Historical events in 1444

During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, it was stipulated that there should be no more than three Japanese ships for North Korean workers, no more than 300 people and no more weapons. At first, the Japanese were bound, but they soon failed to pay tribute as scheduled. They often went to the coastal areas with full weapons and took the opportunity to invade and slaughter coastal soldiers and civilians. In April of the fourth year of the Orthodox Church (1439), more than 40 Japanese ships broke through Taizhou, Tao Zhu, Ningbo and Dasong successively, captured Changguowei and were completely annihilated. Yingzong issued a letter to strengthen coastal garrison and killed 36 shipwrecked officers. Later, coastal anti-Japanese officials were added.

Lujiang Zhijie

After the defeat of Mu Sheng in the fourth year of orthodoxy (1439) in the first month, Siren became more and more rampant, constantly attacking and plundering, committing the crimes of JD.COM and Park Mengding, killing Da Houzhou knowing to serve the Han people, and threatening Menglian and other companies to surrender. On the third day of May, the Ming court took Mu Ang, the right commander, as the south general, as the company commander, and Wu Liang, the right commander, as the deputy company commander, and once again conquered Si Renfa. My failure in Lujiang was rewarded.

Reopening Fujian Zhejiang Silver Mine

In the last years of Hongwu, Wenzhou, Chuzhou (now Lishui, Zhejiang) and Pucheng, Fujian all had silver yards, and their taxes were levied every year. Later, Fujian's age increased to more than 32 thousand, and Zhejiang increased to more than 82 thousand The soil fertility is exhausted and the people are miserable. Yingzong acceded to the throne, and the imperial edict closed the pit, but there were still refugees who privately opened silver mines. So Fujian participated in the political participation, Zhejiang participated in Yu's political participation, and invited to reopen the silver market, so that the profits were attributed to the "mine thief" and died. In the next chapter, the three departments discuss the insistence of Xuanqi, the provincial judge of Zhejiang Province. He said: reopening the silver market is only a temporary benefit, and hundreds of devices come from the private sector. Fear of departmental interference is particularly serious. It is better to choose officials and observe the code, strictly prohibit arrest, and steal from the decline. The court couldn't talk about the silver mine. In the autumn and July of the ninth year of orthodoxy (1444), thousands of refugees from Chuzhou and other places, led by Ye and Chen Jianhu, went to Fuan County, Fujian Province to mine for a living. Fujian Senate led the loyalist to round up and was killed by Ye. The ranks of rebels are growing day by day. On the first day of leap July, Emperor Yingzong ordered Wang Zhi, the right assistant minister of the household department, to go to Fujian and Zhejiang to reopen the silver market. Therefore, the annual ban silver in Fujian is more than 2 1 120, and the annual ban silver in Zhejiang is more than 4 1070. Although Gai was halved compared with Xuande's reign, it was only ten times that of Hongwu. As for internal and external officials, the cost of providing 100 million yuan is far more than public tax. Later, the people became poorer and poorer, and the peasant uprising in Fujian and Zhejiang became more and more fierce.

Revision of the case of civil and military officials being punished for taking bribes and bending the law

On the eighth day of August in the ninth year of orthodoxy (1444), Shi Yue and others in Qing Yu, Dali made a statement: According to the old practice, if a civilian is forced to do a slam because of excessive money, then all his atonement for the slam is for the people. Wu Zhi has been an official all his life, and now he is expelled from the army for walking with a stick. All his previous efforts were in vain. And crime is more important than civilians. Please let Wu Zhi be expelled from the army when he was killed by a grand slam, and the rest who were not used as crutches by a grand slam should be redeemed as before. It is not only preferential treatment for military attache, but also lenient punishment. The British Sect approved the implementation.

Yingzong ordered the general to patrol the border.

According to the old system, Ningxia border guards changed shifts every six months. Later, there were many border affairs, which were changed every three years. In order to prevent the winter war, the selection of soldiers was increased, which led to the growing fatigue of the sergeant in a border family of five or six. Wang Ji invited a class once a year, which arrived in October of the contemporary era and was sent back in the first month of the following year, so that the troops would not have to work hard to prepare. Yingzong thought it was good, so he ordered Jing Yuanji and Duyushi Chen Ying to inspect the Yansui border defense in Ningxia and Gansu on September 12, the ninth year of Orthodox Church (1444) and listen to their cameras.

Suzhou Songjiang Changzhou and other megatrends

In the ninth year of orthodoxy (1444), Suzhou mansion was stormy, and the flat land spread over several feet. Taihu Lake is one or two feet high. There are no houses for people and animals along the lake, and there are endless fishing boats. Songjiang is stormy, the lake and the sea are surging, and people are floating in the whole village near the sea. Yixing gale is unplugged and overflows more than a thousand. /kloc-in 0/2 months, it snowed heavily for seven days and seven nights in Songjiang prefecture, accumulating a foot or two, and residents were not allowed to enter or leave.

