Walking in the City·Huaiyang, long and profound feelings

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? The title of the poem "Moonrise" is one of the poems in "The Book of Songs·Guo Feng·Chen Feng". Under the bright moonlight, the poet looked at the moon and thought about her. Under the bright moonlight, the face, posture and posture of the woman in his mind seemed to be before his eyes. Looking at the moon and thinking about the beauty is poetic and picturesque.

? "The poplar at the east gate has leaves that will be general, and the star will shine brightly in the evening. The poplar in the east gate will have leaves and lungs, and the star will shine in the evening."

? A man and a woman agreed to date under the poplar tree at the east gate of the city at dusk. As a result, one party breaks the promise, while the other party (he or she) is still waiting under the tree. The sound of the wind blowing the leaves seemed to be whispering to him (her); after waiting and waiting, the stars came out, seeming to wink at him (her) and laugh at his (her) infatuation.

? This is "Yang at the East Gate" in "Chen Feng". The poet uses the gentle night under the stars to contrast the anxious and thirsty mood of the protagonist, euphemistically and vividly. From dusk to starry night, melancholic emotions permeate the beautiful images.

? The two poems are both romantic and romantic in "Chen Feng".

? "Chen Feng" is a folk poem of the Chen State from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. In the story of Jin and Chu fighting for hegemony in the Central Plains during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was always a minion named Chen, who would fall to whoever was more powerful in Jin or Chu. But in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Chen State was awesome - King Wu of Zhou conquered the world and granted Guiman, a descendant of Shun, to Chen, with jurisdiction over 13 cities. He also married his eldest daughter to him. From then on, the Chen State was born and became one of the states of the Western Zhou Dynasty. One of the elders. There were countless feudal states in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but in the Book of Songs, there were only fifteen states with "national styles", and "Chen Feng" was one of them, which shows the high status of the Chen state.

2,

? Chen State, in the area of ??Huaiyang, Henan Province today.

Because of the word "Huai", I always thought that Huaiyang was in Anhui or northern Jiangsu, but later I found out that it was in Henan.

? When I was young, I made a big wish to travel to 2,000 counties in China. This wish can no longer be achieved, so let’s count on one more.

? I went to Huaiyang in the early spring of 2019, just in time for the ancestor worship activities at Taihao Mausoleum.

? Taihao Fuxi, the head of the Three Emperors of Ancient China, is known as the "first ancestor of humanities" in China, and his status is much higher than that of the Yellow Emperor who is the first of the Five Emperors (because it is a legend, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors are not one). According to legend, Fuxi established his capital in Wanqiu (today's Huaiyang), and his mausoleum is also here.

? Taihao’s high status can be seen from the regulations of the tomb. One is the large cemetery, and the other is the layout of the outer city, inner city, and Forbidden City, and the outer city is a city wall-style enclosure. These can't help but make you awe-inspiring. This huge palace-style building complex is unique among the mausoleums and temples of Chinese emperors and is known as the "No. 1 mausoleum in the world".

? Every year from the second day of the second lunar month to the third day of the third lunar month, millions of people from all over the world go to Taihao Mausoleum to worship their ancestors. On such a scale, it is difficult to be second in the world. In 2008, Taihao Mausoleum also set a world record for the largest number of worshipers in a single day: 825,000 people.

? I arrived at Taihao Mausoleum at noon on March 15th (the ninth day of the second lunar month). There are still two kilometers away from the cemetery, and the sidewalk is already occupied by people coming and going. Dozens of ticket offices have been temporarily set up in the square. All buses going to or passing through the Taihao Mausoleum Scenic Area are free of charge. Thousands of stalls have also been set up in the square, selling steamed buns and various local specialty snacks and commodities.

Seeing such a huge crowd, I backed down, but the conductor said that today was Friday, so there were not too many people, and there would be more people on Saturdays and Sundays. In this case, I might as well go in and feel the atmosphere of ancestor worship. Fortunately, I thought the cemetery would be too crowded, but in fact, the ancestor worshippers only worshiped their ancestors and did not tour, and there were not many people in other parts of the cemetery.

3.

Although Huaiyang is just a county town, it has served as the capital several times. It was first the capital of Fuxi and was continued by Emperor Yan, who was called Wanqiu at that time.

