History of Renqiu, Hebei Province

Historical evolution The unearthed cultural relics and site excavations in Renqiu prove that there were human settlements as early as the Yangshao Culture period more than 8,000 years ago. In ancient legends, there was Zhuanxu City in the era of the Five Emperors, and Guoyi was in the territory during the Spring and Autumn Period, which belonged to the Yan Kingdom. "Zuo Zhuan" records that on the first day of the first month of the tenth year of King Jing of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (535 BC), Qi Hui Gong commanded the army to attack Yan and stationed in Guo. On the Wuwu day of February, Qi and Yan concluded the "Rushui Alliance" . During the Warring States Period, there were Zhengyi and Liyi in the territory, and their jurisdictions varied and occupied. "Historical Records of the Zhao Family" records: In the fifth year of the reign of Zhao Huiwen (294 BC), Zhao cut off the suburbs and Yi to the Yan State. History books also record: In the eleventh year of King Qin's victory (236 BC), Zhao sent the famous general Pang Nuan to lead an army to attack Yan and capture Li Di (now Northeast of Qiu). According to historical records: From the 35th year of King Xian of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the fourth year of King Nan (334 to 311 BC), "The State of Yan built the Southern Great Wall to protect against Qin, Zhao, Qi and other countries. Most of the Great Wall of Yan was built on the Yishui embankment. The foundation was built. It started in the southwest of Yixian County, passed through Dingxing, Xushui, Anxin, the north of Zhengyi and then to the southeast of Wenwen'an, ending in the southwest of today's Dacheng County. According to this, the total length was about 300 kilometers south of Jiaoyi. It belongs to the State of Zhao, and the north belongs to the State of Yan, which is credible.

During the Western Han Dynasty, there were Jiao County and Aling County in the territory, and they belonged to three feudal states.

According to the "Historical Records? Table of Meritorious Officials of Emperor Gaozu" of the Alinghou Kingdom, Guo Ting was originally Lian Ao of Chu. Later, he came from Shan's father (now in Shandong) to join the Han people from Sailu and joined the subordinates of Lu Ze, the Marquis of Zhou Dynasty. During the "Return to the Three Qin Dynasty" campaign, he was promoted to the rank of Duwei. In July of the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (200 BC), he was granted the title of Marquis of Aling, where the Hou Kingdom was located. After his death in 24 years, his son Ou. In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (176 BC) of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, he was the Duke of Hui. After his death, his son was the Duke of Sheng in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (155 BC) of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty. After reigning for eight years, Guo Yanju was granted the title of Marquis of Alingjing in the third year of Emperor Jing's reign in the Han Dynasty (147 BC). In 129 BC, he reigned for 18 years. In the fifth year of Yuanding (109 BC), he was dismissed as a marquis because he owed tribute to the emperor. Fifty-one years later, Guo Ting's. The great-great-grandson Maoling Gong Guocheng was "famous for his virtuous reputation". In the fourth year of Yuankang (62 BC), the emperor of the Han Dynasty also "ordered to restore the family".

From 200 BC to BC. In 109 AD, the Aling Marquis Kingdom existed for 91 years. It went through five generations, including Qinghou Guo Ting, Huihou Guo Ou, Shenghou Guo Ke, Jinghou Guo Yanju, and finally Guo Ze, who was dismissed from the title. If you add Maoling Gong Guocheng, Aling becomes Aling. The Hou Kingdom of Gaoguo existed for more than a hundred years. According to the "Book of Han? Princes and Hou Biao", in April of the second year of Dijie of Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty (68 BC), Liu Jie, the son of King Xian of Hejian, lived. , was named Gaoguo Jiehou, and his capital was in the original Guoyi (now Shiliuli west of Qiucheng). After his death, his son Jiuchang Yu was the heir in the third year of Shenjue (57 BC). Xiaohou. Later, Liu Fei, the Marquis of Xiang, Liu Cheng, the Marquis of Ai, and Liu Ba, the Marquis of Ai, succeeded him. After the death of Aihou Liu Ba, his younger brother Liu Yizhong became Emperor Yuanyan of the Han Dynasty (12 BC). Year) was successively granted the title of Marquis of Marquis. At this point, the Marquis of Gaoguo was extinct, and the Five Marquises of the Fourth Dynasty were recorded in the Han Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Cheng's Yuanyan (12 BC), Liu Yizhong, the younger brother of Liu Ba, the Marquis of Gaoguo, was granted the title of Marquis of Marquis. However, his inheritance was unknown during the Xinben period (9-25 CE). , Aling was renamed Alu, and Gaoguo was renamed Guangdi. Therefore, the Marquis Kingdom should have existed for about 20 years.

