What does 1 18 city circle mean?

1+8 city circle (Wuhan city circle for short) refers to the city circle centered on Wuhan, including eight cities around Huangshi, Ezhou, Huanggang, Xiaogan, Xianning, Xiantao, Tianmen and Qianjiang. The construction of city circle involves many fields such as industry, transportation, education, finance and tourism.

What is a metropolitan area?

Metropolitan area is also called urban agglomeration.

What does it mean that Weifang belongs to Qingdao metropolitan area?

Cooperative development

What does 8 plus 1 city circle mean?

Wuhan 1 8 City Circle (referred to as Wuhan City Circle) refers to the city circle centered on Wuhan, including eight cities around Huangshi, Ezhou, Huanggang, Xiaogan, Xianning, Xiantao, Tianmen and Qianjiang. The construction of city circle involves many fields such as industry, transportation, education, finance and tourism.

What is the meaning of urban agglomeration?

Since World War II, the scale of world cities has expanded at an unprecedented speed, and new cities have emerged one after another. At present, nearly half of the people in the world live in cities. In some developed countries, the proportion of urban population has reached 70%-90%. In some countries with high degree of urbanization, a new urban form-urban agglomeration has emerged. In Europe, urban agglomeration has become the main form of urban housing distribution. With the development of urbanization in the world, it is expected that the distribution of urban agglomerations will also expand.

Urban agglomeration refers to several towns that are concentrated in a certain area, with different scales and functions, but convenient transportation, close contact with each other and relatively independent green belts. There are two main forms of distribution and combination of urban agglomerations: one is to take big cities as the core, gradually expand their suites, and form small and medium-sized town clusters around them, such as new york, London, Paris, Moscow, etc., where many satellite towns have gathered again. In addition, it is a multi-core strip or block urban agglomeration centered on several cities of similar scale, such as "Lanstad" in the Netherlands, which includes The Hague, a port and heavy industry center, Rotterdam, a tourism and cultural center, and many small towns and coastal tourist attractions. Ruhr, Germany, is a huge industrial zone composed of Essen, Dortmund, Dü sseldorf, Duisburg and other cities 15; Donbass in Ukraine consists of cities such as Donetsk, Gorloka and Lugansk. Liaoning in central China consists of Shenyang, Anshan, Benxi, Fushun and Liaoyang.

When satellite towns and new cities are constantly filling up among major cities, and the urban areas are connected with each other, large urban agglomerations will appear, which is a new stage higher than urban agglomerations. It is often distributed in estuaries and coastal areas with convenient transportation in mid-latitude plains, and its core cities are often national or international hubs of science and technology, trade, culture, population and transportation, and some are international ports. Compared with urban agglomeration, it covers a larger area, has a denser population and a more developed economy.

Attachment: Six classic urban agglomerations in the world:

1. Atlantic coast in the northeastern United States from Boston to Washington (Bosworth Belt): On the 970-kilometer-long belt, there are dense cities, including Boston, new york, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington. , inhabited by more than 42 million people, accounting for about 1/5 of the country's total population.

2. The area along the Great Lakes in the north-central United States (Chip Belt): including Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh and other big cities.

3. Tokyo-Osaka urban belt (Keihin belt and Hanshin belt) along the Pacific coast of Japan: including Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Kyoto, Kobe and Osaka. It will develop westward to Nagasaki in the future.

4. England: It consists of London, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool and Newcastle.

5. Northwest Europe: including "Lanstad" in the Netherlands, Ruhr area in Germany and industrial areas in northern France (including Paris, Rouen, le havre, Lille, Dunkirk and Calais).

6. Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region of China (Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou belt, also known as the Yangtze River Delta urban belt): including Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Nantong, Ningbo, Huzhou, Jiaxing and Hangzhou. There are also urban agglomerations in the Pearl River Delta.

Seven metropolitan areas in China. Who is the strongest?

First, the overall development goals of megacities.

Urban development planning, which has attracted much attention, should be placed under the background of global and national development trends, and comprehensively and scientifically grasp the development laws of megacities and metropolitan areas. By 2040, if there are no major accidents, China's economic aggregate will rank first in the world, and its per capita GDP will reach 25,000-30,000 US dollars (excluding inflation), ranking among the developed countries. At the same time, the national urbanization rate will reach more than 75%. Therefore, the planning of megacities and corresponding metropolitan areas must adapt to the historical mission of leading the national economic development.

In this context, it should be noted that with the upgrading of industrial structure, especially the development of modern service industry with information, technology and knowledge as its core competitiveness, the population size of major cities and surrounding metropolitan areas in the world has been on the rise, and even in developed countries that have completed the urbanization process, the population of major cities and surrounding metropolitan areas has maintained a sustained growth. Although the population of individual megacities has decreased slightly, or because the population is concentrated in larger cities (for example, Osaka's population is decreasing while Tokyo's population is increasing), or the population of central cities (for example, Seoul) is decreasing, the population within the metropolitan area is still increasing. [1] Under the above background, even in a developed country metropolis like new york, the population forecast in its long-term planning continues to grow. Therefore, referring to the development law of metropolitan areas in major developed countries in the world, China's megacities should make a more scientific forecast of the long-term population.

