The consequences of the war in Yisi and Baxi

The "Yisibaxi War" that lasted for 10 years seriously damaged the social order, economic production and people's lives in the coastal areas of Fu, Xing and Quan, and Quanzhou was particularly seriously affected. Quanzhou was the outbreak point of the war. "Beyond the county town, there was a war zone" ("Daoyi Zhilue·Wu Jianxu"). Agricultural production was severely damaged, causing poverty and hunger among the people, and an unprecedented tragedy of "cannibalism" occurred.

At that time, Dagui, an eminent monk of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, described vividly and truly in his "Mengguanji: My County" (see "Quanzhou People's List: Dagui" and "Quannan's Works: Mengguanji"): "My County I have never heard of such a cannibalism in the Buddhist country. In the bad years, the mentality has changed. How can the customs be the same as in the past? There are real tigers in the city, and the animals and spirits still eat meat without enough food. The people of Quanzhou were oppressed by the Pu Shougeng family and ravaged by the "Yisi-Baxi War". During the war, the Yisi-Baxi Army killed many Han people in Puxian and Quanzhou counties along the coast of Fujian. It caused great damage to the social economy in Quanzhou and Xinghua. The people suffered from wars and numerous casualties. Especially during Nawuna's rule in Quanzhou, they looted property and raped Han women, massacred the Han people in Quanzhou, and caused heavy damage to Quanzhou society. . During the counter-insurgency war and after the chaos, the national sentiment of revenge was aroused, resulting in the retribution of many Arab and Persian businessmen, lawless missionaries and thugs in Quanzhou.

"The Genealogy of the Jin Family in Qingyuan·Lishi" states: "This is a battle. All people from the Western Regions will be wiped out. Those with beards and high noses who are accidentally killed will be executed behind closed doors for three days." They were all naked and facing the west... They were all punished with five punishments and abandoned in a pig trough." "Qingyuan Jin Family Genealogy·Li Shi" also records that in the seventh year of Hongwu, Ming Dynasty. In view of the "Yisi Ba Xi" disaster, Taizu specifically stipulated in the edict of amnesty for the world: "The remaining members of the Dupu family will be imprisoned by the army and will never be able to obtain official status." Zhang Xingxang believes that Yisi Baxi "is a title of Fan, not a name." (Zhang Xingxang, "Compilation of Historical Materials on Sino-Western Transportation·Volume 4·Transportation between Ancient China and Yilan", Part One of the Fu Jen Catholic University Series, 1936)

Historians have different opinions on the meaning of "Yisi Baxi" in Yisiba Xijun's name. Some people think that Yisibaxi comes from the Persian "?" (sepamp; acirc; h), which means militia and cavalry, or is a derivative thereof. It may also mean "voluntary soldiers" in Persian, which is different from Regular troops.

Zhu Weiqian's "The Rebellion in Quanzhou and Quanzhou" (Quanzhou Literature and History, Issue 1, 1979), Zhu Weiqian's "Foreign Rebellion and the Decline of Quanzhou Port in the Late Yuan Dynasty" (Quanzhou Literature and History, Fourth issue, 1980) believes that Yisbaxi is the famous Persian city of Yisfahan, which is the ancient Persian city "Isfahan" southeast of Tehran, the capital of Iran today. In 1953, Japanese scholar Maejima Shinji believed that "Yisibashi" is a word derived from the Persian "Yisiding" (meaning "army"), and it is likely to be "Yisibashi Quanzhou" (ISpah-i-ehuanchou), related to the word "Sipahi" meaning "soldier" or "cavalry". (Japanese Maejima Shinji's "Muslims in Quanzhou at the end of the Yuan Dynasty", Toyo Bunko English Chronicles Volume 32, 1974 edition)

According to the Persian dictionary, Noor's article "Isi Baxi" is Yisibaxi is the Persian "Yisibahe" and "Basihe", which means militia and cavalry. ("Selected Papers on Islamic Research in Quanzhou") Wu Youxiong's "On the Yisibaxi War in Quanzhou at the End of the Yuan Dynasty" believes that: "The so-called 'rebels' are local armed forces formed based on temporary needs to defend the Yuan Dynasty government" and are "rural forces". soldiers, militia and the like." "The meaning of 'yibing' is similar to the meaning of 'Yisibahxi' in Persian. It is known that the so-called 'Yisibahxi' is the transliteration of Persian, and the so-called 'Yisibahxi war chaos' is derived from the Persian "Volunteers" led by Wanhu Saifuddin, Amiriddin and others joined the war. "(Compiled by Chinese Institute of Navigation and Quanzhou Municipal Government: "Quanzhou Port and Maritime Silk Road", China Social Sciences Press, September 2002)

Chen Dasheng also agrees with the theory of "volunteers".

Citing Maeshima Shinji's research, he pointed out that the foreign transliteration of "Yisibashi" refers to the title of the army with Muslims living in Quanzhou as the main force. It is also verified that "Yisibahxi" is a Persian loanword in Arabic, which has three meanings, namely: militia, volunteers, knights, special forces knights, and special forces cavalry. The "volunteers" are militia and rural soldiers temporarily formed by the Yuan Dynasty according to needs, which are different from regular troops. (Chen Dasheng's "A Quiz on the Name of "Yisi Baxi"", paper of Quanzhou Historical Research Academic Symposium, 1982 mimeographed version)