The ancient city of Sizhou is the first county in the middle of Guizhou in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Sizhou, 1999 Edition Cihai Note: "State, Tusi, House Name. In the fourth year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 630), the state was changed. Zhiwuchuan (now east of Guizhou along the river). Jurisdiction over Wuchuan, Yanhe and Yinjiang in Guizhou, Youyang and Xiushan in Chongqing. It was abolished at the end of the Tang Dynasty, resumed at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, soon abolished, and moved at the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty. " It is affirmed that Yanhe was the ruling place of Wuchuan County, Wuzhou and Sizhou in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty.

In the 19th year of Emperor Yangdi Huang Kai (AD 599), Zhao Kuangyin and Zheliao were ordered to analyze the land in Qianyang County and set up Wuchuan County, covering the whole area along the Yangtze River and Xiushan and parts of Youyang, Yinjiang, Sinan, Dejiang and Wuchuan. "Yuanhe County Records" contains: "There are about 150 households in Wuchuan County, which are divided into two townships because of the vast land and sparse population. One day, they returned to Yixian Township, and the other was Nanmu Township. Governance is located in Binjiang County on the east bank of Wujiang River today. "Yuan Hezhi" contains: "Neijiang, Fuling River (Wujiang River), 40 steps (about 200 feet) west of the county seat, named Wuchuan because of Sichuan." He moved to Yongzhou (now Qianjiang County) at the beginning. In the second year of Daye (AD 606), Yongzhou was abandoned, and the original Shicheng, Wuchuan and Fuyang counties were placed under Badong County (now Fengjie). Geography of Sui Shu:No. 15 in Tongxian County, Badong County andNo. 14 in Wuchuan County. "Wuchuan County Records" also contains: the consolation of Zheliao in the 19th year of the Ming Dynasty (599), and analyzes that Qianyang County was located in Wuchuan County, and the county was ruled in the suburbs of Yanhe County today, which governed Youyang County, Xiushan County, Yanhe County in the southwest, Yinjiang County, Sinan County and most of Dejiang County. Sui Wuchuan County has only Hongsi, Daping and Shi Chao in today's territory.

As the central supervisory organization, Taoism in the Tang Dynasty initially divided the whole country into 10, and then adjusted it to 15. The southern part of the river belongs to Wuchuan County, Sizhou (Wuzhou), and the northern part belongs to Hongdu County, Guizhou Province, which turns into Jiangnan Road and Guizhou Middle Road successively. In the second year of Wude (AD 6 19), Pengshui and Shicheng counties were located in Lizhou, Hongdu County. In the fourth year of Wude (AD 62 1), Zhao Weiling made Ran Anchang take Wuchuan as the avenue. Please gather the county to caress it. Wuchuan county is located in the county, and later changed to Wuzhou, which is in charge of Wuchuan, Fuyang and Fuchuan counties. In the fourth year of Zhenguan (AD 630), the state was changed to Sizhou, which was named after its poor water.

Sizhou was renamed Yining County. In the first year of Tianbao (AD 742), Sizhou was changed to Yining County, which governed Wuchuan, Wang Si and Jones counties. In the first year of Gan Yuan (AD 758), it was renamed Sizhou.

A preliminary study of the culture in central Guizhou (by Cai Shengchi) has an important account of central Guizhou and Sizhou;

After Ba, both the Chu State and the Qin Dynasty set up Qianzhong County. In Tang Dynasty, Guizhou Middle Road (from the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (733) to the end of Tang Dynasty (907) 174) started from Jianshi in Hubei in the north, ended in Lingyun in Guangxi in the south, ended in Bijie in Guizhou in the west and ended in Yuanling in Hunan in the east, covering an area of about 300,000 square kilometers. Pengshui is the residence of the administrative offices at the provincial, prefecture and county levels and the political, economic and cultural center at the junction of Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei and Guangxi.

