The third chapter is the basic rules of the application of couplet leveling.

The third chapter is to use the basic law of couplets and even lines-horseshoe rhyme.

Lin Qingchang said; "Where a flat tone is used, the top sentence is also flat; If the sentence is pronounced with a hyphen, the link at the top will also be pronounced with a hyphen. By analogy, the syllables are all tuned. " (Lin Qingquan's Couplet Record) In other words, it is "flat top and flat top". This application law of couplets is called "horseshoe rhyme", also called "horseshoe lattice".

It is called horseshoe rhyme because its regularity is like a horse walking. The hind foot always follows the footprints of the front foot, and each footprint should be stepped twice. If one foot is flat and the other foot is flat, turn left and right, then "flat" is flat, and then it is flat. Since there is no sequential relationship between the initial standing point of the hind foot and the standing point of the front foot when standing, the starting point and the ending point should be flat or single.

The origin and development of horseshoe rhyme

At first, the use of horseshoe rhyme was limited to word feet. Now, most people also understand this sentence. Lin's theory of "the continuation of law and fu in Tang and Song Dynasties" should be no later than the Tang Dynasty. In fact, this usage existed in the Six Dynasties. Chen's preface to the new rhyme of Yutai in the Southern Dynasties has this characteristic. Only the first eight sentences are quoted here (those marked with "-"are flat and those marked with "."are flat).

It's almost lingyun daytime, and I've never seen it before; There are thousands of households, and Zhang Heng's land has been endowed. On the platform of Zhou, in the golden palace of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty.

Yushu takes coral as the branch, and the bead curtain takes hawksbill as the stilt.

Pick out the flat lines at the end of the sentence. These words are "flat and flat", and the characteristics of horseshoe rhyme are very obvious. The word "thousand households", some written as "thousand households", broke the rhyme of horseshoe. However, since this paragraph uses horseshoe rhyme, then "thousands of households" should be regarded as a mistake.

In the Tang Dynasty, the application of horseshoe rhyme in rhythmic poetry and fu gradually became common. Luo's Wei and Wang Tengting's Preface are both works. Please read a passage from Please Wu Zhao:

Dedicated to the emperor's old minister and the descendants of the duke of Tang Dynasty. Serving the cause of the first gentleman, Holland will be a great favor to the DPRK. Song Weizi's prosperity and sorrow are both good and good.

Yuan Junshan's tears are in vain! Is with anger, An Zhi countries, because of the disappointment of the world, Yu Shun's confidence, so.

The banner of justice; Clear the evil soul.

Pick out the parallelism at the end of the sentence. These words are "parallel, parallel, parallel, parallel", and the characteristics of horseshoe rhyme are also obvious.

Since the Tang Dynasty, regular poems have not only talked about "rightness" but also "stickiness". The so-called "paste" simply means that the level of the second word of the post-couplet sentence must be the same as that of the second word of the pre-couplet sentence, so that the two couplets are pasted together. On Du Fu s Five Methods of "Spring Hope";

Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers still exist.

Spring grass grows in cities.

Petals shed like tears,

Lonely birds sang their sorrows.

After three months of fighting,

Letters from home are priceless.

I stroke my white hair. It became too thin,

I can't hold the hairpin anymore.

Pick out the flat edge of the second word of each sentence, that is, "flat edge, flat edge". Look at Cui Hao's seven laws "Yellow Crane Tower";

A long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven.

Now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left.

The yellow crane never returned to the earth,

Baiyun will always fly without him.

Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water.

Parrot Island is a nest of sweet grass.

But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker.

The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.

Pick out the second word of each sentence, that is, "flat, flat."

From the above two examples, we can see that the "stickiness" of rhythmic poetry is not at the end of the sentence, but also has the characteristics of horseshoe rhyme.

The use of horseshoe rhyme in couplet feet is the result of inheriting and developing such rhythmic poems in the Six Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties.

The Application of Two Horseshoe Rhymes at the End of Couplet Sentences

The use of horseshoe rhyme at the end of couplets can be divided into positive case and abnormal case.

If the foot of the sentence is flat and fully meets the requirements of horseshoe rhyme, it is a positive example.

The feet of two sentences on both sides are flat, and its positive case is "flat, flat". Such as the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang:

I left in such a hurry that I rode Crane Immortal to see Fujian off.

I'm so tired. I was going upstairs when the flowers fell.

