In ancient times, marriage was the usual way of diplomacy between the two countries. What kind of princesses are there in history?

Princess Xijun: The first princess to go to the Western Regions.

When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was attacked by Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, Xiongnu left Mobei. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted circuitous tactics, actively explored the western regions, and implemented the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near" to unite the countries in the western regions to attack the Xiongnu. The powerful Wusunguo became the main target of the Han Dynasty.

Wusunguo once lived near Qilian Mountain, and was later driven by Xiongnu to Wensu and Yining in Xinjiang, and has always been at odds with Xiongnu. So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent an envoy to Wusunguo, expressing his willingness to send the princess to get married, becoming a brotherly bond and making the Huns. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (BC 105), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made Xijun, the daughter of King Jiangdu, a princess and married King Kunmo of Wusun State. Xi Jun is beautiful in appearance and noble in temperament. Wu Sun Wang Daxi made her the right lady. But Xiongnu Khan also tried his best to win over Wusun, and Kunmo was forced to marry a Xiongnu princess as his left wife.

A gentleman who grew up in a boudoir and lived a luxurious life is naturally inferior to the Xiongnu princess in adapting to life beyond the Great Wall. Xiongnu princess bows and arrows, riding horses and whipping grasslands. Princess Xijun, on the other hand, lived like a year, and could only turn her sadness into a lament, holding the pipa all day to tell her homesickness.

Two years later, Cuomo was very ill. Because his son died, his grandson Cenwei succeeded to the throne. According to local customs, children and grandchildren should inherit their grandfather's wives and concubines. Princess Xijun couldn't accept it and asked Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to return to China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty replied: "In other countries, follow its customs." In desperation, Princess Xijun had to endure humiliation and remarry with Cen. Three years later, Xijun gave birth to a daughter for Cenwei, and finally died of postpartum disorder, anxiety and grief.

Princess You Jie: The most important pro-princess in the history of China.

About 65438 BC+004 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Princess You Jie, the daughter of Liu Wu, the king of Chu, to marry Wusun Wang Cen.

After the sudden death of Cenwei, the throne was inherited by Cenwei's brother Weng Guimi, who was obese and was called "Fat King" by Wusun. According to custom, the fat king got married to relieve his worries. Because of their congenial temperament, they had an unusual love for the fat king, and gave birth to three princes: Yuan Guimi, Wan Nian and Da Le. Fat king is very careful to solve his worries. Listening to every word he says has also brought the close relationship between Han Ting and Wu Sunguo, and the envoys of both sides are still on the way. This greatly angered the Huns Khan, and the relationship between the two sides was tense and explosive.

In 7 1 year BC, Huns Khan sent troops to threaten Wusunguo, asking it to give Princess You Jie and sever all relations with Hanting. Facing the bullying of Xiongnu, Fat King was furious and sent messengers to invite the Han Dynasty to send troops to attack Xiongnu. The Han dynasty immediately divided the soldiers into five attacks, and sent people to Wusun to supervise the war. The Xiongnu suffered a crushing defeat, and the northern frontier of the Han Dynasty remained stable for a long time. The relationship between Han Ting and Wu Sun is also closer, and the position of relieving anxiety is in full swing.

Later, the fat king fell ill, and the throne returned to Cenwei's son. Cenwei was called the "mad king" because of his tyrannical heaven. Solve your worries and marry the mad king. Later, there was civil strife in the royal family, and the Han Dynasty sent troops into Wusun for military intervention, which calmed the civil strife and made Yuan Guimi, the eldest son, king.

Princess You Jie married Wusun in the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and lived in the Western Regions for more than 50 years. After his eldest son and youngest son died of illness one after another, he wrote to Xuan Di saying, "I miss my hometown when I am old, and I hope my bones can return to the Han Dynasty.". It's so touching that Xuan Di sent someone to pick her up. In the third year of Ganlu (5 1 BC), the 70-year-old anxiety finally returned to Chang 'an.

Zhaojun: the kindest and dearest princess

Wang Zhaojun was born in 52 BC in Zigui County, Nanjun County. He is beautiful, smart and proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. In 36 BC, he was called into the palace, but he refused to bribe the painter Mao Yanshou and missed the opportunity to meet the emperor of the Han Dynasty. He was exiled to the cold palace for three years.

After nearly 30 years of infighting, the Xiongnu in the north, with the help of the Han Dynasty, quelled the civil strife in Uhaanyehe in 36 BC. In order to close the relationship between the two sides, in 33 BC, Uhaanyehe personally entered the Han Dynasty and asked for a kiss to establish a permanent friendship. Emperor Han Yuan readily agreed to convene concubines in the harem to discuss the marriage, and Wang Zhaojun volunteered. Yuan Di gave her a batch of valuables, such as brocade, silk, jade and so on, and personally delivered them from Chang 'an more than ten miles away.