Sizhou, which borders southern Guizhou, was built in Yongning County (later renamed Wanning, now Sinan) in the sixth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (20 1). Han people first entered and brought advanced production tools and technologies. During the Wude period of the Tang Dynasty (6 18~525), a large number of paddy fields were reclaimed, so Tada County was built in the north of Sinan. In addition to self-sufficiency, there are still surplus grains to make wine. The ASEAN has the custom of "taking cattle and wine as a profession in marriage".

Wujiang waterway is the main channel leading to the outside world in central Guizhou. This road is a road for officials and tributes from central Guizhou, salt export and cinnabar transportation. In order to adapt to the characteristics of Wujiang River, the only large curved-tailed wooden boat in China was built, and a fiber path was dug on the stone wall. Wooden boats go across the beach and use manpower to roar horns and pull fibers, forming a unique cultural landscape of Wujiang River. Because the dangerous beaches of Gongtan and Yangjiaoqi were formed in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty and Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty respectively, the Wujiang waterway in Tang Dynasty was more unobstructed than that after Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ethnic minorities, including Erhai Lake and Dali in Yunnan today, have chosen Wujiang River as a waterway to pay tribute to the central authorities.

During the hundreds of years in the Tang Dynasty, there were few wars (only eight local rebellions and counter-rebellions, except one that lasted for three years, and the rest ended in the New Year or New Year), and the society was relatively stable, which created favorable conditions for production and social development.

Since the establishment of Fuling County in Yushan of the Western Han Dynasty, the floating official system has been implemented, that is, the central government selects and appoints personnel nationwide rather than in the county, and the system rotates according to the term of office but cannot be inherited. Officials brought foreign cultures from all over the country.

Central Guizhou (Qianzhou, Sizhou, etc. ) is a wild territory with social stability; There are mountains and mountains, and water transportation is convenient; Because it is located in the southwest, it is rich in products and can provide the needed items according to the Tang system. So it has become an ideal place for exiled royal family members and dignitaries. These people lost their power politically, but in life, they would not be mistreated, but they still maintained their original standards, which brought Peng Shui the most advanced culture at that time.

Li Chenggan, the eldest son of Emperor Taizong, Li Ming, the fourteenth son, Jong Li, the deposed prince, and Li Yuangui, the fourteenth son of Huo Wang, were all exiled to Guizhou. Three of them (Li Yuangui died in exile) died in Pengshui and were buried in Pengshui first. Sun Chang Wuji, the founding father, was also exiled to central Guizhou.

Liu Fang, who originally compiled national history in the History Museum, was exiled to Guizhou and still devoted herself to writing. Just Gao Lishi also exiled Wuzhou (now hongjiang city, Hunan Province) and met him in Ganzhou. Because Gao knew the palace affairs in detail, during Kaiyuan and Tianbao years, Liu wrote forty articles in Tang Li.

In the Tang Dynasty, 24 poets, including Meng Jiao, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Changqing, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Jia Dao and Guan Xiu, as well as officials in central Guizhou (most of them were literate and poetic), left many works reflecting Wujiang River and central Guizhou, including 29 poems.

Table on the situation of each prefecture in the middle road area of Tang and Qian

Governing the state and land (today's place name) governs the county, now the county name.

Pengshui County, Guizhou Province (Pengshui) Liuwulong, Pengshui and Qianjiang

Wuzhou wuchuan city (along the river) Sanyo, Xiushan, Yanhe, Wuchuan and Yinjiang.

Fuchuan county, Feizhou (Sinan), Sinan and Dejiang

Wumeitan, Fenggang and Suiyang (Fenggang), Suiyang County, Yizhou City

WuSongTao, Tongren and Wanshan (Mayang West) in Luyang County, Jinzhou.

Zunyi County, Bozhou (Zunyi) Sanzunyi

Zhou Zhenligao County (northwest of Zheng 'an) has Sanzhen and Zheng 'an.

Jacky River, Yi Rong County, Qinzhou (southeast of Qijiang River)

Erqi River, Nanchuan County, Zhou Nan

Fuling County (Fuling) and Wulong, Fuzhou City

Zhou Qingjiang County (Enshi) Er Enshi, Jianshi

Xixiang Daxiang County (Yongshun East) is the second Daxiang.