The feet of three sentences on each side are flat, and its orthography is "flat and flat, flat and flat". For example, in guanxian, Sichuan:

Following the work of Shen Yu's axe and hammer, the land and sea are unparalleled, Qin Shouhui, and the river canal masterpiece;

Take good care of all the mountains and rivers in Sichuan, guide the river first, and make the famous garden colorful.

There are four even sentences on each side, and the positive case is "even number, even number". Such as Liang Qichao Wan Kang Youwei:

I wish zong prayed for death, his old eyes withered early, and his life span was limited, so as to avoid the tragic situation of the whole country.

The fear of unexpected events has moved the sorrow of the decline and fall of our party.

Four sentences on each side, some are long couplets. More than four sentences are long couplets.

Usually, the feet of long conjunctions are raised with horseshoe rhyme (which means that the feet of the first sentence are flat) or flat (which means that the feet of the first sentence are flat). If it is an even sentence, the middle foot is continuous except that the head and tail are single or flat.

Wenchang Pavilion Alliance such as Xu Qi and Guiyang:

As a thrush, it is a hidden Qingxi. I remember coming from the water and exploring the flying clouds, pearls and other attractions of Qinglong. I feel so happy and amazing.

That knowledge is Penglai. Singing wildly here, Jia Xiulou asked me to lie down.

Ken asked Oxillin to support the iron pillar between the two rooms. After the Miao area was leveled, Mr. Ding Tingsan from Yuntai, Beijiang, started the poetry circle of Jiuguo.

Leave a boundless romantic. Who splashed ink and put the bridge on the Nanming River?

Pick out the parallelism at the end of the sentence. The upper part is "Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping" and the lower part is "Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping", which completely conforms to the law of horseshoe rhyme.

Equal, such as Nanjing Yanziji Yongji Temple Trade Union:

The river surged and washed away all the historical figures. Looking at the wild cranes in the clouds, all thoughts are empty, saying that the Jin Dynasty wore clothes and offered flowers and plants to the palace.

The wind is very strong, blowing away the dust atmosphere of the earth. Against the dangerous fence of flaky, a gate is closed alone, and there is no need for an old friend to grow vegetables in the neighbor's garden.

Pick the flat line at the end of the sentence. The upper part is "parallel" and the lower part is "parallel", which completely conforms to the law of horseshoe rhyme.

If it is an odd-numbered sentence, except that the last sentence is a simple sentence or a flat sentence, the preceding footings are all connected. When it is five sentences, the upper part is "average" and the lower part is "average"; When it is seven sentences, the upper part is "average" and the lower part is "average".

Five sentences on each side, such as Guan Miaolian in Yongshun, Hunan:

Shi Ce has not seen it for thousands of years. Following the great sage of Wenxuan, Wu Mu is lonely and loyal, and his heroic spirit lasts forever. The tree is a model of righteousness and ethics;

Hundreds of miles away, it is connected to Hanshou Old Seal in the west and Yiyang Old Base in the east, and the British wind is everywhere. I want to climb the mountain in those days.

Seven sentences or so, see Zhao Zhongmiao holding the AARON Li Wushu League;

My hometown is gloomy. I want to hold the tiger symbol in my hand, and my heart makes the swallow sleep. Whenever autumn is far-reaching, I wish I could not fly with the geese. Final support

Why, who were you with this morning, Chen Qingbiao?

The general bowed to Zhuge Lei. NiuXia sighed and swallowed the road to Can Cong. From then on, the rain was wet and cloudy, and the kite still pointed to the west. Soul regression

No, it's hard for me to bypass long songs.

The level of the two sentences at the end of each side is not only uneven, but also does not fundamentally violate the law of "flat top, flat top", which is a variant couplet. If it is a long couplet, it doesn't matter; If it is a short couplet, it is a bit awkward to read. Two or four sentences on each side are especially obvious.

The feet of two sentences on each side are flat, and its variant is "flat and flat", such as the couplet in the main hall of Shendetang, Taiwan Province Province:

Ask for flowers, no one laughs;

There are thousands of stones, and there are words to pass on.

The feet of three sentences on each side are flat, and its variant is "flat and flat, flat and flat", such as a fruit shop couplet:

Famous fruits are on display, plums sink into the water and chestnuts burn in the fire;

New products should be on the market, including red cherries and green bananas.