Later, Chen Guo established his capital here. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (479 BC), Chu destroyed Chen, and the state of Chen became Chen County, and the name of the county came from this. In 278 BC, Ying, the capital of the Chu State, was captured by the Qin State. King Qingxiang of Chu moved the capital to Chen County. In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rebelled and established the "Zhang Chu" regime here.

? Fuxi regarded Wanqiu as a legend, but when I arrived at "Pingliangtai", I had to believe it.

? Pingliangtai is the ruins of Wanqiu Ancient City, seven or eight miles southeast of Huaiyang City. The site covers an area of ??more than 100 acres. Archeology has discovered high-rise buildings and houses made of adobe, and a large number of pottery bowls, basins and pots have been unearthed. According to carbon-14 testing, the ancient city was built 4,600 years ago. Archaeological research has determined that the ruins of the ancient city of Pingliangtai and the legendary Taihao ruins Wanqiu are the same place. So far, "Chen is the ruins of Taihao" and "the beginning of Emperor Yan Shennong". Du Chen" and other historical documents have been confirmed.

? When I went to the ruins of the ancient city, I met an old man from Qingdao. Like me, he was traveling alone. There is a museum at the ruins of the ancient city. It was noon when we arrived, and the waiter locked the door and prepared to eat. We tried hard to argue, but the waiter had to sacrifice some lunch time and let us in. The museum is not big, just a few exhibition rooms, but it is enough to get a cursory understanding of this ancient city ruins from the Longshan Culture period, which is the earliest, largest and best protected in my country.

? Another long-standing cultural relic in Huaiyang is the Chen Hu Gong Cemetery on the bank of Long Lake. There is the Chen Hu Cemetery here, which is known as the tomb of the ancestor of the Chinese surname Chen.

? The Chen surname in the world came from Huaiyang, and the ancestor was named Guiman. He founded the Chen State and prospered hundreds of industries, making the Chen State in the Western Zhou Dynasty one of the twelve major vassal states. After Guiman's death, he was given the posthumous title of Duke Hu. King Wu of Zhou gave him a surname and called him Chen Hu Gong. This is where the surname Chen began.

? The Chenhu Cemetery is built underground and cast with molten iron, so it is also called the "Iron Tomb". The worship hall on the ground is long gone. The current mausoleum was built with donations from a Singaporean entrepreneur surnamed Chen more than 20 years ago.

? Today, Chen Hugong’s descendants are spread all over the country and abroad, numbering more than 80 million, which is a spectacular sight.

4.

? Strolling through Huaiyang City, savoring its long history, the vicissitudes of life are all in your imagination.

? Huaiyang has "Seven Terraces and Eight Scenes". The seven terraces are the String Song Terrace, the Gua Painting Terrace, the Bauhinia Terrace, the Reading Terrace (built by Su Che), and the Washing Terrace (Di Qing was demoted to Chenzhou, and he was worried and angry. After his death, the people built platforms to worship him), Wugu Terrace (it is said to be the place where Emperor Yan Shennong taught folk arts about grains), and Wanglu Terrace (also known as "Qiuhu Terrace" and "Wangfu Terrace". Later generations lamented that Yuefu's "Autumn Festival" Built based on the story of "Hu Xing"). Some were far away in the suburbs, and some no longer existed, so I didn’t go to all of them. I only went to the Guagua Terrace and the Xiange Terrace.

It is said that after Taihao Fuxi established his capital in Wanqiu, he got a white turtle, so he dug a pond to keep it. He often visited the pond to watch it, and was inspired by the pattern of the white turtle to draw the eternal Eight Diagrams. The Guagua Terrace commemorates Fuxi, but the buildings on the Guagua Terrace were rebuilt in 2002, and the only remaining relic is an old tree.

By the Spring and Autumn Period, Chen State had been reduced to a small country. Although the country is small, it has many stories.

? Among the stories of Chen Guo, the most bizarre thing is the fornication of Chen Linggong, his monarch and his ministers. "Zuo Zhuan" records that King Chen Linggong of the Chen Kingdom, his officials Kong Ning and Yi Xingfu committed adultery with Xia Ji, the wife of the doctor Xia Yushu, at the same time. They even teased each other in the court wearing Xia Ji's "husband clothes" (women's underwear). Chen Guo's official Xie Zhi remonstrated: "The public ministers promulgated prostitution, and the people have no effect." Linggong accepted it on the surface, but secretly connived with Kong Ning and Yi Xing's father to kill Xie Zhi.

