ZhuGeLiangChuan Translation of Three Kingdoms (especially the comments at the end of the biography)

Zhuge Liang Biography of the Three Kingdoms/Chen Shou

Translated by p>Andy Zhu

Zhuge Liang, whose name is Kong Ming, is from Yangdu County, Langxie County; The descendants of Zhuge Feng, a captain of the Emperor Si Li of the Han and Yuan Dynasties. His father was Zhuge Jue, whose word was Jun Gong, who served as the county magistrate of Taishan County at the end of the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father died when he was a child. Uncle Zhuge Xuan was recommended (signed) by Yuan Shu to be the prefect of Yuzhang, and Zhuge Xuan took Zhuge Liang and Liang's younger brother Zhuge Jun to take office. Just when Zhu Hao was re-elected in the Han Dynasty to replace Zhuge Xuan, Zhuge Xuanping often had friendship with Jingzhou prefect Liu Biao and went to take refuge in him. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang personally cultivated in the fields and usually liked to sing the tune of "Song of Liang Fu". Liang was eight feet tall and often compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi. At that time, no one believed it. Only Cui Zhouping of Boling and Xu Shu of Yingzhou had a good friendship with Zhuge Liang, and thought that he really had the talent of Guan Zhong and Le Yi.

At that time, Liu Bei was stationed in Xinye, and Xu Shu went to meet Liu Bei, and Liu Bei valued Xu Shu very much. Xu Shu said to Liu Bei, "Zhu Gekongming is like a recumbent dragon, general, would you like to see him?" Liu Bei said, "You?" Xu Shu said, "You can only get close to this man, but you can't force him to come to see you. General, you should go to see him." So Liu Bei went to see Zhuge Liang and went back and forth three times, and finally met him. (When meeting), Liu Bei pushed him away and discussed with Zhuge Liang, saying, "Now the Han Dynasty has fallen, the traitor has stolen his rights, and the son of heaven has suffered. My virtue is shallow." As a result, the villain is rampant until today. However, my ambition has not been dispelled. What strategies can I make? "Zhuge Liang replied:"

Since Dong Zhuo's insurrection, heroes and heroes in various places have risen at the same time, occupying countless people in several counties. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao is much less famous and has fewer people. However, Cao Cao was able to defeat Yuan Shao, and his position turned from weak to strong. This kind of situation, really can't compete with him. Sun Quan owns Jiangdong, which has been managed for three generations. The place is dangerous and the people obey, and the local talents and talents are all appointed by him. This kind of situation can make an alliance with him and can't beat his thoughts. According to the north of Jingzhou, there are Hanshui River and Mianshui River, which enjoy all the resources of the South China Sea. To the east, Wu and Hui counties can be connected, and to the west, Ba can be reached. This is a place where soldiers can be used, but the person in charge (Liu Biao) can't keep it well. This is probably used by God to help you, General. Are you interested in taking it down?

Yizhou is a rich and good place with dangerous terrain and fertile fields of thousands of miles. It is by virtue of this that Emperor Gaozu (Liu Bang) completed the career of the emperor. (Local secretariat) Liu Zhang was weak and unreasonable. The country is rich, but Liu Zhang doesn't know how to give a good pension to comfort the people. Local people with wisdom and talent (such as Zhang Song, Fazheng and others) really want to meet wise kings. General, you are a descendant of the royal family of the Han Dynasty, and you are famous all over the world for your faithfulness and righteousness, and you can widely accept heroes from all over the world, thinking of wise men as if they are thirsty for water. If you can have Jingzhou and Yizhou at the same time, you can keep this narrow place and go west and all the Rong. Once the situation in the world changes, order a general to lead Jingzhou's army to Luoyang (Central Plains) in Nanyang. General, you will lead the army from Qinchuan. Who in the world is not holding a bowl of rice and a pot of pulp to warmly welcome the general as your king's teacher?

If so, then your hegemony can be completed and the Han Dynasty can be revived. "

After listening to this, Liu Bei said,". So the relationship between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang is getting better and better, and getting closer day by day. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others are unhappy. Liu Bei comforted them and said, "I have Kong Ming, just like a fish has water. I hope you will stop complaining." Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped their dissatisfied words and deeds.

Liu Qi, Liu Biao's eldest son, also deeply valued Zhuge Liang. Liu Biao listened to his wife's rumors and loved him. I don't like Liu Qi Liu Qi. Every time he wants to discuss with Zhuge Liang how to protect himself, Zhuge Liang often prevaricates and perfunctory him, but doesn't give him a plan. (Once) Liu Qi invited Zhuge Liang to visit the back garden and climb the tall building together. While drinking and eating, Liu Qi asked someone to take away the ladder, and then said to Zhuge Liang, "Today (we are here), we can't go up to the sky and go down to the ground; Words come out of your mouth and come into my ears. You can say it, "Zhuge Liang replied." Don't you see that it's dangerous for Prince Shen Sheng to stay in the city, but it's safe for his son Zhong Er to escape from the city? "Liu Qi realized in his heart and secretly planned to escape from the city. Just after Huang Zu, the governor of Jiangxia, passed away, Liu Qi requested to be transferred out of the city, so he became the governor of Jiangxia.