There are four flat feet on each side, and its variation is "flat and flat, flat and flat". Such as Luzhou Yuchan Mountain Jin Ao Pavilion Alliance:

Look at the scenery in Ludi: twists and turns, surrounded by the Fujiang River, and Wan Li closes its eyes on the flat ground.

The number of victories in southern Sichuan: jade cicada is green, Aoge is golden, and the cloud lock is locked for one day.

For sentences with two or four sentences on each side, it is more common to use positive case. In the case of variation, it is not difficult to find examples of two or three sentences on both sides; More than four sentences on each side, not one.

Zhong's "Chengdu Wangjiang Lou Chang Lian" is also a couplet in different languages;

Several floors support Dongfeng alone. Close to Shuiyao Mountain, it provides a painting spectrum: snow gathering in the green ridge, smoke scattering in the white river, glow drying and dyeing in Tsing Yi.

Fog. Poets sometimes miss the past, and soldiers sometimes raise their abilities. Only the poor stamens fall, and the spring mirror is buried early; Batch loquat lonely, empty.

Green villa incense grave. I have mixed feelings about this. A smiling butterfly is always in a dream. Try to shout from above: ask this half.

Jiang Yue, whose property is it?

The changes have been amazing for thousands of years. Play the hero: jump over the mountain to climb the dragon, plunge down the hill to climb the phoenix, and crouching tiger sings at the bottom of the well.

Frog. Suddenly iron Ma Jinge, suddenly silver surplus province di. If Long song doesn't write short poems, throw some idle hate and worry; Go back to the bar and enjoy yourself.

It's windy and rainy, and I'm sad, and I'm nowhere to go. Jumped to death and finally fell into the trap of Gankun. And bow to the dangerous ladder: Let's see which one it is.

A cloud, is it my God?

Pick out the parallelism at the end of the sentence. The upper part is "parallel, parallel, parallel, parallel" and the lower part is "parallel". The first part is double flat and double flat, and the second part is double flat and double flat, but this is different from the positive case. Some books interrupt after "asking questions" in order to relax, just to break the horseshoe rhyme.

In some long couplets, the level of sentence feet is arranged in sections according to the meaning. As long as each section conforms to the rules of "flat top, flat top and flat top", it is also considered to conform to the horseshoe rhyme.

Nanjing Mochou Lake wins the chess building, which is divided into two sections. The first section:

Wang Xian Tom, Kuang Dai still exists.

The feet in this section are flat. Section 2:

Don't say the rise and fall of Sang Hai, arrange curtain bamboo to borrow a game of Go to win.

The feet in this section are "flush". The bottom line is that the river is romantic and has not disappeared today. Also clean up the lakes and mountains, and clean up the bamboo slips and beams.

Dong, wait for the amphibious swallow to return. Contrary to the above sentence, the situation is the same.

Li Lianfang, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, with couplets, is divided into three sections. The first section:

Millennium success comes from the world.

The feet in this section are flat. Section 2:

Look at Phoenix Island, Ying Ge Goose Island, Yellow Crane Fishing Ground, and Qingchuan Jiege. This is a beautiful spring and autumn, leaving only a remnant of water.

The feet in this section are "even, even, even". Section 3:

When Cui Hao wrote a poem, Violet put pen to paper.

The feet in this section are "flush". The second part is "Wanli Yangtze River, how many people have washed it? Watching the sunset in Hankou, Dongting rises far, Xiaoxiang.

Night rain, cloud dreams, a lot of drunken amorous feelings, leaving only faint smoke to shine at night. Let go of the narrow world and pay attention to the flute and crane shadow.

Hang ",contrary to the above sentence, the situation is the same.

There is a long couplet in Daguanlou, Kunming, which is divided into four sections. The first section:

Five hundred miles of Dianchi Lake, running to the fundus, draped on the shore, happy and boundless.

The feet in this section are "flat". Some books don't break after the word "pool", and this paragraph becomes "flat and flat", which rhymes with horseshoe. Section 2:

The east sees God, the west sees spirit, the north sees collaterals and the south sees mourning. It is better to choose the winner than to board the board.

The feet in this section are "even, even, even". Section 3:

Taking advantage of the crab island Luozhou, combing the package in the wind and fog is more beautiful and embellished with some jade feathers and Danxia.

The feet in this section are "flat". The fourth quarter:

Live up to fragrant rice, clear sand, September hibiscus and March willow.

The feet in this section are "flat".