The major global cities in the world have put forward their own values in their long-term planning, which usually include more inclusiveness and the values of realizing justice by strengthening the coverage of public services for vulnerable groups (especially low-rent housing). In contrast, the megacities in China do not pay enough attention to the values of urban development in their long-term planning. For example, Shanghai's vision for 2040 refers to "an outstanding global city, a desirable city of innovation, a city of humanity and an ecological city". In addition, if there is a corresponding expression that highlights the vision of fairness and tolerance, such as "civilized city", it will be more in line with the global urban development concept.

According to the development trend of global metropolises, metropolises refer to urban sprawl areas including central megacities and surrounding areas, which are basically contiguous physically, with highly connected infrastructure and closely related economic activities. China's future megacities should focus on building metropolitan areas.

At present, some concepts related to metropolitan area put forward in the Yangtze River Delta planning and Shanghai planning are not accurate enough and lack international comparability. Details are as follows:

1. The currently planned "Shanghai Metropolitan Area" includes some cities in Zhejiang and Jiangsu, and the concept of "urban agglomeration" should be adopted, which is similar to the eastern urban agglomeration composed of Boston-new york-Philadelphia-Washington in the eastern United States or Tokyo-Osaka urban agglomeration in Japan;

2. Strictly speaking, other metropolitan areas in the Yangtze River Delta mentioned in the plan, such as Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area, will not reach the scale of metropolitan areas in 2040, but will only reach urban agglomerations;

3. If by 2040, Shanghai and its surrounding areas will become a real "Shanghai metropolitan area", and its most comparable object is Tokyo metropolitan area, which is also in a country with tense human-land relationship, and its urban sprawl radius is about 70-80 kilometers, which will cross the radius of Shanghai's current jurisdiction. It should be noted that urban sprawl is often criticized, but given the population, contiguous urban sprawl actually saves commuting time and distance. According to this judgment, the concept of "Shanghai metropolitan area" corresponding to Tokyo metropolitan area should be put forward as soon as possible, and the planning of "Shanghai metropolitan area" should be made, which is an urgent task for Shanghai's development and national development.

Definition of Nanjing metropolitan area

Nanjing Metropolitan Area is one of the three metropolitan areas proposed by jiangsu provincial party committee and the province, and its scope is about 100 km around Nanjing. Because it only takes 1 many hours to drive, it is also called "Nanjing one-hour metropolitan area". "Nanjing Metropolitan Area" is not a city concept in the sense of administrative division, but a city community closely linked by developed transportation networks. Nanjing metropolitan area is an inter-provincial urban agglomeration, spanning Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. It has absorbed some cities in Jiangsu and merged some cities in Anhui. Its essence is to form an economic zone with Nanjing as the center, * * * developing together and * * * becoming stronger and bigger, that is, taking a city as the leader to drive the development of a large number of cities and surrounding towns.

Basic survey of Hefei metropolitan area

According to the plan, by 2020, the total population of Hefei metropolitan area will be about 24 million, and the urban population will be about 6.5438+0.58 million. In 2030, the total population of Hefei metropolitan area is about 26.35 million, and the urban population is about 6.5438+0.99 million. At the same time, the level of urbanization will reach 65% ~ 68% in 2020 and 75% ~ 78% in 2030. According to the plan, in the next ten years, Hefei metropolitan area will form an urban spatial layout structure system of "one area, five axes, three belts and multiple groups", and the prospect will develop from point-axis mode to network mode. Specifically, the urban dense area consisting of Hefei, Huainan, Lu 'an, Chaohu and Tongcheng and the area around Chaohu Lake has become the "heart" of the regional development of Hefei metropolitan area. The East-West Development Axis of Hechaowu and the GDP Growth of Hefei Metropolitan Area (20 14-2020) (the year indicates the regional GDP, Unit: 100 million yuan) City 201420162019020 Hefei 5158.5055546p > 062065438 south along Shengli Road and Maanshan Road, and west at Wang Hu Middle Road. The total length of the line is about 28.99 kilometers, all of which are underground lines. There are 25 stations on the whole line, all of which are underground stations. Construction started in the second half of 20 12, and it is expected to be put into production by the end of 20 16. The east-west backbone line of Line 2 starts from the east side of the intersection of Changjiang West Road and Changning Avenue in the west and ends at the west side of the intersection of Changjiang East Road and Dazhong Road. The whole line is 27.20 kilometers long. Construction started on 20 13, and it is expected to be put into production on June 30th, 20 17. Line 3 started construction on 20 14 and officially put into operation at the end of 20 18. As the only "channel" for Hefei to go to sea from Tongjiang, He Yu Waterway is playing an increasingly important role. In order to effectively solve the navigation capacity problem of He Yu Waterway, Hefei plans to invest 600 million yuan to upgrade the waterway to a third-class high-grade waterway, so that thousand-ton ships can sail all year round. At present, the newly-built Yuxi sluice double-track project is under construction, which is scheduled to be completed in the first half of next year, and the preparation for dredging the Heyu Waterway is also proceeding in an orderly manner.

