The imperial seal of Qin Shihuang has been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years. What's the story of this priceless treasure?

The emperor's seal is a symbol of imperial power and supreme power, and it is also a voucher for giving orders. What is it called? Bao Xi? , in the treasures of emperors, Qin Shihuang? Pass a national decree? It is the symbol of imperial power and country after the reunification of China, the highest seal of our country, and the spiritual pillar to keep the country prosperous forever, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Whoever gets the seal wins the world. Because it was valued by the imperial powers of the past dynasties, it passed on the national purport? It has also been cloaked in mystery, and the diaspora story has been circulated for more than two thousand years.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, he ordered Prime Minister Lisi to make the most powerful, powerful and exquisite national treasure seal for him, so as to protect the country, enrich the people and strengthen the country. This seal was written by Prime Minister Reese. What is the seal? Ordered by heaven, both longevity Yongchang? . Pass it on to future generations, generation after generation Li Si invited Qin Dou Sun Shou, the most famous jade worker in Xianyang, to seal it. Everything is ready, so it's time to choose materials. They're looking for priceless treasures? He Shizhen? For the best printing materials and start seal cutting?

Speaking of. He Shizhen? There is another story. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a native of Chu, saw the phoenix perched on a bluestone in Jingshan (now Nanzhang County, Hubei Province). The ancients once said? Phoenix falls without treasure? . Bian He thinks this stone is where Baoyu hides? Hey? . He gave this rough jade to Li, the king of Chu, who thought it was just an ordinary stone. So Li, the king of Chu, was cheated by Bian He and his left foot was cut off. A few years later, Li, the king of Chu, died and acceded to the throne. Bian He presented a rough jade (probably an appraiser or a jade worker of Li, the king of Chu), but his right foot was still cut off on the charge of replacing jade with stone.

Chu Wuwang died, the king of Chu acceded to the throne, and Bian He cried for days and nights at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. King Chu Wen immediately ordered people to carve this rough jade, which turned out to be a very beautiful jade. Later, it was carefully carved into a jade, named after Bian He's persistence and loyalty? He Shizhen? . He Shibi was a treasure of Chu at that time, and later Zhao and Wei Yougong were destroyed by Zhaoyang. Chu Weiwang presented Chaoyang with the Caixi Award.

One day, Zhaoyang hosted 100 guests to visit Chishan. At the invitation of the guests, Zhaoyang took out the lottery and passed it on. It is said that there are fish in the pool a few meters deep below the mountain, and countless small fish are scrambling to jump out of the water to see the color. The scene is spectacular. Of course, it is obvious that this is a fabricated story, but after the guests left, Cui and Cui disappeared.

Zhao Huiwen, the queen of Zhao, got Yong Yu. When King Qin Xiang learned about it, he exchanged 15 cities for Harmony Jade. The prince of Zhao knew that the king of Qin was insincere, but he was afraid of the power of the king of Qin. In a dilemma, Lin Xiangru volunteered and was ordered to follow Cui to the State of Qin, and Lin Xiangru lived up to his mission. Safe return to Zhao? . Decades later, the State of Qin occupied Zhao, and Zhao finally fell into the hands of the State of Qin.

Choi hee is priceless. Li Si, the prime minister of Qin State, polished the wealth and changed it into the first emperor? Pass the national seal? . The best jade, the most beautiful seal script and the best seal engraver symbolize the state power? Pass a national decree? It was born.

In 2 19 BC, Qin Shihuang crossed the Xiangshan Mountain in Dongting by dragon boat, and the wind and waves suddenly broke out, and the dragon boat would tip over. Qin Shihuang is busy throwing the national seal into the lake to worship the waves in the town. Eight years later, it was recovered, and the truth was difficult to compile, which became an eternal mystery.

After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang entered Xianyang, and Zi Ying, the king of Qin who had been emperor for 46 days, handed over his official seal to the Han Dynasty. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, the official seal was handed down from generation to generation for more than 200 years. Han guochuan Xi? .

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power. Liu Ying, the late Han emperor, was only two years old. Wang Mang sent his brother Wang Shun to beg for it, and the Queen Mother cursed Wang Shun. When forced, the queen mother will pass the national seal? Where to vote? The seal of Sichuan is missing a corner, but it is hard to be perfect after careful gold setting. It is the most precious thing in the world, leaving a scar from now on. Some people joked that the official seal might be missing. Wang Mang got an incomplete official seal and his country didn't last long. In 23 AD, 10, after Wang Mang was killed, the official seal was introduced into the hands of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 170 years later, the official seal was changed to Eastern Han Dynasty 1 1 owner.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ten eunuchs often attended the insurrection, Yuan Shaoling led the troops into the palace, and Emperor Han Shaodi left the palace hastily at night and forgot to bring his official seal. After returning to the palace, the official seal disappeared.

Soon after, when Han offered a plan to the emperor? The 18th route warlord asked Dong Zhuo? Sun Jian, the prefect of Changsha, invaded Luoyang and found it radiant in Zhengong well in the south of the city. He fished out a maid-in-waiting in the well and found the national seal in his toolkit. It is four inches big, with five dragon buttons engraved on it, gold inlaid in the missing corner of the square, and seal script on the bottom? Ordered by heaven, both longevity Yongchang? .

