What is "... family" in Ma Zhiyuan? Who is he called "Zaju" with?

Famous dramatist and zaju artist, together with Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu, are also called "four masters of Yuan Opera".

Ma Zhiyuan (about 125 1 year-about 132 1 year to 1324) was born in Macitang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province.

A famous dramatist and zaju writer, he was praised by later generations as "Ma Shenxian" and "Qu Yuan is the first". He, Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu are also called "the four masters of Yuanqu", and his work "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" is called the ancestor of Qiu Si.

When he was young, he wrote poems and dedicated them to Long Ta. He longed for progress and fame, but he failed to achieve it. Ma Zhiyuan was similar to Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu, but later, when he was young, his career was bumpy, and he was dissatisfied with current politics in his later years, living in seclusion in the countryside and taking pleasure in beating himself with cups. He died after the first year of Taiding (132 1) and was buried in his ancestral home.

There are 15 kinds of zaju written by Ma Zhiyuan, among which Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty is his masterpiece, with more than 20 pieces of Sanqu, and a series of Dongli Yuefu.

Extended data:

The Four Masters of Yuanqu and Ma Zhiyuan;

1, Guan Hanqing

Guan Hanqing (about 1234 years ago-1300 years ago), the word "Han Qing", the number has been lent (Zhai Yi, has been lent), the Han nationality, Jiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), and other places of origin (now Beijing) and? Qi zhou (now anguo city, Hebei) and others said.

The founder of Yuan Zaju, the first of the four masters of Yuan Qu, made the greatest achievements in Zaju. There are 67 zaju today, including 18 zaju. Whether individual works were written by him is still inconclusive. The most famous is Yuan.

Guan Hanqing also wrote many historical dramas, such as Single Knife Meeting, Single Whip for Focus, Dream of West Shu and so on. Today, there are more than 40 poems and 10 sets of Sanqu.

Guan Hanqing's zaju covers a wide range, involving almost every field of social life in the Yuan Dynasty, and can be roughly divided into three categories according to the content:

The first kind of case-solving drama exposes political darkness and the cruelty of rulers, touches sharp social contradictions and praises the people's resistance struggle.

Such as Yuan, Dream Butterfly and Lu Zhailang. The most representative work is The Injustice of Dou E, which is included in the world tragedy, reflecting the fighting spirit of the people and accusing the darkness of society.

The work describes a weak and helpless widow, Dou E, who was falsely accused of "taking medicine to death" and beheaded in public under the persecution of corrupt official Tao Xun. Dou E's unjust case is of typical significance, and the writer has a high sense of social responsibility.

This paper puts forward the common problem of "a hundred officials have no intention to correct the law, which makes the people speechless" in feudal society, and strongly accuses the feudal system of being the enemy of the people and the residual people of being arrogant and domineering.

The second kind of love drama mainly describes the life and struggle of lower-class women, highlights their courage and wit in the struggle, and affirms women's independent choice of marriage. Those seemingly powerful bad guys are scattered like deflated balls in front of smart opponents, so the works are more comic.

For example, save the dusty, Wangjiang Pavilion, Golden Thread Pool, Temper the Romantic, Yue Bai Pavilion, etc. Among them, saving the dust is the most representative. In Save the Wind and Dust, the prostitute Song falls in love with a poor scholar and then marries a wealthy businessman. As a result, she has been scolded and suffered a lot.

Zhao, a prostitute, pretended to marry and designed and rescued Song. Song Zhang Yin married a Shi Xiuren. The works sympathize with prostitutes and Confucian scholars at the bottom of society and expose the hypocrisy and cruelty of officials and businessmen.

The third kind of historical drama expresses his criticism of the darkness of social reality and his desire for the hero's rebirth by shaping the hero's image, praising the hero and giving him the mission of saving the whole life. Such as "Single Knife Meeting" and "West Shu Dream".

The most outstanding achievement of "Single Knife Meeting" is based on the biography of Lu Su in Three Kingdoms. It tells the story of Lu Su, a famous minister of Wu State, who invited Guan Yu to the meeting in order to get Jingzhou, and created a heroic image without hesitation and fearlessness.