Wuyuanling (Yuanling), Yuanling County, Chenzhou City

Sanyupu and Qianyang (west of Qianyang), Longbiao County, Wuzhou

Suzhou (that is, Wuzhou)

Lingzhou Wuling county (Changde) erchangde

Zhou Ye Yelang County (Jiangxi) Zhenyuan Sanchen Palace

Award state (i.e. industry state)

When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty set up the Middle Road in Guizhou, he set up eighteen ruling states like Guizhou and Sizhou, and forty-nine captive states like Yingzhou, Chongzhou, Zhuangzhou, Jail State and Juzhou. The bridle is a horse's head and the bridle is a cow's nose rope. Although it is light, it is intended to participate in and restrain them, so that they will not be "unfaithful." This is an administrative organization established in ethnic areas in the Tang Dynasty. With considerable independence, it can be said to be an ancient institution of "national autonomy" and a pioneering work in dealing with the administrative system in ethnic areas in the Tang Dynasty. In terms of the establishment of officials, they are all similar to those in the mainland, with a secretariat, all of whom are the chief executives of Quanzhou. The difference is that the secretariat was appointed by the imperial court as the leader of the local ethnic group, "all hereditary"; All the officials in the state (including the county magistrate) are filled by local people. The governors of each state should govern under the premise of following the calendar of the Tang Dynasty and obeying the central government decrees. Only under the secretariat, the post of "long history" is established, with officials sent by the central government as the representatives of the central government and "supervising its various departments" (Don Yao Hui, vol. 96). General Chapter In the second year of Tang Gaozong (669), the Zhu Quan Law was promulgated, which stipulated that the governors of Guizhou and other places should select local people as state and county officials. In the first year of Yifeng (676), in view of the "imprecision" of the officials recommended by the local governors in Guizhou in recent years, it was stipulated that more than five officials of the Qing Dynasty should be sent as "envoys of southern elections" every year to inspect various places. In line with the principle of "each tribe follows its own customs" (History as a Mirror 193), let them live in the same place, live as usual, do not tax them, do not report their household registration, and allow them to keep the army without limiting the number. Legally, the Tang law clearly stipulates: "Whoever commits crimes against people of the same kind (referring to ethnic minorities) shall abide by this common law."

In order to reflect the power of the state and the ownership of ethnic areas, all Jimi States should pay tribute to the central government regularly. Although the tribute is a local native product or a foreign object, the reward given by the court is several times that of the tribute.

Inspired by these policies, from the third year of Wude (620) to the third year of Zhenguan (649), there were successively Xie, the savage leader of Song Temple (now Weng 'an, Guizhou), and Xie, the leader of their other branch (now Jiangkou, Shiqian, Guizhou) and Dongxie (now Taishan, Jianhe, Guizhou). The central government renamed their original territories Zhangzhou, Chongzhou, Yingzhou and Zhuangzhou respectively, and conferred the title of secretariat, belonging to Ganzhou.

From the seventh year of Zhenyuan (79 1) to the eighteenth year of Zhenyuan (802), he entered the DPRK five times, which was closely related. When we arrived in Tang Xianzong, there were more and more tribute teams and more and more tributes. For fear of accidents on the road, in the second year of Yuanhe (807), Zhangge and other tribute workers from Jimmy were first concentrated in Qianzhou and escorted by troops from Qianzhou.

For example, Princess Wencheng was betrothed to Songzan Gambu, the daughter of the royal family was betrothed to Ran Rencai, the son of "Pan" Ran Anchang, and the fourth generation grandson of her daughter was betrothed to "Miao" Zhao in the Tang Dynasty, which made the relationship between Zhao and the royal family closer.

The central government does not interfere in the internal affairs of Jimmy State. In the 10th year of Kaiyuan (722), Xian Xiang, the secretariat of Xian Xiang, died of illness, and the Tang Dynasty made him a satrap. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Zhao Jundao, the great leader of Zhangge, came to North Korea and presented a gift. It shows that in the past ten years, the ruler of Xi 'an has changed from Xie Jia to Zhao Jia. However, the Zhao family still appointed Xie's dignitaries as officials, thus maintaining the internal stability of the Tang Dynasty. The imperial court still awarded Zhao Jundao the title of secretariat.