Sun Jian got the official seal and hid it in his wife Wu. Sun Jian's life didn't last long. After his death in Yanshan, Yuan Shu seized the official seal from Sun Jian's wife Wu.

After Yuan Shu's death, Xu Ao, the prefect of Guangling, got the official seal from Yuan Shu, and learned that Emperor Han Xian was in Xuchang and Cao Cao's place, so he presented the official seal to Cao Cao. During the Three Kingdoms period, the official seal belonged to Wei, and after the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin, the official seal returned to Jin. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the five lakes and sixteen countries changed frequently, and the transmission of the national seal was like a hunted prey, and its owner changed. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and Sui all fell into the hands of Liu. Since then, the seal has been renamed? Bag? . In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the national seal was passed to the emperor19,200 years ago.

▲ Historical biographies and national decrees.

In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty and took possession of the precious seal. After the Tang Dynasty, Zhuang Ping decided the rebellion of Li (923-926), and the national seal was spread to the later Tang Dynasty, and it was spread to the whole country when the late Tang Emperor Li Congke. In 936, Shi Jingtang, a Shatuo man, colluded with the Khitans to attack the city, and the last emperor was determined to die. Jumped off Xuanwu Gate with official seal and set himself on fire. Since then, the official seal has disappeared again.

From the Qin Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty, * * * counted 1, more than 620 years. As a historical relic, it has been passed down by emperors and ministers for more than 1000 years, which is really rare in world history. Unfortunately, the official seal suddenly disappeared in the Five Dynasties, and it was only one week after the mutiny in Chen Qiao, Song Taizu that it was stamped by both sides in the following week, instead of the official seal.

Because feudal rulers of past dynasties strongly advocated the acquisition of the national seal? Destiny is back? 、? Good omen? 、? The real dragon emperor? Under the influence of China's feudal social thought, the way to obtain the throne was imperial clan succession, regime change and forced plunder. Therefore, the official seal is the most powerful tool to justify the imperial power and fool the ministers and the people. Chuan Guo Xi said himself? The real son of heaven? , is there? Pass the national seal? It makes people believe that the world belongs to the seal holders, and they can be emperors firmly. Therefore, the disappearance of the official seal will lead to the return of the official seal, which can be divided into true and false in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Pass the national seal? Fakes keep coming out, so take your time.

Song Zhe was born in Zong Shaosheng's third year (1096). While building an old house, Duan Yi of Liu Yin Village, Henan Township, Xianyang County found an ancient jade seal, which still glows slightly in the house. Duan Yi dare not careless. After reporting to the official, it was handed over to the emperor layer by layer. One day, Tang Zhezong took out this ancient jade seal to appreciate, and asked the famous painter and appraiser Li to identify it. After Li identified it, he thought its word was? Ordered by heaven, both longevity Yongchang? Xiao zhuan, isn't this? Pass the national seal? Really? This caused a sensation in the court and the world, and the whole country celebrated. Pass this ancient jade seal? Pass the national seal? According to legend, it has been 800 years since the Yuan Dynasty.

▲ Shi Zi Guo Chuan Yu Xi Wen

In the thirty-first year of Yuan Dynasty (1294), the imperial envoy Cheng heard that the late Old Master Q's family was in decline, and took out an ancient jade seal to exchange money for a living, so he asked an ancient Chinese character expert to supervise the imperial envoy's appraisal and confirm that this seal was? Ordered by heaven, both longevity Yongchang? It was concluded that this imperial seal was the official seal of the Qin Dynasty, so it was dedicated to Emperor Chengzong, and was displayed by ministers, which caused praise and congratulations from civil and military officials in the Qing Dynasty and caused a sensation throughout the country. Needless to say, the descendants of the old surname don't worry about food and clothing.

In June of the Ming Dynasty (1500), Mao Zhixue, a native of Andaoli, Huxian County, Shaanxi Province, took a bath in the river and touched an ancient seal, so he gave it to the government. Because the seal was very big, Mao Zhixue thought it was at least the seal of the governor, so he gave it to Xiong Xian, the governor of Shaanxi Province. Did he recognize it? Ordered by heaven, both longevity Yongchang? Eight seal characters, buttons are a dragon, 4 inches square, suspected? Pass the national seal? . He sent Yang Jing, the governor of Shaanxi Province, to play hongzhi emperor, and hongzhi emperor asked Fu Han, a minister of does, to appraise it. Fu Han thought that the national seal should be missing a corner, and this national seal is very complete, unlike the national seal, so he wrote an appraisal to calm a storm.

In the third year of Qianlong in Qing dynasty (1738), Gao Bin, the director of Jiangnan River, presented the imperial seal, which was dark in color and engraved with bird and insect prints. Ordered by heaven, both longevity Yongchang? . Emperor Qianlong was well informed. He knew it was a fake at first sight, so he took it into the palace as an ordinary antique to play with. Later, he found that the seal was made of ceramics, the so-called national seal, and now it is in the Palace Museum.

The spectrum of the jade seal says:? The national seal was carved by Qin Shihuang, and its jade came from Lantian Mountain (southeast of Xi 'an)? Written by prime minister Reese, he said: Ordered by heaven, living in Yongchang is also a record of passing the national decree out of Lantian.

For thousands of years, there have been different opinions about official seals. In history, there have been all kinds of human farce in which the official seal returns, forges and presents treasures. Maybe after historical changes, one day we can find the real official seal.