If we think the meaning of "don't live up to", but even so, there are still defects.

The second part is "Thousands of years of past events, remember them in my heart. Drinks the wine and sighs.

Bear, who's here? I want to learn from China Ship, Tang Biao Iron Column, Song yu fu and Yuan Dynasty Leather Bag. Wei Lie played an important role in moving mountains and rivers. Draw bead curtain

Building, the volume is not as good as the morning clouds and the evening rain, so it is broken and gives a touch of sunset to the light smoke. Only win a few points, half a river fishing, two lines of autumn.

Wild goose, a pillow of green frost ",contrary to the above sentence, is the same, but there is no semantic coherence between" doing "and" winning only "

"Don't live up to it and ..." is powerful and divided into four parts. There is no problem at all.

There are also five, six or even more segments that rhyme with horseshoes, so it is not redundant.

Those who are neither qualified nor qualified are called breaking the law.

Strictly speaking, it is also a crime, but it has not broken the law to the point of completely violating the horseshoe rhyme, so it is treated as a change of mouth. In this way, the so-called illegality here is limited to positive cases.

There are many couplets that don't obey the horseshoe rhyme at all, so I don't need to go into details. The reason why this happens is that most of them are not familiar with the rules of horseshoe rhyme; There are also free exhibitions, which are not bound by horseshoe rhyme. Whether it belongs to the former or the latter, the overall appearance of couplets is different and can be distinguished.

Lin Changyi said: "(Law Fu) sometimes evolved from the Six Dynasties, so it is not necessary to stick to the rope ruler, and so is the couplet." This kind of couplet "does not stick to the rope scale", if it is determined by the content, it is inconvenient to change, and it is not necessary to cut the foot and fit the shoes. Nowadays, long couplets, including many famous couplets, do not conform to the horseshoe rhyme or not. Although the famous artists broke the law, they still "strategize and unite as one", but after all, the art is insufficient. Beginners should be more strict, otherwise they can't enter the room.

There are several situations that should be noted:

-the foot of a sentence is a tautology, and sometimes tautology should only be treated as a sentence, which is consistent with horseshoe rhyme:

Lv Chunyang will be drunk after three passes. Poetry? Ruye? Official? Ye Xian? Where were those lost times before me? , made me cry.

At first glance, this couplet of Yueyang Tower doesn't conform to horseshoe rhyme. If the word "yeah" is regarded as one, and the foot of the sentence is "flat and flat", it fits the horseshoe rhyme. Judging from the existing complex sentence materials, some authors think so.

-intentional use of some skills, unable to abide by the rules of horseshoe rhyme. Such as "Mr. Dong":

The discussion is called the general director, and the work is also called the general director. What is the value of the general director? What's more, the pseudo-general director is the same as the real director. There are several directors, but none.

A Dong can't have a name, but I don't know his name.

Mr. Jiao and Mr. Sing came again, and Mr. Wang was a disgrace. If a woman is given to a man, she will give up before she is born.

His life is what Xi said, and the sacrifice that the speaker said.

It is impossible to repeat the word "Dong" twice, and then use the word "General Dong" upside down, and then use the word "understand" with the same pronunciation as "Dong" after the word "Dong", and then take into account the horseshoe rhyme. This situation cannot be regarded as illegal. The foot of the next sentence is the same, but the words are different and the level is opposite.

-foot rhyme, no horseshoe rhyme. There are few rhyming couplets. The couplet of the "general director" in front is a bit shadowy, but it is not a couplet characterized by rhyme. Mr. He Danru's "Spring Race" in Foshan, Guangdong Province only belongs to this category. Li Anyun:

New acquaintance, old acquaintance, spring night appointment. When is the evening? It's the same moonlight color. Look for it.

Swimming here, swimming there, the scenery is so happy. The situation is that there are several tea houses and restaurants before and after, all of which have been booked.

The last sentence of this couplet is full of footnotes. "The Whole Rhyme of Poetry and Fu": "Mo, Gu Zhi." ), the feet of the next couplet are all flat (especially rhyming), and there is no flat alternation, which naturally has nothing to do with horseshoe rhyme.

One thing must be emphasized, whether short or long, the feet of the last sentence of the first couplet must be flat, and the feet of the last sentence of the second couplet must be flat. This has become an inviolable statute under normal circumstances. On Deng Zilong s study couplets;

Moon-slanting poetry dreams of thinness,

The wind dispersed the ink and flowers.