Guo Chun is dead.

Guo Chun (1370- 1444) was originally named Wentong, so he took Wentong as his word and was named Pu 'an, a native of Yongjia, Zhejiang. With fine painting, you can do whatever you want. In the first year of Hongxi (1425), he was promoted to the cabinet. Landscape graduate students are luxuriant and densely distributed. Those who talk about Xia Xuan and Ma Yuan are not reprimanded, saying, "This is the leftover water from Canshan, which belongs to the Song Dynasty. What can we do? " A painting purely dedicated to the imperial court, admired by Xuanzong, is not just a pen, but death, saying, "Painful books and happy paintings. I would rather die than care. " Xuanzong is Zhai Wei. At the age of 75. Donghai Ji, Shandong Diary, Continued Painting Treasure, Silent Poetry History, Painting History Society, Ming Painting Record.

Yang Shiqi is dead.

Yang Shiqi (1364- 1444) was born in Taihe, Jiangxi. At the beginning of Wen Jianchu, he summoned Confucian scholars to revise A Record of Taizu, served as editor, participated in the trial and remained a librarian. Chengzu acceded to the throne, adapted. Jane joined the cabinet again, was in charge of maintenance, and entered the lecture hall a few months later. In the fifth year of Yongle (1407), he entered Zuo Yude. Shi Qi is very serious about his work. He never talks about business in private. He is respectful, cautious and good at dealing with it. He said the prince was very filial. In the fifteenth year of Yongle, he moved to Hanlin as a former official. Injong acceded to the throne and was promoted to assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites and a university student of Gai Hua Temple. Soon, he joined Shaobao and Shaofu and served as the president of Taizong Huiji. Xuanzong acceded to the throne, revised a record of Renzong, and remained president. In the first year of Xuande (1426), Hanwang was arrogant. Someone wants to offend the Prince of Zhao so that Prince Zhao Can can be saved. Emperor Yingzong acceded to the throne, and the Queen Mother recommended Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu. All three people were invited to consult and make a ruling. After three years of orthodoxy (1438), he completed the Record of Xuanzong and entered Shao Shi. Because eunuch Wang Zhen was in favor, he made a great contribution to Wei Fu, and everyone was afraid of courtiers, which Shi Qi could not control. Yu Zhengjiao died on March 14th in the ninth year (1444) at the age of eighty. Give it to the teacher, Shi Wenzhen. There are Sanjin Incense, Duilu, Memories of Famous Officials in Past Dynasties, Bibliography of Wen Yuan Pavilion and Jidong Liji.

Zheng Chen returned home.

Zheng Chen (? -1444), word, Zhejiang Anren. Yongle four years (1406) Jinshi. Give supervision and advice. During the Yongle period, he made many missions and made remarkable achievements. In the sixteenth year of Yongle (14 18), he surpassed Shanxi as a provincial judge to punish corruption and protect the people, and his popularity increased gradually. Xuande for three years (1428) was called the right assistant minister of Nanjing Ministry of Industry. Yingzong acceded to the throne and went to Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, which was noticed by incompetent officials. In the second year of Zheng Tong (1437), he was ordered to relieve the hunger of Nanji. He was transferred back to Beijing as the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War and transferred to Hunan and Datong. After eight years of orthodoxy, he became an official when he got wind disease. Orthodox died nine years ago. Zheng Chen was an upright minister in the Ming Dynasty. He valued righteousness over profit.

Zhu Yong, etc.

On the 11th day of the first month of the ninth year of orthodoxy (1444), Yingzong angrily invaded Liaodong, ordered lord protector and Zhu Yong to send troops to xifengkou, and Xu Henry, Xing 'an and eunuch Cao Jixiang went out to Lingkou, while the commander-in-chief Chen Huaitong lived in Gubeikou, and the eunuch Ma Liang and the commander-in-chief Liu Yongcheng went out to Liujiakou. Ten thousand elite soldiers from each faction fought with the leader of Feisha Wei in Erkun, and Taining Wei was defeated. Valla split again, and the state of Wei in Jianzhou also sent troops to attack it, and there was a great disaster for the three guards. Soon, several reports of conquering Wulianghajie spread frequently. But there is no great achievement, just catching those who disturb the border and retaking the people and animals plundered by them. However, since then, the people who patrol the border have been invited to reward them with their achievements. There is no limit to the resentment of the three guards, and they are willing to be the teacher of Vala first.

Xinjian taixuecheng

Imperial academy inherited from the Yuan Dynasty and was very humble. Li Xian, the official minister, once said: Since the capital was established, imperial academy has become increasingly deserted, but Buddhist temples have been rebuilt from time to time. How does it show the world? Please train imperial academy at the expense of the Buddhist temple. Li Shimin also said. Yingzong began to build a new imperial academy by imperial edict. Nine years of orthodoxy (1444) was completed in February. On the first day of March, Yingzong personally drove to imperial academy, where he gave Confucius a drink. Li Shimian went to the lecture hall to talk about Shangshu, with clear words. Yingzong was very happy and gave a lot.

