Ancient residential buildings in Chengjiang ancient city

The basic type of folk houses in Lu Feng Town is "One Letter" (Figure 6). The courtyard is centered on the patio (Figure 7), surrounded by the main room, the east wing and the west wing, with eight inverted seats, generally two floors. The main building has the largest scale and the highest abutment. Generally, a residential building can only have three bays, and the middle one is a hall, which opens to the patio and has a front porch. There is a staircase between the main room and the wing, and a beautifully carved leaky window is set on the wooden guardrail on the patio side of the staircase (as shown in Figure 8). One of the eight inverted blocks opposite the main house is the entrance to the courtyard. The patio is paved with bluestone slabs and is surrounded by drains. There are wells or flowers and trees in the courtyard, and the whole courtyard is condensed into a quiet and peaceful place, forming a world of its own. If the quadrangle is next to the main street (Beizheng Street, Nanheng Street and Nanzheng Street), eight quadrangles will be built on the street pavement, forming a pattern of front shops and back houses.

On the basis of "one letter", there are many flexible changes in the plane layout according to the different terrain and the financial and material resources of the builders. For example, the Li House, built by the once prosperous Li family in the Qing Dynasty, has three independent seals in series on the central axis, and two secondary axes are juxtaposed on both sides of the central axis to form a group of courtyards, each seal is different.

In addition, there are two large patios connected in series on the central axis, with three small wells on each side, and the courtyard group of "eight-horse cart" type; Two longitudinal axes are juxtaposed, and two patios are connected in series on each axis, which is a courtyard group of "four-person sedan chair". The public musical instrument performance hall is located in a long and narrow terrain, and there is only one wing into the yard.

Adjacent houses facing the street on both sides, some have entrances on both sides. No. Beizheng Street 1 19 borders Qingshansi Street in the south and Beizheng Street in the east. At the bottom of the house is an L-shaped plot. The house is divided into two courtyards along the terrain. As the front yard, the square yard on the side of Beizheng Street is open to the east and west, facing Beizheng Street. The other rectangular plots are built with long courtyards, which run in the north-south direction and communicate with the front yard in the east wing. In this way, the main entrance can be opened on the main street, and the main house can still maintain the north-south direction.