Liu Biao passed away soon, and Liu Cong. He sent an ambassador to ask for surrender. When Liu Bei heard this in Fancheng, he led the army to the south. Zhuge Liang and Xu Shu followed Liu Bei, were defeated and chased by Cao Jun, and captured Xu Shu's mother. Xu Shu pointed to his heart and said goodbye to Liu Bei: "I originally wanted to seek hegemony with the general, and it was this heart that relied on. Now my old mother has been captured and my heart has been lost. It won't help your great career. I beg to say goodbye to you from now on. "So Xu Shu went to see Cao Cao. Liu Bei led an army to Xiakou. Zhuge Liang said," Now it's urgent. I ask Sun Quan to ask for help at your order. "At that time, Sun Quan was supporting the army in Chaisang, watching who succeeded and who failed. Zhuge Liang lobbied Sun Quan and said," There is a great chaos in the world. General, you arise and occupy the whole eastern part of the Yangtze River, and we Liu Bei also soothe. So he captured Jingzhou, and the momentum shook the whole world. In this case, even heroes can't display their abilities, so we Liu Beicai came here. General, you can calculate your own military strength to see how to treat Cao Cao. If you can fight against Cao Cao in the Central Plains with wuyue's army, you might as well break with him earlier. If you can't resist it, why don't you disarm and serve him in the north? Now, general, on the surface, you pretend to be obedient, but in fact, your inner plan is hesitant; Now the situation is urgent, but you don't make a quick decision, and catastrophe will come in a blink of an eye. "Sun Quan said," If it's really like what you said, then why don't you Liu Bei go to serve Cao Cao? "Zhuge Liang said," Because of Heng, he is just a strong man of Qi, and he will still commit suicide to defend his morality and not disgrace his own integrity. Besides, we Liu Bei, a descendant of the royal family of the Han Dynasty, is heroic. It's like running water returning to the sea. If things don't succeed, it's God's will. How can we Liu Bei yield to being Cao Cao's subordinate again? "Sun Quan said angrily," I can't take all the land of Soochow, and the army of 1, people is controlled by others. My plan has been decided. I have to Liu Bei, otherwise I can't resist Cao Cao. However, you Liu Beigang lost the battle. How can we resist Cao Cao, the great enemy? "Zhuge Liang said," Although Liu Bei's army was beaten in Nagasaka, the soldiers who are now returning and Guan Yu's water army have a total of 1, sharp soldiers. The soldiers who joined Jiangxia in Liu Qi are not less than 1,. Cao Cao's army, which went south from the far north, was very tired. I heard that he had walked more than 3 miles a day and night to catch up with Liu Bei. This is the so-called powerful arrow. Even the fine silk of Lu can't be penetrated. Therefore, the art of war especially forbids this situation, saying, "The general will be defeated". Besides, northerners are not used to fighting with water, and Jingzhou surrendered to Cao Cao's people, only because of the military situation, but not willingly. Now, General, if you can send a valiant soldier to command tens of thousands of troops and conspire with Liu Bei, you will surely defeat Cao Cao. If Cao Jun is defeated, you will definitely return to the north. Dongwu's power will be strong, and the situation that the world is divided into three groups will take shape. The key to success and failure is today. "Sun Quan was very happy, and immediately sent 3, water troops, including Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and Lu Su, to meet Liu Bei with Zhuge Liang and work together to resist Cao Cao. Cao Cao lost a battle in Chibi and led his army back to Jianye. Liu Bei therefore accepted Jiangnan, worshipped Zhuge Liang as a military commander, and made him take charge of Lingling. The taxes of these three counties were levied to expand the army's salary.

In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (AD 221), Yizhou stabbed Liu Zhang to send Fazheng to meet Liu Bei and teach him to attack Zhang Lu, the yellow turban insurrectionary thief. Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu were guarding Jingzhou, and Liu Bei turned back to attack Liu Zhang. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others led troops against the current to pacify the counties along the way and Liu Bei * *. Acting for the left general's office. When Liu Bei went outside, Zhuge Liang often guarded Chengdu, with ample food and numerous troops.

In the 26th year of Jian 'an (AD 221), many subordinates advised Liu Bei to be king, but Liu Bei refused. Zhuge Liang said, "Once upon a time, Wu Han, Geng Yan and others just advised Sai-jo to become emperor, and Sai-jo politely decline abdicated, three or four times. Geng Chun suggested. If you don't listen to everyone's advice, the scholar-officials will have to disperse and go back to seek another Lord, so they don't want to follow you any more. "sai-jo was deeply impressed by Geng Chun's words, so he agreed. Now Cao Shi usurped the throne of the Han Dynasty, and there is no monarch in the world. You are the descendant of Liu, and you have risen after the world. Now you are on the throne, which is what you should do. The scholar-officials follow the king for a long time and hard work, and the purpose is also. As Geng Chun said, "Liu Bei then acceded to the throne and proclaimed Zhuge Liang as Prime Minister, and wrote a letter saying,

" I was unlucky when I met my family, flattered my destiny and ascended to the position of the son of heaven, and I was afraid to relax a little. I was always worried about how to stabilize the people's lives, and I was always afraid that I would not be able to feel at ease! Prime Minister Zhuge Liang, you must understand my mind and don't slack off! You help me where I am lacking, help me publicize the eternal virtues of the Han Dynasty, and shine on the people all over the world! Prime Minister, you should work hard!