Zhaojun left Chang 'an for more than a year and arrived in Mobei in the early summer of the following year. He was warmly welcomed by the Xiongnu people and was named "Hu Ning Yu Shi". After Zhaojun left the fortress, the Han and Hungarian nationalities were United and harmonious, and the border was peaceful. Unfortunately, Zhao Jun and Khan died only two years after their marriage, and the son they gave birth to was called a dentist. According to custom, Wang Zhaojun must marry Uhaanyehe No.1 Shi Yu's eldest son, Tao Mogao Khan. Although Wang Zhaojun couldn't accept it, he married according to Hu custom and gave birth to two daughters, namely Shu Fei and Fei Fei. In 20 BC, Diao Tamoga died again, and Zhaojun was widowed. A year later, Wang Zhaojun, who was only 33 years old, died of depression and was buried in Guihua (now the southern suburb of Hohhot), next to Daqingshan and the Yellow River. Later, he was called "Qingling".

In the decades after Wang Zhaojun left the fortress, the Han and Hungarians lived in harmony, enabling the people suffering from war to live a stable and peaceful life. Wang Zhaojun is also deeply loved by the people of the two nationalities.

Princess Wencheng: The kissing princess who left a long story.

Tubo people are the ancestors of Tibetans and have lived a nomadic life in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for a long time. At the beginning of the 7th century, Songzan Gambo, an outstanding leader of Tubo, made great contributions to the Tibetan people, unified many tribes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and established a powerful slavery regime, with Luodian (now Lhasa) as its capital. Songzan Gambu loved the advanced culture of the Tang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 634), the first envoys were sent to visit Chang 'an, and Tang also sent envoys to pay a return visit to Tubo. Later, Songzan Gambu sent several close ministers to Chang 'an with precious gifts to propose marriage, but Emperor Taizong refused.

In 640 AD, Song Zan Gambu Daxiang (Prime Minister) Lu Dongzan proposed to Chang 'an again with 100 people preparing 5200 gold and hundreds of treasures. Emperor Taizong finally agreed to marry Princess Wencheng, a female imperial clan. In 64 1 year, Princess Wencheng entered Tibet with a generous dowry, seeds of grain, fruits and vegetables, medicinal materials, silkworm eggs, a large number of books on medicine, tree planting, engineering technology, astronomical calendar and many craftsmen. Songzan Gambu met him in Bohai with a large group of people and held a grand wedding there. Songzan Gambu also built a castle and palace for the princess according to the architectural format of the Tang Dynasty.

Princess Wencheng lived in Tubo for forty years, and made great contributions to the friendly exchanges between the Chinese and Tibetan people and the economic and cultural development of Tibet. Her deeds were put into Tibetan opera performances by later generations. Statues of Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng are still enshrined in Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, and her marriage has become a legend.

Princess qi: the cleverest pro-princess in history

When the Jin Dynasty fought the Liao Dynasty, it borrowed soldiers from Mongolia and promised to give a large reward after the demise of the Liao Dynasty. However, the rulers failed to keep their promises, which made Mongolian ministries hate the nuzhen nobles, so Mongolia often sent troops to attack the rulers.

In March of the second year of Zhenyou (12 14), Genghis Khan led his troops to attack Zhongdu (now Beijing, then the capital of Jin State), stationed in the northern suburbs of Zhongdu, and besieged the rulers. The Jin people were besieged by the Mongols in Zhongdu. In desperation, Emperor Xuanzong of Jin had to make peace with Mongolia and accept Genghis Khan's withdrawal conditions, one of which was to ask Princess Guo Xu to marry him and his relatives. Genghis Khan sent messengers to the city to choose a bride.

At that time, among the daughters of emperors in the Jin Dynasty, seven princesses were unmarried. After discussion, it was decided to marry Qi Country Princess to Mongolia.

The ruler rushed to send the princess to get married with the feeling of letting the Mongols withdraw their troops quickly.

When Qi Country Princess arrived in the grassland, the Mongols were very happy, because his Khan married the daughter of the former sovereign emperor, and the princess respected the customs of Khan and the Mongols. Therefore, all Mongolians regard Qi Country Princess as the "Princess Queen".

Soon, Princess Qi was made queen by Genghis Khan, and fought against Genghis Khan. At that time, countries, tribes and large areas in the western regions and Central Asia were conquered by Genghis Khan. When they congratulated each other at the dinner table, they all called Qi Country Princess by his first name and Genghis Khan, saying that Qi Country Princess was as famous as Genghis Khan at that time. This is an honor that neither previous dynasties nor princesses can enjoy.