These measures have strengthened national unity, promoted cultural exchanges and benefited the development of minority areas.

The establishment of Jimi government is conducive to social stability, thus saving management costs. According to these policies, Zhao Guozhen, the leader of Xian Manchu, became the governor of central Guizhou and the special envoy in charge of this administration. Not only did he "please" the "different customs", but he also "faked the" bugle "and became a Taoist official with military and political power. Zhao Guozhen betrayed the trust of the imperial court. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the "Anshi Rebellion" in the north lasted for more than seven years, and the country suffered huge losses. Even Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Chengdu. However, under the management of Zhao Guozhen, the road in central Guizhou is peaceful, which creates good social conditions for the economic and cultural development in central Guizhou.

The establishment of Jimmy Prefecture has accumulated rich historical experience for China to successfully solve the thorny ethnic problems in today's world.

Guizhou Middle Road, with its vast territory, diverse landforms, subtropical climate and rich products, and the relatively relaxed political environment in Li Tang period, not only gave birth to many ethnic groups living here, but also developed their own social economy. They took the development of salt pills as the leading factor and the Wujiang River system as the channel, absorbed various national cultures, royal cultures and other foreign cultures, and created unique material and spiritual wealth in farming, fishing and hunting, handicrafts, water transportation, commerce and other industries. After historical fermentation, a colorful and diverse culture in central Guizhou has finally been brewed. If the 5,000-year-old culture of the Chinese nation is a string of bright pearls, then the culture in central Guizhou is one of them.

Sizhou occupies a very important position in Qianzhong Road, and it can be called the first county in Qianzhong. First of all, Sizhou is the most extensive among more than ten economic states in Qianzhong Road. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty records that Wude was in charge of Wuzhou for four years, leading Wuchuan, Fuchuan and Fuyang counties, and changed from Zhenguan to Sizhou for four years. Fuchuan county is located in the southwest of China today, and Fuyang County is located in Jiancha River in Dejiang today. Sizhou should include Jin Sinan, Dejiang and Fenggang. "Guizhou Tongzhi" (Wanli) records: "Shiqian House ... was the land of Sizhou and Guizhou in the early Tang Dynasty ... (Wude) for four years, Yining County of Sizhou was established as Yiquan County of Yizhou, which is the present house." It also shows that Fenggang and Shiqian were once under the jurisdiction of Tang Sizhou (before Wuzhou changed to Sizhou, there was a Sizhou, and the historical records were abandoned, but they were not put in their original places. According to the available data, this Sizhou should be established around the first year of Wude and Qianzhou, and it should be located along the Yangtze River, Sinan or Dejiang and Yinjiang today, which is a mystery of Wujiang culture and needs further study). In the early Tang Dynasty, Sizhou included today's areas along the Yangtze River, Wuchuan, Yinjiang, Youyang, Xiushan, Dejiang, Fenggang, Sinan and Shiqian, with a total area of more than 30,000 square kilometers. Later, it was divided into Feizhou and Yizhou, covering an area of not less than 20,000 square kilometers, becoming the first county in central Guizhou. Secondly, Sizhou is the land and water transportation hub and geographical center of Guizhou Middle Road. Thirdly, Sizhou was a strategic place for the Tang Dynasty to control central Guizhou. Fourthly, Sizhou is one of the states with the earliest development, the richest products and relatively developed economy and culture.

Today, the names of Huangbangshi, Ceng Zi Dam, Sima Xi, Luantang, Guanba and Hanlin near Yanhe County still exude the cultural atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, while dozens of ancient and modern names such as Sinan, Siqu (now one in Yanhe and Youyang), Sishui, Hongsi, Jones, Wang Si, Sitang and Lin Si were the first counties in Guizhou during the prosperous Tang Dynasty.