Appreciation and translation of the Book of Songs "Xiaoya·Lu Ming Zhi Shi·Yu Li"

A gentleman has wine and many purposes.

The most beautiful fish is the bream and snakehead fish. A gentleman has wine, and he has plenty of it.

The fish is more beautiful than the Yi, the turtle and the carp. A gentleman has wine and a purpose.

There are many things, so keep them beautiful! Things have their purpose, and keep them together! Things have their existence, and keep their time!

"Xiaoya Lu Ming" Translation of "Zhi Shi·Fish Li"

The fish got into the bamboo baskets and swam together, with plump yellow cheeks and small blowing sand. The enthusiastic host has plenty of wine. Not only is the wine delicious, but the banquet is also large!

The fish got into the bamboo baskets and swam together, each with a plump bream and black fish. The enthusiastic host entertains guests with fine wine, not only the banquet is sumptuous, but the wine is mellow!

The fish invite their friends to crawl into the bamboo cage, the catfish swims fast and the carp jumps happily. The hospitable host has fine wines, which are not only delicious but also full of delicacies!

The richness of the food is wonderful, and the quality is very good. The food is delicious and delicious, and all kinds of food are available. The food is all available and served in a timely manner.

Comments on "Xiaoya·Lu Ming Zhi Shi·Yu Li"

Li (lí): suffer the same fate, meaning encounter. "Book of Poems": "Beautiful, calendar." Use the extended meaning.

綶(lǐu): A fishing tool, also called a 笱, made of bamboo with a braided rope as the bottom, so that fish can enter but cannot come out.

鲲(cháng): yellow cheek fish. Shark: Also known as 馭, it is a small fish that can blow sand, like a crucian carp but smaller.

Purpose: Delicious.

Fáng: bream, with small and delicious scales. Snakehead (lǐ): commonly known as black fish.

鰋(yǎn): Commonly known as catfish, it has a smooth body and no scales.

奕(xié): complete.

There are: many.

Time: timely.

Appreciation of "Xiaoya·Lu Ming Zhi Shi·Fish Li"

This poem praises the delicious food and wine during the feast, showing that the harvest is abundant and the host is hospitable to the guests. The scene where the host and guest are enjoying each other. The "gentleman" referred to in the poem is a complimentary name given to the host by the guests.

The six chapters of the poem show the joyful atmosphere. While praising the abundance of food and wine, the poem goes on to praise the abundance of food and drink in the last three chapters, so that during the banquet, the guests and hosts can enjoy themselves to the fullest. The first three chapters and four sentences of the poem all start with "fish beauty", specifically praising the host's sumptuous banquet and thoughtful courtesy. It can be said that it is the main part of the whole poem. The poet writes about fish and wine, but does not write the entire scene of the banquet. The large variety of fish implies the richness of other dishes; the large number and taste of wine indicate the grand occasion of the banquet in which the guests and hosts enjoy themselves. There are many kinds of fish, and the details are endless. When it comes to drinking, it is more general. This way of writing is carefully chosen. During the Zhou Dynasty, my country entered an agricultural society, and agriculture developed considerably. Not only crops were cultivated, but also many kinds of fish became common delicacies for people. The methods of fishing and raising fish have also improved. In the Book of Songs, there are many chapters mentioning fish. There are "Beifeng·Gufeng", "Qifeng·Xiji", "Binfeng·Jiujiu", and even "Zhou Song·Qian", "Xiaoya·Nanyoujiayu", "Xiaoya·Yizao" There are records about fish, especially in "Chen Feng·Hengmen", there is such a poem: "If you eat fish, you will have bream in the river; if you marry a wife, you will have ginger." He also said: "If you don't eat fish, you will have bream in the river. If you eat fish, you must be a carp from the river, but if you marry a wife, you must be a son of the Song Dynasty. "The Jiamei of two kinds of fish, bream and carp, is compared with "Qi Jiang" and "Song Zi" to marry a wife, which shows that people have high expectations for eating these two kinds of fish. favor. In the poem "Zhou Song·Qian", the situation of raising fish is described as "Yi and Qiju, there are many fish in Qian", and it is stated that the purpose of raising fish is to "enjoy and worship, to introduce scenery and blessings". It can be seen that fish farming is taken seriously. The delicious fish at the banquet becomes a delicacy that people are happy to praise.

In the first three chapters of this poem, two kinds of fish names are listed side by side in each chapter: "There are pontoons and sharks", "There are bream and snakeheads", "There are turtles and carps". The poet does not tire of listing them, not purely in an exaggerated tone, but borrowing from fish. The large number of categories indicates the grandness of the banquet, and also indicates that other delicacies must also be correspondingly rich. The poet's method of drawing inferences from one instance and using simplicity to control complexity has been widely imitated by future generations.