What's the difference between urban agglomeration and metropolitan area in China? Can you describe it in detail?

The three major urban agglomerations in China are Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, and there are also three metropolitan areas. In fact, urban agglomeration and metropolitan area are both appellations for such urban dense areas, and there is no substantive difference. The urban agglomeration emphasizes the overall combination of cities, while the metropolitan area emphasizes the prominent role of individual cities, such as Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta, Hong Kong in the Pearl River Delta and Beijing in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan.

I extracted the comments of relevant scholars.

Since gotman used "Megalopolis" to define the urban agglomeration in the northeast of the United States, this ancient Greek word gradually broke away from various complicated usages and became a proper noun. In foreign theoretical circles, it has become a kind of * * * knowledge to use this word to express the * * * style of many big cities like Boshua.

However, when Gorbachev's theory of urban agglomeration was introduced into China, the word "mutual megacities" could not find a suitable Chinese expression. For a time, various translated names such as "metropolitan area", "metropolitan belt", "metropolitan belt/metropolitan continuous belt" and "urban agglomeration" can be seen everywhere. As for the names of cities in the Yangtze River Delta, there are not only the sixth urban agglomeration according to foreign usage, but also the "metropolitan circle" of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan and the cities around the Bohai Sea and the Pearl River Delta. The academic circles are arguing endlessly, and the onlookers are not clear.

Yu Hongsheng, an expert devoted to related research, believes that although the physical spatial layout of metropolitan area, urban agglomeration and urban sprawl is not much different, it is meaningful to distinguish these concepts from the theoretical analysis of institutional economics. Yu Hongsheng pointed out that using "metropolitan area" to describe the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta implies the concept of "first city", and the relationship between cities in the circle can only be "main-end", and the development result cannot be equal and coordinated development of all cities. In the final analysis, the concept of "metropolitan area" has not jumped out of the administrative system. The formulation of "urban agglomeration" belongs to the urban hierarchical scale system, in which the relationship between cities and urban agglomerations is "network-node", with equal status and complementary functions, and it is also the easiest to popularize "* * *".

Although many scholars believe that "metropolitan belt" is a relatively standardized translation of "mega-city" in Chinese, this concept still has its shortcomings when used in the Yangtze River Delta region. Because "belt" refers to a long and narrow area, and the cities in the Yangtze River Delta are clustered in blocks.

More importantly, Professor Changning of the Institute of Urban and Regional Development of East China Normal University, who introduced guttman Theory to China for the first time, pointed out that the dynamic mechanism of urban agglomeration reflected by "metropolitan area" and "metropolitan area" is also different. The formation of "metropolitan belt" is driven by metropolis, and the whole region is formed by the diffusion and connection of core cities. For example, in Boshua urban agglomeration, the boundary between Boston and new york is quite blurred. "Metropolitan area" embodies a top-down development, such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the Yangtze River Delta, where the county economy is developed. Although there is a close relationship between all localities and surrounding big cities, they are mainly counties (cities). Therefore, for the Yangtze River Delta, the name "metropolitan area" is not so much a "metropolitan area" as a "metropolitan area".

Yu Hongsheng, an expert, said that the study of urban agglomeration originated in Europe and America, with many schools, accompanied by concepts such as "combined city", "urban agglomeration", "metropolitan area" and "urban sprawl". 19 10 year, queen of American scholars. The United States once had the concepts of "urban area", "urban fringe area" and "urban hinterland". 19 15 British scholar PatrickGeddes put forward the concept of "combined city". By 1930s, British scholar C.B. Fossett put forward the concept of "urban agglomeration".

Yu Hongsheng believes that the above translations have their own merits: the name "metropolitan area" reflects the functional complementarity between cities, while the "metropolitan belt" emphasizes the gradual transition between cities, reflecting the extension of the scope of central cities and the radiation of functions, while the name "urban agglomeration" absorbs the strengths of various factions, indicating that many cities in the Yangtze River Delta should develop themselves and compete with their international counterparts after developing to a higher level of urbanization.

What does metropolitan area mean?

Metropolitan area refers to urban agglomeration (also known as urban belt, urban circle, metropolitan group, metropolitan circle or metropolitan circle), and refers to the * * * city with the central city as the core and radiating to the surrounding areas. The characteristics of urban agglomerations are reflected in their close economic ties, industrial division and cooperation, and the interaction between transportation and social life, urban planning and infrastructure construction. An economic circle can be formed by multiple urban agglomerations or a single large urban agglomeration. What is close to Chongqing does not belong to Chongqing. . . In a word, the area around Tokyo and Mexico City is the periphery of these two cities. Small cities on the edge of Chongqing have their own names and administrative centers.