In addition, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Renqiu City was established in the suburbs. The patrol sea envoy's residence. Xing Ziyi's "Three Counties" states: "In the second year of the Han Dynasty (AD 2), the patrol sea envoy Zhonglang Renqiu built this city to protect the seaport, so it was named after it." The book "Taiping Huanyu Ji" of the Song Dynasty also records that "the ancient city of Renqiu is located 26 miles south of Renqiu County". "Inspection envoy" is an official position, mainly located in strategic pass areas. It is responsible for guarding fortresses, prohibiting smuggling, and maintaining local security. "Most of them are military ministers." "Zhonglang Jiang" was a rank, and at that time "rank was as high as two thousand stones", which was equivalent to the treatment of a county guard. Zhonglang General Renqiu built a city here to guard Haikou, which shows the importance of its geographical location. Because during the Western Han Dynasty, there were many "private iron castings and salt boiling by the sea" in the Huanghua coastal area near the ancient Yellow River. This area was close to the coastal entrance and salt and iron smuggling was serious, so special officials were set up to check and ban it.

In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Aling was once again granted the title of Marquis.

The first person to be sealed was Ren Guang. "The Later Han Dynasty. "The Biography of Ren Guang" records: He was loyal and loyal when he was young and "beloved by the villagers". When he was young, he served as a rural miser and a county official. When the Han soldiers came to Wanshi, they saw his bright clothes and wanted to kill him and seize his clothes. Just as Guang Luxun and Liu Ci arrived, they saw that Ren Guang did not look like an ordinary person, so he rescued him. From then on, Ren Guang led his "party members" to follow Liu Ci and rose to the rank of general. In the early years of Gengshi (AD 23), Ren Xin was appointed governor of the capital. Soon Wang Lang's rebellion broke out, and many counties in Hebei surrendered. "Only Renguang refused to follow him." In the spring of the second year of Gengshi (AD 24), Liu Xiu returned to Hebei from Ji (today's Beijing) and was hunted down by Wang Lang's rebels. He was "in a panic and didn't know where he was going." I heard that Xindu Shou "rejected the prince for the Han alone", so he defected to Xindu. Ren Guang and others were worried about the difficulty of preserving the isolated city. When they learned of Liu Xiu's arrival, they opened the city gates to welcome people into the city, and "all the officials and the people said long live". Liu Xiu appointed Guang as the general, granted him the title of Marquis of Wucheng, and left Nanyang and Xinguang to guard Nanyang and Xinguang, and also served as the governor of Xindu. In the first year of Jianwu (AD 25), Liu Xiu ascended the throne as emperor in Luoyang and established the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ren Guang was granted the title of Marquis of Aling, with a population of 10,000 households and his administration in Lingcheng. In the fifth year of Jianwu (AD 30), Ren Guang was called to the court as Feng Chaoyi, and his son was appointed as Wei Sijue.

Ren Wei, courtesy name Zhonghe, was fond of Huang and Lao's studies when he was young. He was quiet and had few desires. His salary was often used to support the clan and adopt orphans and widows. During the reign of Emperor Xiaoming (AD 58-75), Ren Kai was successively granted the titles of Fengchaoyi, Yulin Zuojian, Huben Zhonglangjiang, and Changshui Xiaowei. After Emperor Xiaozhang Liu Ju came to the throne (76 AD), he was promoted to general. In the fifth year of Jianchu (AD 80), he was promoted to imperial servant. In the eighth year, he was promoted to Guangluxun. In the first year of Zhanghe (AD 87), he was promoted to Sikong. As an official, Ren Kai was upright and upright, not abusing power; he practiced righteousness internally and did not seek fame. Emperor Xiaohe died in the fourth year of Yongyuan (93 AD), and his son Tun Sijue. Later, he was promoted to captain of the infantry school in Tuntun and was granted the title of Marquis of Xiyang. Alinghou was succeeded by the son of Tun. After Ren Sheng's death, his son succeeded him. Later, he was granted the title of Marquis of Beixiang. The Marquis of Aling was abolished and merged into Jiaxian County. The Alinghou Kingdom of the Eastern Han Dynasty existed for about a hundred years, and passed down four generations, with five princes, namely: Ren Guang - Ren Wei - Ren Tun - Ren Sheng - Ren Shi.

In the second year of Yongyuan (AD 90) of Emperor He of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yin County was established and its governance was located in the capital of the original suburban lord state.

During the Jin and Jin Dynasties, Min County belonged to the Hejian Kingdom of Jizhou.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, in the third year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (527 AD), the seat of Muxian County was moved to Alingcheng. In the Northern Qi Dynasty (560-577 AD), Renqiu County was established, which together with Muxian County belonged to the Hejian County of Yingzhou. county.