-

Hu's title "Guangzhou Five-story Building Association:

Wuling comes from the north, and Zhuhai is most suitable for moonlit nights.

Looking at the tower in the evening, the white clouds are still autumn in the Han Dynasty.

-

Li Yu's topic is Beijing Shanxi Association:

I haven't heard that Anshi abandoned Dongshan, and the public can't have a garden. The sages are ancient;

It is said that Shaoling opens a mansion, but he only has this wish, which is different from today.

-

Hong Kong-Kowloon Song Cheng Alliance:

Drink a hundred glasses of wine and talk about heroes. When you are on the road, how can you change at will?

Hundreds of thousands of pearls are rich and luxurious. Praise the poem and be polite, and admire the parrot in front. The sound of the building is heavy, which makes the virtue unforgettable.

-

In the above four cases, the foot of the last sentence in the first part of the couplet is silent, and the foot of the last sentence in the second part is flat. The reason for this is that because the previous link is suppressed at the end, it is easy to forward to the next link; At the end of the second couplet, there is a aftertaste after reading it. If the last uplink is unbalanced, it will give people the feeling that the transmission time interval between uplink and downlink is too long; If the couplets are finally pressed down, the aftertaste will be gone.

The foot of the last sentence of the first couplet is flat, and the foot of the last sentence of the second couplet is faint. Since the Song Dynasty. Originally ambiguous, it is extremely rare now, and most of them are forced. In the fifty-third chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, there is such a couplet in Jia Ancestral Hall: "The liver and brain are smeared on the ground, and the surname Zhao relies on the grace of self-restraint; Fame and fortune are all over the world, and hundreds of generations are steaming. " Huang Xing used such a couplet to contact Song Jiao Ren: "Kill Wu Luzhen the year before last, Zhang Zhenwu last year, and kill Song Jiao Ren this year;" You said Ying Guixin, he said Zhao Bingjun, and I said Yuan Shikai. "The feet of the last sentence of these two couplets are flat. Cao Xueqin's writing is influenced by parallel prose, while Huang Xing's writing is because the names "Song" and "Yuan Shikai" are not interchangeable. Such couplets are neither positive nor abnormal, let alone illegal, and can only be regarded as special cases.

Understanding the application law of flat feet can not only help us avoid mistakes, but also help us find problems. There is a joint view that Zhan Tianyou, an outstanding railway engineering expert in China in the late Qing Dynasty, founded the first railway school in China in order to train transport talents. People wrote couplets to congratulate each other. A newspaper said in a joint article that there is such a couplet, which tells the track of China railway development: "From now on, I will learn the art of building a house and then worry;" Fly to the dust to sell clues, and stay in Yunlu Shupengcheng. "This couplet is obviously a combination of two couplets. Because from the content point of view, there is no organic connection between up and down; Sub-clause foot, upper joint flat, lower joint flat, can be self-contained It is against the rules of horseshoe rhyme to use two flat lines as the flat lines at the end of the last sentence of couplets. But the upper couplet is a chord pair and the lower couplet is a right pair, which also shows that it is correct to divide this couplet into two pairs from one side. Another example is Du Ci's couplet in Xi Niutou Temple, Shaanxi Province. A book is broken like this: "The first place is always not a true slanting moon, and it is half a cure for invading the Buddha country; If the ancients can be a cold spring, they must keep the king of poetry. " Jiangxi Ganzhou Eight Scenes Taiwan Union, a book is broken into "Zhang Commune Shuangliu, pitching the vicissitudes of the world, and the clouds rise from the sky; The high platform meets the eight views, which is vaguely the hometown of the city and comes from dreams. " These two couplets, according to this face, the former are all couplets, and the middle of the latter doesn't know what a word means. If we check the horseshoe rhyme pattern of two or three lines on each side of "Ping, Ping" and "Ping, Ping, Ping", we will find that these two lines are wrong. If we say that "the first place is always untrue, the slanting moon and half a rule invade the Buddha country: the ancients can do it." It's easy to understand, the high platform meets eight scenes, vaguely battlements, and my hometown comes in a misty rain dream.

Application of Three Horseshoe Rhymes in Conversation

Besides the rules at the end of a sentence, the use of horseshoe rhyme should also include the rules in the sentence. Because the arrangement of flat lines in a sentence is restricted by the flat lines at the end of the sentence. This makes it two aspects of a system, which cannot be separated from the basic principles.

