The process of the tenth Russian-Turkish war

After the declaration of war, the troops of the Russian Danube Army began to move to the Danube, the starting area of the attack. However, due to the backward railway transportation and the flooding of the river, the crossing time was delayed. Until June 22nd, Russian troops in the lower reaches of the Danube crossed the Danube in Galac and Brailov. From June 27th to July 2nd, the 14 Infantry Division under the command of General mikhail ivanovich Dragomirov and the main force of the group army following it also crossed the river in Jimnica. The Danube Army attacked in three ways from the landing point in the Vaud area of Sisto: the West Road troops attacked Nicopol and Kublat Kubrat Pulev; The East Route Army attacked Lushuk; The vanguard troops attacked the pass in the Balkans. About 70,000 people stayed on the battlefield and approached the highway as a reserve. General Joseph vladimirovich Gourko's vanguard troops 15000 troops advanced rapidly, captured the Bulgarian ancient capitals of Vavo and Thurnau on July 7, and quickly occupied the Shipka Pass across the Balkan Mountains on July 14, thus opening the passage to Bosphorus and Constantinople. Due to the improper configuration and command error of the Russian army, the war period was delayed. After the West Road troops occupied Nicopol, they failed to occupy Kublat Kubrat Pulev before the arrival of Ottoman Nuripaska Turkish troops from Witting. Therefore, the communication line of the Russian Danube Corps was threatened by the enemy. The first time the Tsar's sense of security in the army was improved, most Russian troops were forced to stop besieging the Pleven fortress because they didn't want to repeat the tragedy, and the Russian military's battle plan of quick victory was completely disrupted.

After the Russian vanguard troops occupied Eskimo-zahra, they were countered by the Turkish army under the command of Su Liman Pasha from Negro, and then retreated to Sipka. Soon, the newly formed South Road Army came here, and about 1/3 of the Ministry was a Bulgarian militia.

In August, the new commander of the Turkish army, Mohammad Ali Pasha, a German who converted to Islam, led his troops to fight back in the Balkans. Su Liman Pasha's troops tried to capture Pusika Pass in August, but failed due to the heroic defense of Russian troops in Pusika. The Turkish army's attack on the Russian East Route Army was also repelled. The Russian army raided Levin three times and suffered a fiasco. Only the second defeat lost 1/4 soldiers. Milyutin admits that if we continue to fight like this, our huge army will be wiped out in a very short time. The czar's determination to fight was seriously shaken, and he believed that the Russian army was in an extremely unfavorable and even dangerous situation. The commander-in-chief of the Danube Corps, Archduke Nikolai, turned to Romanian calori I for help, and 40,000 Luo troops entered the war as Russian allies. With the arrival of 65,438+10,000 Russian reinforcements, 70 kilometers of trenches were built and the siege war lasted for two months. When the Turkish army ran out of ammunition and food, it forced 30,000 defenders in the city to surrender on 65438+February 10.

With the fall of Pleven, the war turned to a turning point. The Russian army has gained an advantage of more than 2: 1 over the Turkish army in terms of strength and weapons. The czar himself made a decision, which made the Russian army immediately attack the south of the Balkan mountains in the cold. The Russian Danube Army launched a multi-channel assault along the front line with a width of 150 km, but the Turkish army could not retreat because of insufficient strength, so it was swallowed up by the frenzy of Russian attack. Serbia joined the anti-soil war in 65438+February 65438+March, and transferred its troops to Nice. With the active assistance of Bulgarian residents and guerrillas, General Gourko's troops on the western front crossed the Balkan Mountains under extremely difficult conditions in severe winter, defeated 42,000 Turkish troops in the direction of Sofia, and occupied Sofia on 10/878. Russian-Chinese troops under the command of General Feodor Fedorovici radetzky surrounded and captured 30,000 troops of Wiezell-Pasha in the Battle of Shenovo on1October 8-9, 1878. The Danube Army launched an attack to the south of the Balkan Mountains, defeated Su Liman Pasha's army in the Filippoli Battle from June 5438 to1October1May to June 5438+07, captured Adrijana Fort on1October 20, and advanced into Constantinople one month later. The Caucasian army originally expected that the enemy was twice as large as itself, and it was expected to carry out defensive operations. Later, when it was discovered that the Turkish army was less than its own, it launched an offensive. From April to May, it occupied Bayazit and Ardahan Fortress and blocked Kars. However, the group army was countered by the effective forces of Ahmed mukhtar Pasha's army, and the three attack detachments were split in two by the Turkish army. In June, they retreated to the border and turned to defense. During the period of 65438+ 10, Russia defeated the Turkish army in the battle of Avil-Harraca in the Caucasus. 1 17 10/7 night, Russian troops stormed and occupied kars fortress and launched an attack on erzurum. In the Caucasus, Russian troops blocked erzurum and occupied Batumi.