The Original Text and Translation of Guan Zhong and Bao Shu

The original text of Guanzhong and Bao Shu by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty:

People who are loyal to me are also good to people. When I was young, I often traveled with books, and Bao Shu knew his talent. Guan Zhong is poor and often bullies Uncle Bao; Uncle Bao finally met him well and didn't take it for granted. Bao Shu worked for the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong worked for Gong Zijiu. And Xiao Bai made Huan Gong, Miyako died for a long time, and Guan Zhong was imprisoned; Uncle Bao then went into Guanzhong.

It is also Guan Zhong's plan to use it to take office in Qi State, monopolize it, unite with the nine kings and conquer the world. ? Guan Zhong said, "When you are in trouble, try Bao Shujia, and you will be rich and profitable, mostly for yourself; Uncle Bao is not greedy for me, but knows that I am poor.

Miyako was defeated for a long time and was called to die suddenly. My prisoner was humiliated. Bao Shu doesn't regard me as a shameless person, knowing that I'm not ashamed, but his shame and fame are not obvious to the world. Give birth to my parents, understand my baby! "

Since Guan Zhong became independent, he has lived on the seashore with only a small amount of money, accumulated wealth, enriched Qiang Bing, and shared the joys and dislikes with the people. Therefore, it is said: "The granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace, and clothes are solid."

If the four dimensions don't open, the country will die. Orders are like running water, which makes people feel happy. "So the theory of modesty and generosity. What the common people want, let it go; Vulgar is not, so go.

It is also the government, good every cloud has a silver lining, that turned defeat into victory. Weigh carefully. Huan Gong was really angry with Cai, so Guan Zhong attacked Chu and blamed Mao for not paying tribute.

Huan Gong was really good at the Northern Expedition, and Guan Zhong put Yan Xiu in charge of Zhao Gong. At the meeting of Yu Ke, Huan Gong wanted to break the contract, Guan Zhong believed it was true, and the princes returned to Qi. Therefore, it is said that "knowing what it is used for is the treasure of politics."

Guan Zhongfu intends to go to the government, and he has three returns and is buried. Qi people don't think this is luxury. When Guan Zhong died, it was often better for Qi to obey his own government than for princes. 100 years later, there was a swallow.

Interpretation of vernacular:

Guan Zhong, also known as Yi Wu, is from Yingshan. He used to associate with Bao when he was young, and Bao knew that he was very talented. Guan Zhong's family is very poor and often occupies part of Bao Shu's property. But Uncle Bao was very kind to him and didn't complain.

Later, Bao Shu served Xiao Bai, the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong served him. After Xiao Bai became the Duke of Huan, he was killed and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Uncle Bao introduced Guan Zhong to Huan Gong. After Guan Zhong was hired, he was in charge of the state affairs of Qi, while Qi Huangong held the state affairs. He called many governors to unite to rectify the world, which was Guan Zhong's strategy.

Guan Zhong said, "When I was poor, I often did business with Uncle Bao. I often have more money to share. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me like a greedy person. He knows I'm poor. I used to work for Uncle Bao, which added insult to injury. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm a fool. He knows the timing. He has been an official for many times and has been dismissed by the monarch for many times. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me like an incompetent person.

He knows I'm unlucky. I fought many wars and retreated many times. Uncle Bao doesn't think I am a coward. He knows that my mother is at home. After the princes failed to compete for the throne, my colleagues told me to commit suicide, and I was put in prison and endured humiliation. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm shameless. He knows I'm not ashamed of losing a small role, but I'm ashamed of not showing my reputation in front of the world.

If the ethics of propriety, justice and shame are not improved, the country will perish. "The promulgation of the law, like the source of running water, should conform to people's hearts. Therefore, his law is simple and easy. What the people yearn for is given according to the situation, and what the people disapprove of is eliminated accordingly.

When Qi and Lu were allied in Kedi, Duke Huan intended to give up the contract signed with them and return the land to Lu, but Guan Zhong insisted on returning the land so that Lu could be owned by Qi and all the princes in the world would be attached to Qi. Therefore, we say, "knowing how to give is to get, which is the magic weapon to govern government affairs."