These historical dramas of Guan Hanqing originated from historical biographies, but they have surpassed them. The foothold of his creation is not to reproduce the truth of history, but to melt a lot of realistic content through historical themes, focusing on the spirit of the times and the basic characteristics of drama creation, which is the essence of Guan Hanqing's historical drama.

In these historical dramas, Guan Hanqing praised the just cause, the heroic achievements and the love and hate of an upright dramatist, which is consistent with his spirit in other plays.

Guan Hanqing's image of "I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, boiled, fried or fried" ("A flower is not old") is also widely known as "Qu Sheng".

2. Zheng Guangzu

Zheng Guangzu (a.d. 1264 ~? ), the word Dehui, Han nationality, a famous zaju Sanqu writer in Yuan Dynasty, was born in Xiangling, Pingyang (now Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province).

Zheng Guangzu was influenced by the art of drama since he was a child, and enjoyed a high reputation when he was young. But he worked as a small official in Hangzhou, mainly in the south, and became a giant in the southern opera circle.

At that time, his zaju was "famous all over the world, with a sound in the boudoir". There are 18 kinds of zaju that can be tested, including Duke Regent of Zhou, RoyceWong ascending the building, Hanlin romantic, lost female soul, unbreakable serial, Yi Yin helping soup, Laojuntang, and Lu Bu in World War III.

Among them, Ghost Story is the most famous, while the last three are questioned as not Zheng Guangzu's works. In addition to zaju, Zheng Guangzu also wrote Sanqu, including six poems and two sets of manuscripts.

3. Bai Pu

Bai Pu (1226—— about 1306), whose original name was Heng, whose word was Renfu, was later renamed Park, whose word was Yuan. Han nationality, whose ancestral home is qi zhou (now Hequ, Shanxi Province) and Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), lived in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in his later years and never became an official.

As a great dramatist with the same fame as Guan Hanqing, Jin Jinyuan. In his works, the famous zaju Wu Tongyu tells the story of my secret envoy An Lushan and my secret envoy Yang Guifei having an affair.

Yang and he were at odds, so the Anshi rebellion broke out and the emperor was in a hurry. When the army stopped at the Mayi post, Chen demanded that Yang's younger brother and sister be punished. Ming Chengzu had to order the imperial concubine to hang herself in the Buddhist temple.

After Li Longji returned to Chang 'an, he met the imperial concubine in his dream one day, and was awakened by the rain of phoenix trees, reminiscing about the past, which made him very disappointed. This play has been highly praised throughout the ages. Li's Yu Cun Qu Hua in Qing Dynasty said: "There were dozens of people who sang Ma Wei in Yuan Dynasty, and Bai Renfu's Wu Tongyu was the most."

Another work, Pei's full name Climbing the Wall at once, is Bai Pu's most outstanding work, and it is also called "the Four Great Love Plays in Yuan Dynasty" with Moon Pavilion, Wang Shifu's The West Chamber and Zheng Guangzu's Ghost Story.

This was written by Pei Xingjian, the son of Prime Minister Pei Xingjian in the Tang Dynasty. Pei Xingjian went to Luoyang to buy flowers on the orders of his father. On the way, he and Li Shijie's daughter Li Qianjin wrote a poem to answer. That night, they made a private appointment in the backyard, eloped to settle in Chang 'an, and had a son and a daughter.

Later, Shao Jun's father found that Shao Jun was forced to divorce his wife and go home. Li Qianjin returned to Luoyang and his parents died. Shao Kaozhong formally married Li Qianjin after he entered the Jinshi.

Bai Pu's ci has spread to more than 100, most of which are mainly about chanting things and making friends; His works have elegant lyrics and belong to the literary genre.

There are 65,438+06 kinds of zaju: The Ghost Meeting, Catching the River, The Story of the East Wall, Liang Shanbo, Ambassador Lan Ting, Andrew's Resentment, Cutting the White Snake, Wu Tongyu, Xingyue Palace, Paddle of Cuihu, and so on.

Phoenix emperor boat, the wall, flowing red leaves, with arrows to shoot two sculptures. Sanqu has a volume of Legacy of Nature, 37 poems and four sets of divertimento.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ma Zhiyuan