When it comes to wine, "wine" is a symbol of good harvests. Making wine in good harvest years has been a long-standing habit of our ancestors. The raw materials for ancient wine making were purely grain crops. After the harvest of edible grains was abundant, people used the excess grains to brew wine. There are many famous articles mentioning wine in "The Book of Songs". "Binfeng·July" says: "Peel dates in August and harvest rice in October. This is the spring wine to promote longevity." "Song of Zhou·Fengnian" The chapter is written more specifically. The poem goes: "In good years, there are many millet and grains, and there are also high crops, trillions and grains of rice, for wine and li... To reconcile hundreds of rites, to bring blessings to all." It is called in the poem. Rice, now called rice (one theory specifically refers to glutinous rice), has good conditions for both rice and millet to be harvested, and the barns are full and the grains are full, so that "wine and sweet wine" can be made. The purpose of wine is not only to be used in sacrifices to announce a good harvest, but its important role is summarized in the sentence "to communicate with hundreds of rituals". Therefore, it is necessary to drink wine during the banquet, and to feast the guests, and to drink more and more wine to show the joy of a good year. Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems", according to the "Rituals" "Country Drinking" and "Yan Li" both sang "Fish Li", he called this poem a universal joy for Yan feast, and its meaning is very clear. This is evidenced by other poems about drinking in "Xiaoya", such as "Xiaoya Lu Ming" (originally a poem about Yan's officials and guests, and later became a popular song): "I have a decree to drink wine, and use Yan to drink wine." "I have the intention to drink wine, and the guests will fly in style." "Qi Bian" says: "Wine is the occasion for a gentleman to enjoy the feast." It has a long history. The poem "Xiaoya·There are Jiayu in the South" is also called "A gentleman has wine, and the guests are enjoying themselves." The first three chapters of this poem repeatedly praise "A gentleman has wine, and his purpose is abundant" and "A gentleman has wine, and his purpose is abundant." , "A gentleman has wine, and his purpose is there", which shows that the guests and hosts are very happy at the banquet.

In the last three chapters of the poem, the poet closely follows the three important words "duo, purpose, and you" in the first three chapters, and then praises that after the good years, not only are the food and wine in the Yan feast abundant and beautiful, but also popular To the more universal theme of "Beauty in all things" ("Preface to Mao's Poems"). As far as the poem itself is concerned, these three chapters can be called choruses. With these three chapters, the poetry of praising the good years becomes even more profound. The poet said: "There are many things, so keep them beautiful", "Things have their purpose, keep them together", "Things have their existence, keep them in their time". From the abundance of items, one praises the beauty of the items; from the purpose of the items, one praises the completeness of the items; from the richness of the items, one praises the timeliness of their production. It shows that good harvests are not only a gift from nature, but also the result of human hard work. The joy of Yanxia is the enjoyment of life that can only be obtained after a good harvest. The poem is simple and concise, fully showing the reality that there are many kinds of things and people are rich at the same time.

"Xiaoya·Yuli", as a musical song, its singing method is no longer known in detail and cannot be verified, but some enlightenment can still be obtained in terms of language use. The first three chapters have the same composition, using the uneven sentence pattern of four, two, four, and three. The singing method not only has the beauty of repeated hymns, but also has uneven musical rhythm, which is convenient for duet singing and chorus. The words "purpose and there are many", "many and the purpose", and "purpose and there" in the poem are not very different in intention, but they can produce a beautiful feeling of singing and sighing, making the whole house happy. The last three chapters focus on highlighting the theme and enhancing the atmosphere, so there are only two sentences in each chapter. In the poem itself, the stressed syllables fall on the words "Jia, Kai, Shi" and so on, and the word "矣" is used at the end of the sentence, so that the music can extend the chanting time and slow down the rhythm. The three chapters before and after complement each other, and the overall concept shows the exquisiteness of the poet's technique.

The creative background of "Xiaoya·Lu Ming Zhi Shi·Yu Li"

"Xiaoya·Yu Li" is a picture of the nobles of the Zhou Dynasty after offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple and gods, and the guests of Yanxi Songs sung at the time. "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: ""Yu Li", beauty and abundance of all things can prepare gifts. Wen and Wu used "Tianbao" above to treat internal diseases, and "Plucking Wei" below to treat external diseases, starting from worry and hard work, and ending with pleasure. Therefore, the abundance of beautiful things can be reported to the gods."