The so-called rule in a sentence is the rule of alternating flat and level in a sentence. The rules of alternate leveling are relatively simple. If it is a five-or seven-word sentence, it is just like a general sentence, and there is no difference between positive and negative cases.

There are only four types of five-character sentences. There are two sentences that are closed (the last word is closed):

It's flat and flat.

It's even.

The two sentences are flat (the last word is flat):

It is flat.

Flat and light.

Because the latter two are just the opposite of the former two, we can deduce the latter two as long as we remember the former two.

Seven words only add two words on the basis of five words, and its hierarchy only adds two levels or two lines on the basis of five words. Its rule is: if the first word of a five-character sentence is flat, add two words before it:

(Mm-hmm) Just plain.

Even number.

If the word at the beginning of the five-sentence is an ambiguous word, add two levels before it:

(average) average.

Flat, flat.

Remove all the brackets from the four sentences, and it is a seven-character sentence. Since the latter two are just the opposite of the former two, we only need to remember the former two, and the latter two can be deduced.

There are three levels or connections between "(Ping) Ping and Ping" and "(Ping) Ping and Ping". Because of the rhythm of the original poem, it can be regarded as "(Ping) Ping and Ping" from the perspective of horseshoe rhyme. If the middle three levels and three levels can be divided into two rhythms, it is not a problem to match the horseshoe rhyme.

The ancients said "135 regardless" (five words mean "135 regardless"), which means that the first, third and fifth words of the seven laws (the first and third words of the five laws) can be even or even. This statement is recorded in the Guide to Rhyme Cutting, and Mr. Wang Li's two books, Rhythm of China Poetry and Rhyme of Poetry, have special notes. This generalization may be helpful to beginners, but it will also cause some misunderstandings. Because the collected sentences are like this, the flat collected sentences are not: the third word of "flat and flat" (the five laws are the first case) must be flat, otherwise it will be lonely (except for the foot of the sentence, the whole sentence has only one flat sound); The fifth word (the third word of the five laws) of "flat tone" must be flat tone, otherwise there will be a three-level ending (also called "three-level tone", that is, the last three words of the sentence are flat tone). "Lonely and flat" and "three flat tails" are not allowed in rhyme, nor are they allowed in couplets.

Because the upper and lower couplets are opposite, when the upper couplet is a closed sentence, the corresponding part of the lower couplet is a closed sentence. Five-character couplet and seven-character couplet are relatively fixed because there is only one sentence on each side. For more than one sentence on both sides, it depends on the situation, because there is a problem that the foot of the sentence should match the rhyme of horseshoe. Take four sentences on each side as an example, the foot of the upper joint sentence is "flush", that is, the first sentence should be flat, the second and third sentences should be flat, and the fourth sentence should be flat. Downlink is the opposite.

There are two types of Si-sentence: "Ping-even" and "Ping-even" (the variation caused by Ping-even part is included in this range and need not be listed separately. The same below), supporting the use. For example:

Pepper flowers are dedicated,

Liquor welcomes the spring.

There are four kinds of three-sentence sentences. Among them, "flat and flat" and "flat and flat" are used together. For example:

Footstone;

Bamboo is downwind.

"Pingping" and "Pingping" are used together. For example:

Three-foot sword,

Five cars of books.

There are four kinds of two sentences. Among them, "Ping" and "Ping" are used together. For example:

Poetic infatuation;

Painting idiot.

"Cuochuo" and "Pingping" are used together. For example:

Yue Jun;

Qing Xiang.

There are two words, used together. For example:

Land;

Jesus Christ.

The so-called "collocation" in front is arranged in the order that the feet are flat when the sentence is independent. If it is not an independent couplet, but only as a part of the couplet (for example, used as a leader in the couplet) or as a sentence in a multi-sentence couplet, it will be different. Its law is: if the upper couplet uses flat and parallel sentences, the lower couplet uses flat and parallel sentences in the corresponding position; If the upper couplet uses the flat and even sentence, the lower couplet uses the flat and even sentence in the corresponding position. This is true for sentences with more than six or eight words.

The so-called "sentences with more than six words" refers to sentences with more than six words, which can be stopped rhythmically, but cannot be completely disconnected.

Six-character sentences have two basic levels: flat, flat and flat, and most of them are "24" rhythms. For example, if a hotel is linked (only the standard type is used for grading, the same below):

Iron man-three cups of soft feet,

King Kong-Deng shook his head.

