Pronunciation of "Wen"

? On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province. CCTV broadcast the news for the first time, and then reported for 24 hours in a row, which made a place name called Wenchuan familiar to the audience, and also brought out the pronunciation problem of the word "Wen", which needs to be corrected.

? "Wen" is a complicated and error-prone word. "Wen" is not used frequently in Chinese, which makes many people not know it very well. Because the public is unfamiliar, once misled, it will be accepted by most people who don't know. Three people become tigers, just like bad money drives out good money, so the original correct pronunciation will be eliminated. The backward elimination of language is unfair to the weak language and violates the principle of truth. Therefore, the sound and meaning of "Wen" are carefully studied and summarized as follows to reflect the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic.

First, the basic pronunciation of "Wen" is wén, which is pronounced as "Wen".

"Wen" is a disyllabic word, and Kangxi Dictionary defines its first meaning as the ancient word "Wen", which is called "Wen, the ancient word" Wen ". "Wen" is also written as "cloud". In Kangxi Dictionary, "Wen" takes precedence, and "Wen" is synonymous with "Yun". "Wen" is a polyphonic word, and its first sound is "Wen". Then there were other sounds. Kangxi Dictionary, as the basic sound wén, is based on Guang Yun and Jiyun: "No score, the sound is literary and sticky. Liaodong is literate. That is, the solitary bamboo country is also vocal. " That is to say, in the pronunciation of wén, Wen has two meanings: "sticky saliva" and "wencheng".

Wencheng, formerly known as Wenxian County, was renamed Wenxian County in Xin Mang, and Wenwen was renamed Wenwen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is now Dalian.

Second, Shandong local accent wèn, read if "ask".

Wen, Shandong sound wèn, refers to Wenshui.

Wenshui has mainstream tributaries, which are recorded in detail in Shan Hai Jing and Shu Jing. These records are included in Kangxi Dictionary, which are called Dawenshui and Dawenhe. "It originated in the north of Laiwu County, Shandong Province, and flowed through the south of Guyuan County in the southwest, which was called Guwen in ancient times." (Cihai). Another "Narrator" by the State of Jin: "The water in Taishan County is called Wen." Derived place names include Wenshang and Wenyang. Its pronunciation "Shuowen" is annotated as "death and movement" and "Tang Yun Jiyun" is annotated as "movement and movement".

? As the origin of Shui Wen is in Shandong, it is defined as the first and only meaning in today's Ci Hai and Modern Chinese Dictionary.

? Third, "Wen" is a variant of "Min", with the sound of mí n.

"Wen" is a variant of "Min", the title of "Jiyun" is "Meipin", and the title of "Neighbour" is pronounced as mí n, "Connected with Min, Wenjiang is also." The Jade Emperor Guang Ji: "Wenshan, in the northwest of Wenshan County, Maozhou, is commonly known as Tie Bao Ridge, where the river is diverted. Also, Wenshan, county name, Wenchuan, county name. " Mountains and rivers depend on each other, and there is Wenshui under Wenshan, and Wenchuan in Wenshan, one is the county name and the other is the county name. Wenchuan, as a county name, appeared in Sui Dynasty. Biography of King Shu: "A native of Guangrou County, Wenshan County, was born in. Guangrou, change to Wenchuan. " "The Warring States Policy Yance II": "The first place in Shu, the canoe floats on the warm, rides down the river in summer, and arrives at Ying on the fifth day." Qing Gu Zuyu's Reading Historical Records Sichuan Benji Yu Feng quoted the Records of Minjiang River: "Minjiang River is also called Wenjiang."

How does "people" communicate with "literature"? It turns out that the word "min" in ancient times is very complicated, and the change of font and simplification of strokes in history have become the word "min" or "Wen" Some people think that "Wen" is a change of "Min" official script, which may have some truth, but the author has not yet obtained actual evidence. Shuowen: "Min, the name of the mountain, is in Shu."

Outside the west, this work is X, and this X is composed of people, Japan, debt and mountains.

Composed of parts. This word is too complicated, so I stopped using it later, and I can't type it today. But these four parts are

Later simplification provided the basis. One is to simplify the direction of "people" and "mountains" and become "people" and "one"

It is simplified in the direction of "owe" and turned into "text".

"Owe" and "Wen" are not the same word. How are they connected? This is the reason for the proximity. exist

In calligraphy, "owing" and "writing" are often confused. As a place name, "Min (Wen)" is not only a mountain, but also

It's water, and mountains and rivers are inseparable. Using pictophonetic characters, mín as a mountain becomes "Min" as water.

Mín became "Wen".

Homophones are common because of their similar shapes. As mentioned above, the ancient word "min" consists of four parts: people, Japan, debts and mountains. Kangxi dictionary says so. In Shuowen, seal script consists of four parts: stone, sun, debt and mountain. It shows that Shuowen confuses "yes" and "people". Judging from the sound and meaning of the word "min", it is obvious that this part of "Shi" is misspelled and the changes in Kangxi Dictionary are correct. It was wrong at that time to write differently because of similar shapes, but later generations realized this through the spread of errors.

