected 65,438+06 tires from 28 tires, which was the only tire that the team could use in Friday's qualifying practice. Since 65,438+02 tires out of 40 tires were returned, drivers can use up to 28 tires: Specification A/B FIA selected 4 tires out of 65,438+06 tires. (The team can't change tires after qualifying) 24 A tires are used in the official race.

①: Tire manufacturers will recycle all tires used by F 1 racing cars and will not discard them casually; Because it contains many technical secrets.