The Original Text and Translation of Preface to Xiangshan Anthology

The original text and translation of Xiangshan Anthology are as follows

original text

The study of saints is also the study of mind and nature. Yao, Shun and Yu gave and received words: "The human heart is only in danger, but the heart is only small, only refined and tolerant of its loyalty." The source of this psychology is also. "Zhong" is also called "Dao Xin"; Morality is called benevolence and loyalty.

The study of Confucius and Mencius only focused on "seeking benevolence", covering the Biography of Jing Yi. At that time, the disadvantages were external seekers, so Zi Gong suspected that he learned more and learned more, and the benevolent gave it to the masses. The master called him "harmony", but taught him "to be close to the water and get the moon first" and asked him to answer himself. In the Montessori era, the Mohist school's words were benevolence and righteousness, while those who told their sons were "benevolent at home and righteous at home".

Bad thinking. Mencius put forward the theory of "external meaning" and said: "Benevolence has people's hearts. If there is no other way to learn, please rest assured. " He also said: "Benevolence, courtesy and wisdom do not come from the outside. I am inner, I am full of it. "

Gai Wang Dao takes a break (bà), and utilitarian people fake the approximation of justice to help their own interests, but bully others and say, "Justice is so solid." I don't know if there is a "heart", but what is the so-called "justice"? Naturally, the analysis of "mind" and "reason" becomes two, and the study of "Jing Yi" dies out.

The fragmentation of Confucianism lies in ending with several charges to clarify its so-called "physics." I didn't know my heart was physics, and there was nothing false at first. The emptiness and old age of Buddhists abandoned their normal human relations in order to understand what they called "my heart". I don't know that physics is my heart, and I can't get it without it.

It was not until the second sons of Song, Zhou and Cheng resumed their pursuit of Confucius and Yan Zhizong that they came up with the theory of "Tai Chi is boundless" and "righteousness is the principle of quietness", and the theory of "movement is also determined, quietness is also determined, internal and external are uncertain, and the meeting will not be", with the purpose of "refinement".

Naturally, there is also Lujia in Xiangshan. Although its purity and harmony are beyond the grasp of the second son, it is simple and straightforward, which is indeed related to the biography of Mencius. His opinions are different from time to time, but his temperament and opinions are different, and if he wants to learn, he must seek all kinds of people's hearts, which is just one of them. So I have tasted "the study of Lu, the study of Meng".

On the other hand, those who talk about the world despise Zen because of their similarities and differences with Hui Weng. Fu Chan's theory, abandoning human relations and leaving physics, wants it to return to the extreme, not for the world and the country, but for the study of Gou Lu, so it is Zen. Today's Zen theory and Lu's theory, whose book exists, are different from scholars' books and irrefutable.

While Gu Yi advocates group peace, chāo says the same thing, just like a dwarf watching the field, laughing at his sadness, listening to his ears and seeing his eyes, isn't it expensive? Those who "don't talk, don't ask your heart" are so embarrassed! Husband is different. Every time he starts from winning people's hearts, he is an old habit but has his own opinions. Therefore, if you win the hearts of the people, and the ambition of the old is a disaster, there is nothing the saints can do.

Fu Shouli Mao Yuanshi County will reprint Xiangshan Anthology, but please make a word difference. What can you say? Only those who have read Mr. Wang's article will know the beauty and evil of the entrance bran (kāng, bǐ) in order to avoid learning old habits and give their own opinions first.

translate

The understanding of saints is the study of the mind. The mentality of the sages Yao, Shun and Yu, who come down in the same strain, is: "The human heart is only in danger, the heart is only in micro, and there is only one essence, so let it not wake up." This sentence is the source of psychology. "Zhong" here means "Dao Xin". The essence of Tao is called "benevolence", which is the so-called "middle".

The study of Confucius and Mencius is only devoted to "seeking benevolence", which is the inheritance of Jing Yi's thought. At that time, there was a problem of seeking outward, so Zi Gong doubted the statement of "learning more". He believes that only "giving to others" can be regarded as "benevolence". Confucius told him the truth of "consistency" and taught him the method of "drawing inferences from others". This is what Confucius taught him to seek from his own heart.

By the time of Mencius, Mozi said that "benevolence" meant "intransigence", while those who accused their children said that "benevolence is inside, righteousness is outside". By this time, the theory of mind has declined. Mencius refuted Gao Zi's view of "external meaning". He said: "Benevolence has a heart. If there is no other way to learn, please rest assured. " He also said: "I am not from the outside, but from the inside."

The kingship is declining and hegemony is becoming more and more popular. People who pursue utility, under the banner of justice, satisfy their own selfish desires. In order to deceive others, they also said that "justice is like this". These people don't know that their "heart" is gone. Where is the so-called "justice" Since then, "mind" and "reason" have split into two, and the knowledge of "only essence and uniqueness" has disappeared.

Scholars' knowledge is fragmented, and they seek to explore the details of the names of crime words and the number of ritual vessels in order to understand the so-called "physics." They don't know that "my mind is physics", and they don't need to borrow it from the outside world from the beginning. The knowledge of Buddhism and Taoism fell into emptiness again. They want to understand the so-called "my heart" by abandoning the ethics of things, but they don't know that "physics is my heart" and the ethics of things can't be abandoned.

In the Song Dynasty, Zhou Zi and Cheng Zi began to re-explore the learning roots of Confucius and Yan Zi, and then put forward the theories of "infinite Tai Chi", "righteousness is the key to quietness" and "movement is the key, and there is nothing inside but nothing outside, and nothing to welcome". These statements are very close to the purpose of "Jing Yi".

After that, Lu Xiangshan's theory rose again. Although it is not as pure and peaceful as Mr. Zhou and Mr. Cheng Er, it is extremely simple and direct, which can really be said to be a direct inheritance of Mencius' mentality. His expression of speech is often different from that of Mencius, because his temperament and opinions are different, and the focus of his learning is to seek from the heart, which is completely consistent with Mencius. So I once asserted that "the study of Lu is the study of Meng".

Because of the difference between Lu Xiangshan's theory and Hui Weng's theory, people who criticize Lu's scholarship in society regard his scholarship as "Zen". However, Zen is a physics that requires people to abandon human relations. Judging from the final result, it cannot be used to govern the country. If the study of Lu is really like this, it should be regarded as "Zen".

But today, "Zen" and Lu's theory have their own works, and scholars can naturally understand them as long as they hold them. There is no need to argue about their differences. Now, like a busy dwarf, I am blocked by people and don't know where the laughter comes from.

Isn't this a mistake of emphasizing what he heard and ignoring what he saw, a complaint of "don't talk, don't ask your heart" The so-called "being different" is related to people's winning heart, being content with old habits and sticking to their own opinions. Therefore, the problems brought by the old habit of winning people's hearts, even saints, are sometimes inevitable.

Li Maoyuan, the magistrate of Fuzhou, wanted to reprint Lu Xiangshan's collected works and asked me to make a preface. Actually, I don't need to say anything more. I only hope that when reading Mr. Lu Xiangshan's article, you must make demands in your mind and don't put old habits and opinions ahead. In this way, the quality of Lu's knowledge, like the difference between chaff and polished rice, can be known as soon as you enter the door.