? Since "people" will be mistaken for "home", it is understandable that "debt" will be mistaken for "text".

? This is the reason why "people" and "literature" are interlinked.

? It is worth noting that although these two words are interlinked, they are not interchangeable characters, but variant characters.

? "Wen" is a variant of "people" and another way of writing "people". This point, including ancient books, is not clearly pointed out, or it is a mistake.

As a variant of the people, the writings in Wenchuan are similar to those in Wenshang, and the relationship between hair (hair) and hair (hair) is similar: the shape is the same, but it is completely irrelevant.

Fourth, the adjective "Wen" is pronounced as "person".

As an adjective, "Wen" has two meanings, one is to defile and insult. Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng: "The text of accepting things." The second is cheating, is that clear? Zhou Lianggong's "A Picture of a Book of Taoist Repairs": "The quiet person begins to see the micro. If they see it, will anyone be able to read? "

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Other pronunciations: w ě n.

? "Wen", as the name of Shandong water, has another sound, W ě n. Explain "Wenshui", and Kangxi Dictionary adds: "It is also called" Juyun ",in which Wu is divided, the sound is close, and the meaning is the same." That is to say, it means "Wenshui", "Wenshang" and "Dawenkou" in Shandong, and it can also be pronounced wěn (kiss).

? Analysis conclusion: Wenchuan, read the biography of Wé n.

We should determine the pronunciation of Wenchuan according to the following principles:

? First: basic pronunciation: as mentioned above, read wé n?

Second, the principle of territoriality: geographical names are exclusive and territoriality is the first principle. According to the survey, the local people in Wenchuan read "Wen" as Wé n.

Third, the principle of simplification from vulgarity to the present: from the semantic point of view, "Wen" and "Min" are homologous, which are simplified from the same traditional ancient Chinese characters and belong to variant characters. However, because we can't see that "Wen" and "Min" are variant characters now, the shapes are too different. Therefore, it is difficult for the ignorant to know, let alone read correctly. In this way, people will inevitably read Wé n. The question now is, since we are so serious and it is not easy to understand the origin of "Wen", why can we read it loosely and secular? There is a simple principle from now on. For example, we all know that the ancient sound of "Jiang" is gāng, but we don't read it like this today.

Fourth, the regional reasons for the different pronunciations of "Wen": in the phonological category, the local ancient sounds in Shandong are mostly stressed and stressed. This is related to the fact that northerners are big and their vocal organs sing well. So it is natural to pronounce "Wen" as Wè n, and I noticed such a similar example when I investigated this pronunciation habit. Shandong and Henan dialects say "Hunan" and "Changsha", which means "Hunan" and "singing sand". Sichuan belongs to the southwest mandarin area, and there are few pronunciation habits with sounds. Naturally, we should say "Wen (Wen) Chuan". Today's modern Chinese phonetic notation has no entering tone. In ancient times, entering tone was divided into rising tone and falling tone. The so-called entering tone means approaching the rising tone and falling tone. Looking back, we can imagine that in Shandong dialect, the pronunciation of "Wen" has both a rising tone and a falling tone, or it is in between, so that "Ji Youyun" needs to be added to the interpretation of "Wen Shui" in Kangxi Dictionary, which means Wu Qie, Yin Qin and Yi Tong.

? Liaodong belongs to the north. Why doesn't Chengdu sing a tune * * *? The reason is very simple, because "Wencheng" is originally "Wencheng".

? Conclusion: The basic pronunciation of Wen as a place name is wén (Wen). Individual areas (such as Shandong) read wèn (asking questions) or wěn (kissing). As a variant of "Min", it should be pronounced as mín (Min), but it is also pronounced as wén according to several principles. As verbs and adjectives, read men, but this sound and meaning are rarely used today.

? Wenchuan, you should read the biography of Wé n.

? Seven, suggestions and thinking.

? As CCTV announcers, they need to broadcast a breaking news at the first time, and they can't study and verify it like me. It is understandable to pronounce the wrong sound. What's more, they have a basis. The announcer's basis is Xinhua Dictionary or Modern Chinese Dictionary. In this way, if there are mistakes in these two reference books, the announcer can only correct them. From this thought:

? First, Xinhua Dictionary or Modern Chinese Dictionary, as a popular reference book, should be constantly improved.

The principle and purpose of popularization will inevitably weaken its integrity. However, how to ensure its correctness and comprehensiveness while being concise and popular is a problem that needs serious consideration. Because it is not simple enough, or even put the cart before the horse, it loses its classical meaning. Like the four pronunciations and multiple meanings of the word "Wen", it is ok to omit mín, mén and wěn in Xinhua Dictionary, but it is only rough to omit the most basic and first-place wén, if not negligence.

? Second, when authoritative opinions come out and are recognized, CCTV announcers should correct their mistakes. 5. The12 earthquake, initially measured as magnitude 7.8, was determined as magnitude 8 by the State Seismological Bureau five days later and changed. Similarly, it is easier to misread the place names of earthquake sites and should be corrected.

Word reference books correct mistakes, CCTV announcers correct pronunciations, and "Wenchuan" is the true color of "text (text) biography".