The seasons, time, places the poet passed by, and the scenery the poet saw written in Xin Qiji's "Partridge Sky"

"Partridge Sky·Dai Ren Fu" is a poem written by Xin Qiji, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty.

This is a poem praising the beautiful scenery of rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. The upper column describes the close scene and the lower column writes the distant view. It uses the scene to express emotions, revealing the author's dislike of the prosperity of the city and his love for rural life. Based on his familiarity with rural life, the author painted a fresh and beautiful mountain scenery for people, reflecting his intoxication with the beautiful scenery of the countryside. This poem has a beautiful picture, full of emotion and profound meaning.

Partridge Sky·The soft mulberry sprouts are broken on Moshang

Song Dynasty: Xin Qiji

The soft mulberry sprouts are broken on Moshang, and some silkworm seeds are already growing in the east neighbor . The fine grass in the plain hills chirps yellow calves, and in the cold forest there are dusk crows in the setting sun.

The mountains are far and near, the roads are sloping, and there are people selling wine in Qingqi. The peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the shepherd's purse flowers are blooming in the spring at Xitou.

Translation

The soft branches of the mulberry trees on the side of the village road have just bloomed. Some of the silkworms raised by my neighbor to the east have metamorphosed into silkworms. On a line of gentle hills, little yellow calves are croaking in the thin grass. The setting sun is slanting on the dry and cold woods, and crows are resting among the branches.

The mountains are some far away and some are close, and the roads are some horizontal and some diagonal. There is a small wine shop over there at Qingbu Wine Flag, where you can buy some wine. The peach and plum blossoms in the city regard wind and rain as torture, and are full of melancholy. The most beautiful spring scenery is blooming among the shepherd's purse flowers at the head of the stream.

Appreciation

The whole poem depicts the spring scene in the countryside from different perspectives. It seems to be written casually, but when you understand it carefully, it is full of emotion and profound meaning. In the first two sentences of the upper column, when describing the sprouting of mulberry trees and the beginning of hatching of silkworm eggs, the word "broken" is used to express very vividly that the mulberry leaves gradually sprouted and expanded under the influence of the spring breeze, and finally burst the original wrapping. Transparent film on mulberry buds. The word "break" is not only dynamic, but also makes people feel the power and speed of mulberry sprouts sprouting. The third sentence "Pinggang fine grass calls the yellow calf" "Pinggang fine grass" and "yellow calf" are related to each other. The yellow calf was kept in the cowshed for the whole winter, and when it was grazing on the flat slope, it was killed by the spring grass. , extremely cheerful. Although "Ming" refers to the sound, it can make people imagine the leisurely and demeanor of the yellow calf when it is eating grass. The "slanting sun", "cold forest", and "twilight crow" in the fourth sentence are supposed to form a decaying scene, but due to the use of the verb "point", the mood changes. The "dot"-shaped crows are flying or perching, just like a mass of ink dots. This is an accurate representation. There are no leaves in the cold forest in early spring, so the black crows are clearly visible in the forest. The author is admiring a natural picture.

On the surface, the second half of this poem seems to follow the first half to describe the scene. The scene description in the second half of the film here is different from that of the first half, and there are waves. First of all, it is to look one level further away, from Pinggang to the distant mountains, to the hotel led by the sloping road, and from the countryside to the city. The sentence "There is a family in Qingqigu Wine" seems very ordinary. The whole poem is about natural scenery. Only this sentence describes human activities, which breaks the monotony of describing scenery. This is a trick for writing landscape poems. Although you are describing a scene, you cannot just exaggerate the scene. You must add some human emotions and activities to make the poem lively.

The two sentences "The peach and plum trees in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the spring is in the shepherd's purse flowers at the head of the stream" are the finishing touch of the whole poem. They seem to be describing a scene and making a discussion. These two sentences determine the mood of the whole word. If you only look at the first three sentences and the sentence "Green flag selling wine", the mood of this poem is very pleasant. But the poet was a loyal man. He was in Hangzhou, an area of ??peace in the Southern Song Dynasty. The northern Jin soldiers captured the two emperors Huizong and Qinzong of the Song Dynasty, and they were still advancing. He wanted to recover, and most of the Southern Song Dynasty These were stupid and incompetent people who were trying to survive, leaving him helpless and resentful in his heart. It is this mood that has become the basic sentiment of many of his words. This poem is actually a sound of sorrow. The sentence "The sunset is cold and the forest is dotted with dusk crows" has revealed a little bit of information, and the sentence "Peach trees and plum trees are worried about the wind and rain" fully expresses the emotion of how incomplete the beautiful and beautiful rivers and mountains are. In the past, whenever poets and poets had something difficult to explain, they would always use natural things to express it symbolically. Whenever Xin Ci talks about wind and rain knocking down spring flowers, he mostly alludes to the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty when the Jin soldiers invaded. The poem "Peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain" here also laments the bullying of the Jin soldiers in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Contrast is used in the word, and contrast means to seize the opportunity first. Starting from the happy scene, then moving to the miserable state of mind, these contrast each other, making the miserable one look even more miserable.

The ancients often used the word "sadness" when talking about Xin's poems, and his sadness lies in this place. But sadness does not mean disappointment. The sentence "Spring is in the shepherd's purse flowers in Xitou" shows that the poet still has great hope for the peaceful situation in the Southern Song Dynasty. This hope was aroused by the sight of working people engaged in mulberry farming that the poet saw in the village. The first sentence explains that "poems can be complained" (complaints), and the second sentence explains that "poems can be inspired" (encouragement is promoted).

The poet discovers and captures the most common and typical scenery and life situations in the countryside, and uses fresh and bright writing styles and simple and elegant colors to depict pictures with vivid images, clear layers and vitality. The lush pictures give people a rich sense of aesthetic enjoyment, which in turn triggers the tingling of the heartstrings.

Xin Qiji

Creative Background

In the winter of the eighth year of Chunxi (1181), Xin Qiji was impeached and lived in seclusion in Daihu, Shangrao. The title of the poem is "Ode from a generation", indicating that someone at the gathering was not good at poetry and asked the author to write it for him. According to the content of the poem, this article should be about "What happened in spring" or "What I saw in the countryside", which was written when the author lived in Daihu. As the leisure time goes by, the author's observation experience of the countryside and his love for rural life are gradually deepening. The author has become accustomed to the tranquility of rural life, and gradually integrates himself into the simple farmers. At the same time, he feels more and more This poem was written against the turmoil and turmoil of urban life, especially official career.