Huang Zongzai passed away

Huang Zongzai (1365- 1444) is a rich man from Fengcheng, Jiangxi. In the thirty years of Hongwu (1397), he was a scholar. Teach pedestrians. I have served in all directions and never received feedback, so I jumped ship and went to the company. At the beginning of Yongle, Hu Guang took recommendation as the supervisor. Soon, Zheng Yi revised the Yongle Grand Ceremony in Wen Yuan Pavilion. When the book is finished, it will be returned. Illegally sitting and not lifting, he was demoted to work in Yang Qing. Soon after, it was used as a suggestion to cross toes. Just in time, the luggage was bare and nothing was brought. In the first year of Hongxi (1425), he served as assistant minister of Nanjing official department. In the first year of Xuande (1426), he was ordered to clear the army in Zhejiang. Into the official department of Nanjing Shangshu. Orthodox eight years (1443) became an official in May, and died at home in July of nine years. 79 years old. It is very important for doctors or officials to maintain integrity, not overcorrect, and look forward to learning and articles.

The disadvantages of learning from others.

On the ninth day of July in the ninth year of orthodox religion (1444), Ji Cheng, the ancient Taoist priest in Yunnan, showed the following performances: learn from others and do practical things. Today, when it comes to opening a branch in Zhili, there are many fakes. The disadvantages of having a ghostwriter, whether as a student or a scholar, are not limited to one end. Begging for a ministerial meeting will be held in the future, so that it is suggested that strict examinations be taken in various places, so that those who have learned well can take exams without committing crimes. In Beijing, if you call them cadets, government officials, messengers, etc. It's not up to the school or the exam. In the meantime, there are all kinds of thieves and writers. These people are not allowed to take the exam as a whole. In order to get rid of the running wind. After reading the imperial edict, Yingzong said: The road to seeking talents cannot be blocked, and students, Confucian scholars and soldiers also let the prefect school take part in the imperial examination. Official code, undertaker, etc. All of them have been strictly examined by the Ministry of Ritual. If they have not broken the law, they are allowed to take the exam. They still moved to the original place to investigate the facts. If there is fraud, they will not be guilty.

Exempt Shaanxi from disaster tax grain

On the fourth day of August in the ninth year of orthodoxy (1444), Chen Yi, who was guarding the right capital of Shaanxi, said: It didn't rain for several months in Shaanxi, and wheat and rice were injured. The weak among the people plunder men and women, while the strong plunder. I sent food relief, redeemed 4000 men and women, and captured 1700 looters. Many of them have not been redeemed. Begging for tax exemption of four points this year, the remaining six are distributed. Yingzong allowed it, and * * * counted 486,000 stones.

Tan Guang is dead.

Tan Guang (1362- 1444) is a Dantu. Hong took Jinshan from Zhu Yuanzhang and guarded hundreds of households in Yanshan. From the beginning of Chengzu, he began to make meritorious deeds, moved his command repeatedly and stayed in Baoding. In the ninth year of Yongle (14 1 1), he was responsible for building Beijing as the capital of Dadou. Then he was in charge of the Shenji camp, marching north from Chengzu, and taking meritorious service as the governor. Renzong succeeded to the throne, and he was the leader of Zuodu, and the town announced the government. In the early years of orthodoxy, the scheme on the map was adopted. After six years of orthodoxy (144 1), it was named Yongningbo, and it is still declared in the town. Orthodox nine years, recalled in October, died in June. In 1982, Shi Xiangyi. Tan Guang spent 20 years in Fu Xuan, building bunkers, strictly guarding them, increasing posthumous title, and demanding that firearms be rewarded everywhere. Kindly care for the foot soldiers, be a generation of famous soldiers.

Zhao An is dead.

Zhao An (? -1444), a Taoist. During the Yongle period, from Chengzu to the north, he made many meritorious deeds, and the progressive generals all knew each other. Xuande two years (1427), from the company commander Chen Huai pingding Songpan to the governor's office. I went to Zang and returned with Liu Bei for four years. After nine years of Xuande, he started to beg Ron Artest and Bud, and suffered a crushing defeat. In the first year of orthodoxy (1436), he served as deputy company commander and Gansu garrison. Orthodox three years, Wang Ji, Gui Jiang and others suited the Northern Expedition, citing thirty people, such as Mongolian Youcheng and a great scholar Huachi, to seal Chuanbo. Move to Liangzhou next year. Zhao An is brave and good at fighting, and he, together with Gui Jiang and Ren Li, is called a good soldier in the west. Orthodox died in December of nine years.