Why did the Dutch War of Independence break out?

Why did the Dutch War of Independence break out?

The Dutch War of Independence was the Netherlands’ independent struggle against Spanish rule. It was also a democratic revolution by the bourgeoisie against the colonial system, which ultimately ended with the Netherlands Stop independently.

The cause of the incident was the Spanish colonization of Netherlands. Capitalism began to develop. Philip II intensified expropriation and refused to withdraw his soldiers, which set off a rebellion between the nobles and the general public. The main forces opposed the wave of democracy established by Charles V.

The Netherlands means "low sky" and refers to the area in southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages located on the upper reaches of the Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt rivers and along the North Sea, including the contemporary Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The Three Kingdoms and a small group in northern France. The Netherlands was once ruled by Rome in modern times and became part of the Frankish Kingdom and Charlemagne's Empire in the early Middle Ages.

From the 11th to the 14th century, Netherland became the birthplace of many empires, most of which were affiliated with the Holy Roman Empire and France. From the 14th century to the mid-16th century, through medieval royal marriage relationships and throne succession, Netherlands became a part of Spain. The capitalist economy in Netherlands developed earlier and faster. Handicraft factories manufacturing woolen, silk, linen, carpets, carpets, glassware, leather and metal products developed rapidly. Bruges and Antwerp became major commercial, trade and domestic credit centers. Antwerp has more than 1,000 branches of Chinese banks and stores, and has also established a commodity exchange and stock exchange. The port can dock more than 2,000 ships at the same time.

In the villages of Flanders and Brabant, farmers' land allotments were changed to short-term leases, and wealthy citizens and all tenants purchased aristocratic land to develop farms, either under construction or under construction. Semi-open deduction method. The most developed provinces in the south of the Netherlands are Holland and Zeeland.

In the 16th century, most of the wool textile industry, fishery, shipbuilding, rope making, sail making and other industries in these areas adopted capitalist methods of operation. Beer merchants in Delft, Dordremet and other cities turned farmers into targets of their own exploitation through loan contracts and advance payments.

Amsterdam gradually specialized in Baltic Sea business. The feudal relations in southern rural areas have always been weak, and the aristocracy soon began to use capitalist methods to manage land.

After Charles V ascended the throne in 1516, he began to rule the Netherlands, which is the contemporary Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and southwestern France. The main obstacle to the development of capitalism in the Netherlands was the suppression and emancipation of the Spanish imperialist democratic system. Half of Spain's treasury revenue comes from the Netherlands.

Philip II suppressed the capitalist economy of the Netherlands by refusing to pay national debts, raising taxes on Spanish wool imports, restricting Dutch traders from entering Spanish ports, and prohibiting them from trading with Spanish territories. , causing manual factories to close and workers to lose their jobs.

Another manifestation of Spanish democracy is the church. Carlos I once established the Inquisition in Netherland and issued the "Bloody Edict" to punish the Protestants. Philip II strengthened the power of the church, ordered the Governor of the Netherlands to obey the opinions of the church leader Grenville on all major matters, and refused to withdraw Spanish troops from all parts of the Netherlands.

After the religious reform movement occurred in Europe, the teachings of Martin Luther, Calvin and other sects were introduced into the Netherlands, which set off an opposition to Charles with the nobles and the general public as the main forces. The fifth generation started a wave of democracy.