Guan Zhong's wealth can be compared with that of princes and nobles. There are three retreats and some retreats. Qi people don't think Guan Zhong is extravagant because of this. After Guan Zhong's death, Qi inherited his political and religious beliefs, and often occupied a dominant position among princes. More than a hundred years later, another Yan Zi appeared.

Extended data writing background:

Sima Qian was born in a well-off family in Longmen, Yellow River during the period of Wang and Wu in the Western Han Dynasty (unknown time). Sima Qian's grandfather Sima Xi, under the policy that Emperor China had the title of chestnut rice, exchanged 4,000 chestnut rice for the title of nine and five people. As real minions, the whole family had to be forced to serve.

Young Sima Qian studied calligraphy under the guidance of his father Sima Tan. By the age of ten, he had been able to read and recite China's ancient books such as Shangshu, Zuozhuan, Guoyu and Jieben. In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Tan took Chang 'an, the capital of the Han Dynasty, as the official post, while Sima Qian stayed in Longmen, his hometown, studying hard and continuing his agriculture, reading and animal husbandry.

In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu Ding Yuan (1 1 1), Chi Yihou ordered the southwest barbarians to be pacified, and the corps commander Guo Chang and Wei Guang led eight captains' soldiers to attack Galand and raze the southern barbarians. Yelang was frightened and came uninvited.

The Han army also punished Joan and killed Hou Yu. Ran is really scared. Let me set up an official. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Wudu, Zhang Ke, Yuegu, Li Shen and Wenshan counties in southwest Yi.

At this time, Sima Qian, who accompanied Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his eastward expedition, went down to the southwest again and was sent to the south of Bashu to plan the construction of a new county. Later, he settled in Qionglai, Tashi and Kunming, and returned to Emperor Wu the next year. .

When discussing literature with Shang Dafu and Hu Ai, Sima Qian once said: "I heard Dong Sheng say,' The king of the Zhou Dynasty declined, and Confucius was the commander in chief of the state of Lu, which was harmed by his ministers and blocked by Dr. Qing.

Knowing that his opinions were not adopted and his political ideas could not be put into practice, Confucius regarded the rights and wrongs of the past 242 years as the standard for judging human rights and wrongs, belittled unscrupulous emperors, reprimanded wrong governors and denounced chaotic doctors, just to make the country's political affairs accessible. "? .

Looking back at Historical Records, we can see that Dong Zhongshu's Gongyangxue's influence on Sima Qian is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the Gongyangjia praised the Tang-Wu Revolution and advocated that there is no dead end, which became the ideological basis of anti-tyranny in Historical Records.

Secondly, "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries" advocated "great unification" as the main concept throughout the book Historical Records; Thirdly, the righteousness of the ram family to respect honesty and shame is the moral standard to praise and criticize historical figures in Historical Records.

Role background:

Qi statesmen in the Spring and Autumn Period. My name is Yi Wu, also known as Guan. It is said that he did business in his early years and then engaged in political activities. In the struggle for the throne between Xiao Bai (Qi Huangong) and Gong Zijiu, the sons of Qi, Guan Zhong once supported Gong Zijiu. After Xiao Bai acceded to the throne, he put aside the past and reused Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong also helped Qi Huangong to carry out reforms.

Politically, the system of participating in and discussing state affairs and despising the state is implemented, that is, the monarch and the second secretary jointly govern the state, set up military organizations at all levels, and stipulate that scholars, industry and commerce go their own ways; Economically, the tax system reform was implemented, and the mining fields "declined everywhere" (see pre-Qin taxation), and some policies conducive to the development of agriculture and handicrafts were adopted.

Bao, also known as steamed stuffed bun, is the son of Bao. He was a doctor of the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period and was famous for his knowledge of people. When I was young, I made friends with Guan Zhong and did business together. During the chaos, he took Xiao Bai, the son, out to Lu, and Guan Zhong took Jiu, the son, out to Lu.

Qi Xianggong was killed, and Xiao Bai fought for the throne. Xiao Bai won the throne, that is, Qi Huangong. Guan Zhong was imprisoned by Huan Gong. Bao knew Guan Zhong's sage and recommended him to take over his post. He himself was willing to live under Guan Zhong. Because of Guan Zhong's governance, Qi became stronger and stronger, and was praised as "a friend with Bao Zi" and "a legacy of Bao Zi" by people at that time.