? Uncle Xia Yu died early, so Xia Ji became indulgent. History records that nine men died because of her. One day, Chen Linggong was drinking at Xia Ji's house and said to Yi Xing's father: "Zhengshu (Xia Ji's son) looks like you." Yi Xing's father replied: "He still looks like you, the king." Xia Zhengshu heard this. , was so angry that he said, "I'll make it impossible for you to come back!" He set up an ambush in his own house, and when Linggong left, he shot him to death with an arrow.

? If you do bad things, you will be recorded. There is an article "Zhu Lin" in the Book of Songs "Chen Feng", which was written by the Chen people who hated the emperor and his ministers for their debauchery and ruining the country. It is extremely satirical.

In the sixth year of Duke Ai of Lu (489 BC), Confucius was in the state of Chen without food for seven days. At that time, Master Kong was very happy to receive the invitation from King Chu Zhao, so he took a few disciples on the road. When going to the Chu State, they had to pass by the Chen State. The officials of the Chen State were afraid that the Chu State would reuse Confucius and bring danger to their own country, so they sent troops to besiege Confucius' masters and disciples in the suburbs of Huaiyang. Confucius ran out of food in the wilderness. His disciples were so hungry that they were frightened and weak, and some even fell ill. Zilu was not angry and asked Confucius angrily: "Master, does a gentleman also have a time of poverty?" Confucius replied: "A gentleman also has a time of poverty. But when a gentleman is in poverty, he can still be content with himself, while when a villain is in poverty, he will do whatever it takes to do evil. "After saying that, Confucius, who was 63 years old, was still reciting poems, playing the piano and singing.

? The story of Confucius singing stringed songs for seven days without food moved countless future generations, and people built a stringed singing platform to commemorate Confucius. Xiange Terrace was built in the Han Dynasty and has been continuously repaired and destroyed in the past dynasties. Now only the second gate and the main hall are old buildings from the Qing Dynasty, which are slightly better than the Guagua Terrace.

? When talking about Huaiyang, Bao Zheng is inseparable. The story of Bao Gong "releasing grain in Chenzhou" is well-known to every household. In the northwest corner of Huaiyang City (which was a government granary in ancient times), there is the restored Bao Gong Temple. It was built during the Chenghua Period of the Ming Dynasty. It expresses the local people's gratitude to Bao Gong for going to Chenzhou to release grain and saving tens of thousands of lives.

5,

? Compared with the south, cities in the north are generally short of water, but Huaiyang is not.

Huaiyang’s urban layout is very unique. The old city is in the middle of the water, surrounded by Long Lake (the largest city-circling lake in inland China). There is a city in the lake and a lake in the city. This is even in China. Not only is it rare, it is also rare. The Longhu Water Conservancy Scenic Area, built on the Longhu Lake, covers an area of ??16 square kilometers, half of which is water, with scenic views all year round. Taihao Mausoleum, Tomb of Liu Chong, King of Huaiyang of the Han Dynasty, Cao Zhi's Tomb, Xiange Terrace, Huagua Terrace, City God Temple Ruins, Yuan Duanmin Gong's Ancestral Hall and many other historic sites are either by the lake or in the lake. No wonder Huaiyang was selected into the “List of Most Beautiful Regions in China” in 2019.

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? Where there is water, there is aura, and the city is alive. There are flowers and tender willows on the lakeside road; the sunset by the lake is full of dancing shadows. In the evening, I ate steak in a Western restaurant, drank red wine and beer alone, and returned to the hotel slightly drunk. The wind by the lake was warm but cool. The intoxicating beauty of early spring is here.

Huaiyang has a history of more than 4,600 years, and Chen County has a history of more than 2,300 years, which is rare among counties in China. After liberation, Huaiyang's ownership changed many times. In the early days of liberation, Huaiyang Prefecture was established, and Huaiyang County was the seat of the prefecture's party and government agencies. Later, the Huaiyang Prefecture was abolished, and Huaiyang County was successively assigned to Shangqiu, Kaifeng, and Zhoukou. In 2019, Huaiyang County was transformed into Huaiyang District of Zhoukou City.

? Compared with big cities, Huaiyang is a small city, but its county population has reached more than 1.3 million, so it is confident to call it "Great Huaiyang". Of course, big or small should not just be judged by scale. It has a long and profound historical accumulation and is full of historical sentiments. The small town of Huaiyang is not small.