Zhuge Liang was in charge of Shang Shu's affairs with the title of Prime Minister, and he could take Fu Jie's overseer to guard and execute criminals. After Zhang Fei's death, he also took the post of a captain of the official department.

In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (AD 223), Liu Bei was seriously ill in Yong 'an Palace in Baidi City, so he called Zhuge Liang from Chengdu and entrusted him with the things behind him. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "Sir, your talents. If he fails, you can take his place yourself. "Zhuge Liang said with tears," I will do my best to assist him, offer loyal moral integrity, and persist until I die! "Liu Bei also wrote a letter to teach Liu Houzhu, saying," When you do things with the Prime Minister, treat him like your father!

In the first year of Jianxing (in 223 AD), the Empress Liu made Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang, and (he was specially allowed) he could set up a government office to manage big and small affairs. Soon, he also took the post of Yizhou secretariat. All political affairs, big and small, were decided by Zhuge Liang. At this time, several counties in the south rebelled at the same time; Zhuge Liang was not convenient to send troops to crusade immediately because he had just suffered Liu Bei's funeral. He temporarily sent messengers to Soochow, took the opportunity to make peace with Soochow, and married in-laws, so the two sides became allies. In the spring of Jianxing three years (AD 225), Zhuge Liang led an army to the south. The rebellion was completely put down in the autumn. The required military expenses came from these counties, so Shu became rich. Zhuge Liang trained the army. Waiting to send troops to the Northern Expedition. In the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), Zhuge Liang led the troops to the north, and the army was stationed in Hanzhong. Before he set out, he presented a letter called "A Model": so the army set out and was stationed in mian yang County.

In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Zhuge Liang sent a message saying that he would attack Tan from Xiegu Road. Zhuge Liang personally led troops from all walks of life to attack Qishan. The troops lined up neatly, and the rewards and punishments were serious and the orders were clear. Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding all betrayed Wei and responded to Zhuge Liang. Guanzhong was greatly shocked. Wei Mingdi moved westward to Chang 'an and ordered Zhang He to resist Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang sent Ma Su to lead the troops forward and fought with Zhang He in the street. Ma Su violated Zhuge Liang's binding regulations and acted improperly, and was defeated by Zhang He. Zhuge Liang captured thousands of western counties. He led the army back to Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su to thank the Three Armies. The last player said,

"With my weak ability, I secretly occupied a high position that I shouldn't have occupied, personally led the army to master the power of axe and shovel, and always trained the Three Armies strictly. However, because I couldn't publicize the military orders, taught the statutes clearly, and was cautious in the event, Ma Su was guilty of disobeying orders in the street pavilion and failing in the battle. And Jigu's lax vigilance. All the mistakes were made by my personal improper appointment of officials. My knowledge could not understand the quality of talents, and I was not smart enough to consider things. According to the book Spring and Autumn Annals, it was the commander in chief who was responsible for the defeat of the army, and my subordinate position was just responsible for it. I invited myself to be demoted to the third class to supervise my sins. "

Liu Houzhu then demoted Zhuge Liang as the right general and took charge of the prime minister. The general manager's post is the same as before. In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Zhuge Liang sent troops from Sanguan to besiege Chencang. Yeh Zhen came to resist him. Zhuge Liang moved his troops back because of running out of food. General Simona of Wei led cavalry to chase Zhuge Liang, who fought against him, defeated Wei Jun and killed Simona. In the seventh year of Jianxing (AD 229), Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu. Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, Wei, led an army to attack Chen Shi. Zhuge Liang left the army himself and arrived in Jianwei. Guo Huai returned, so he pacified Wudu and Yinping County. The empress Liu wrote a letter saying:

"The defeat of Jieting was all Ma Su's fault, but you blamed yourself and deeply degraded yourself. At that time, it was difficult for me to disobey your wishes, so I reluctantly listened to you. Guo Huai escaped from Wei. You surrendered to the clan and Qiang barbarians, and recovered two counties. The ferocity shook the cruel enemy, and your exploits became famous all over the world. Nowadays, the world is harassing Tang, and the first sin has not been beheaded. You bear the great responsibility of the country, but you belittle yourself for a long time. This is not the way to praise great achievements! Now restore your position as prime minister, so don't refuse!

In the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 231), Zhuge Liang sent troops to Qishan again, and used wooden cattle to transport rations. After the food was used up, he moved his troops back to fight with Zhang He, a Wei general, and Zhuge Liang shot Zhang He to death.

In the twelfth year of Jianxing (