In the first year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty (581 AD), “Renqiu City was flooded by floods in autumn. Most of the residents drowned.” In that year, Renqiu was abolished and merged into Zheng County. Later, in the 16th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign (AD 596), Renqiu was restored. However, it only lasted for eleven years. In the first year of Daye (AD 605), Renqiu was abolished again and merged into Gaoyang and Muxian counties respectively.

In the Tang Dynasty, the construction within the territory changed frequently. In the fourth year of Wude (AD 621), Puzhou (also known as Manzhou, governed in the old city of Gaoyang County today) was established and administered Dan County. In the fifth year (AD 622), part of Jiao County and Gaoyang were separated and reestablished as Renqiu County, which belonged to Yingzhou. In the first year of Zhenguan (AD 627), Puzhou was abolished and suburban counties were returned to the jurisdiction of Yingzhou. In the second year of Jingyun (AD 711), Zhengzhou was established and administered six counties including Jiao County, Renqiu, Wen'an, Qingyuan, Tangxing and Guiyi. In the 10th year of Kaiyuan (AD 722), parts of Wen'an and Renqiu were cut off and set up in Lifeng County (later changed to Changfeng and governed in today's Changfeng Town of Renqiu). In the 13th year (AD 725), due to the confusion between the two characters "Miao" and "Zheng", Miaozhou was changed to Mozhou, and Muxian County was also changed to Moxian. In the fourteenth year (AD 726), Mozhou established Tang Xingjun, which was under the control of Fanyang Jiedushi, and was renamed Wen'an County. The administrative office is still in Mozhou, with jurisdiction over six counties: Moxian, Wen'an, Renqiu, Qingyuan, Changfeng, and Tangxing (governed in the southeast of Anzhou in today's Anxin County). In the first year of Qianyuan (AD 758), Wen'an County was abandoned and Mozhou was restored, still belonging to Hebei Province.

During the Five Dynasties, in the first year of Tianfu of the Later Jin Dynasty (AD 963), Moxian, Renqiu and Changfeng counties were all surrendered to Khitan along with Mozhou. It was recovered in the sixth year of Xiande of the Later Zhou Dynasty (959 AD).

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Mozhou belonged to Hebei East Road and governed Renqiu, Moxian, Changfeng, Dacheng and other counties and parts of Gaoyang. In the sixth year of Xining (AD 1073), Moxian and Changfeng were abolished and replaced by Qiuxian. In the second year of Yuanhu (1087 AD), the Mozhou administrative office was moved to Renqiu.

In the second year of Jin Zhenku (AD 1214), the old city of Mo County was changed to Moting County. Together with Renqiu, he belongs to Mozhou, Hebei East Road.

In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1265 AD), Renqiu and Moting canceled the merger and merged into Hejian County, and soon restored the original organizational system.

During this period, the Mozhou administrative office was moved to Moting County. In the 22nd year of Zhizheng (AD 1362), there was a flood, and "Renqiu City was destroyed by the water."

In the seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1374), Mozhou was abolished, Moting was abolished and transferred to Renqiu County, which belonged to Hejian Prefecture. In this year, the county magistrate Yunxiao rebuilt Renqiu County.

The Qing Dynasty followed the Ming Dynasty system, and Renqiu was directly under the jurisdiction of Hejian Prefecture.

The period of the Republic of China. In February of the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the state government system was abolished and three-level administrative management was implemented: province, road, and county. Renqiu belonged to Bohai Road, directly under the jurisdiction of the province. (Changed to Jinhai Road in 1914). In June of the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), Zhili was renamed Hebei Province. In March of the 26th year (1937), Hebei Province was divided into 17 administrative inspection districts, and Renqiu belonged to the Sixth Supervision District of Hebei Province.

During the Anti-Japanese War, in February 1938, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Administrative Committee was established in the anti-Japanese base area under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, with jurisdiction over the four districts of northeastern Shanxi, southern Shanxi, western Hebei and Jizhong. 56 counties, Renqiu belongs to the ninth district of Jizhong. During the War of Liberation, it was changed to the eighth division of Jizhong.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Renqiu was under the jurisdiction of Cangxian County, Hebei Province.

In 1952, it was changed to Tianjin Prefecture. In November 1958, Wen'an and Dacheng counties were abolished and merged into Renqiu County, which was under the jurisdiction of Tianjin City, Hebei Province. In May 1961, it was divided into Wen'an County, the original Renqiu organizational system was restored, and it was transferred to the Cangzhou area. In May 1986, Renqiu County was abolished and replaced by Renqiu City (county level), which was managed by Cangzhou City. In March 2005, it was identified as one of the 22 first batch of counties (cities) to expand power by Hebei Province. It enjoys 11 aspects including direct reporting of plans (province, the same below), direct financial settlement, and direct land use approval. 62 management rights.