Some six-character sentences have the rhythm of "First Five-Year Plan". For example, an oil mill:

Ben- fatty liquid,

Produced by-halogen repellent.

Some six-character sentences are "four-two" rhythms. For example:

Snow Spring-Yi Yi;

High mountains and flowing water-love.

Some six-character sentences have the rhythm of "222". For example:

Mandarin fish-whale play-clam collection,

Penglai-abbot-Yingzhou.

Some six-character sentences can also be used as the rhythm of "May Day" and "March 3rd". Those who create the May Day rhythm have no role models; Those who do the "three-three" rhythm are easily completely out of touch, so I won't list them here.

For more than eight words, each one can pause at a different rhythm like a six-word sentence. The more words, the more ways to pause. Let's choose eight words, ten words and thirteen words, and give an example each.

Jin Chengfu holding Wang Yunsheng United and other eight words:

For the motherland-throw away your loyalty. Participating in the discussion of state affairs, observing people's feelings, driving crayons and writing heroic essays contributed greatly to his success. All * * *

Long March, Spring Festival, Tiger Leaping in Yue Long, Waiting for Triumph.

On personal friendship-being a good teacher and friend. Self-discipline, generosity, diligence and courage have inspired us for decades. Yichengcheng

Farewell, how can you feel sorry for the full moon and fondling the present?

Generally speaking, this couplet doesn't rhyme with horseshoe. The first sentence of the upper and lower couplets is eight words, with the rhythm of "three to five". The first three words all conform to the rule of three sentences. In the last five words, the first part of the two couplets should be flat, and the second part should be flat, because both couplets can be flat and flat. The first part is used to avoid five kinds of flat characters, and the second part is used to avoid five kinds of flat characters. The five sentences are still the same. However, due to the rhythmic pause of the first three words, the words beginning with the last five words can be used in the same way.

Ten sentences, such as:

Li Chenxian-If you want to exchange thousands of gold and fur for wine,

Tao Pengze-Don't bend over for five buckets of rice.

This couplet can be divided into "Sanqi" rhythm. The first three words of the upper and lower couplets are flush and all conform to the three-sentence pattern. The last seven words are combined with seven-character sentence method; The first word of the next couplet can be flush, and it is not illegal to use the word "no" when it is flush. Only the penultimate word is flat. Use the word "fold" to make the whole sentence flat. However, the idiom "five measures of rice don't bend over" can't be changed, although the word "fold" doesn't conform to the seven-character sentence law, it's just nice.

Zhuxian Town Yuefei Temple Trade Union and other thirteen words:

If Sri Zhu Xian dies, knowing that the gold medal was called to the north that day, the word "grievance" will definitely crush you-you are a heinous "dirty" prime minister;

If you live next door to Guan Sheng, you will see the fighters spinning south here, and everyone will cry. You will save my loyal and patriotic general.

Clauses should be flat and peaceful alternately. The bottom line completely conforms to the rule of three words, two words and four sentences. The eight-character "four-four" after the top line also conforms to the four-character rule. Although the word "black" is flat, it is ok because it can be flat. Only "thirty-two" (that is, the word "you") is all flat, and it is illegal not only that there is no flat alternation in couplets, but also that there is no flat opposition in bottom couplets. If the words "fixed pen" and "you are here" are changed to flat voice, it will comply with the law, but I am afraid it is difficult to take care of the content.

Five-character sentences and seven-character sentences, if they can't stop at the normal rhythm of sentences, can also stop at the abnormal rhythm according to the actual situation. For example, the sentence "Jade Carving Bar" can be paused as "Jade Carving Bar" (one or four rhythms), and the level line is marked as "Flat" according to one sentence and four sentences. The sentence "When was Cui Hao's poem inscribed" can be paused as "When was Cui Hao's poem inscribed" (three or four rhythms), and even and even words are marked as "even and even" according to three or four sentences.

In a word, no matter how long the couplets are, they can be divided into several words and paragraphs according to the rhythm, and they can be handled according to the law that several words and sentences are leveled. A couplet is completely divided into several sentences with different lengths, and this principle is also applicable to the treatment of its leveling.

If the rules in the sentence are included in the scope of horseshoe rhyme, the overall application of couplets can be expressed by the word "horseshoe rhyme", and its rules are simple and easy to master.