Reflections on the protection of cultural buildings?

Qingguo Lane is a Gu Xiang in the center of Changzhou, which is built by the river. It was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal entered Xishuiguan from Wenheng Bridge, passed through Xiatang from east to west, and wound eastward from Dongshuiguan through the city. According to legend, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Qingguo Lane became a distribution center for all kinds of fruits from south to north because of the canal, so it was named "Guo Qian Lane", also known as "Qingguo Lane". "Changzhou Fu" says: "When you walk into Qianguo Lane, peaches, plums, plums and colors are all old." After the canal was diverted, the name of this alley remains to this day. The historical and cultural connotation of Qingguo Lane is extremely rich. For hundreds of years, because of its "scholarly, Mohe fragrance", talents come forth in large numbers. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 100 Jinshi coming out of Qingguo Lane, and many of them have won the honors of "No.1 scholar" and "biography", ranking the top two in official positions. In modern times, many celebrities have emerged, such as Sheng Xuanhuai, Qu Qiubai, Zhao Yuanren and Zhou Youguang. There are many celebrities' former residences, temples, theaters, bridges, steles and ancient wells in Qingguo Lane. Up to now, there are nearly 20 former residences of celebrities such as Tang Jingchuan, Li Boyuan, Sheng Xuanhuai and Zhao Yuanren. The historical origin, humanistic connotation and classical architecture of Qingguo Lane are unique not only in Changzhou, but also rare in Jiangsu Province, and its historical and cultural value is immeasurable.

Second, the problems behind Changzhou's economic prosperity

(1) Over the past 30 years of rapid economic development and reform and opening-up, Changzhou, known as "China and Ukraine complement each other and eight cities are famous", has made use of the great geographical advantages of the central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, persisted in taking reform and opening-up and scientific and technological innovation as the driving force, focused on developing the economy and improving people's livelihood, focused on industrialization, urbanization and modernization, focused on economic work and major project construction, and strived to consolidate the development foundation. The city's national economy has achieved a qualitative leap on the basis of total breakthrough and industrial upgrading on the basis of structural adjustment. The overall development level and quality have been steadily improved, the material foundation has been continuously enhanced, and the comprehensive strength has been significantly improved, occupying an important position in Jiangsu's national economic development. (See table 1) From table 1, we can easily see that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Changzhou's GDP doubled, and the per capita GDP level also improved greatly. As of 20 12, the GDP growth rate of Changzhou in recent years has exceeded 10%, which is ahead of the national development level in the same period. (2) The protection of historic buildings is imminent. With the changes of the times and the vicissitudes of history, only ordinary people in Changzhou now live in Qingguo Lane. We can only recall the past that "the green fruits are unripe and Qiu Lai is full of fragrance". In such a bustling city, Qingguo Lane is an incredible place, surrounded by rows of high-rise buildings, just like a paradise. This is a typical water town building in the south of the Yangtze River. Bridges, flowing water and mossy stone roads are telling its history. In the 1980s, Qingguo Lane can still maintain its original appearance, and buildings everywhere exude the charm of Jiangnan Water Town. As early as 1987, it was announced by Changzhou municipal government as Changzhou historical and cultural protection zone. However, due to historical reasons, Qingguo Lane has not been completely protected and repaired. In recent ten years, with the acceleration of urban construction, many buildings around Qingguo Lane have been demolished, and some original parts that are not in harmony with modern commercial streets have been demolished for the development of urban south street. It has been demolished or rebuilt many times, and now it is beyond recognition. Only its main block covers less than half of its original area. The momentum of the past is gone, and the protection work is imminent.

Three. Discussion on the contradiction between economic development and historical buildings.

So economic development will definitely have a negative impact on historical and cultural buildings? At present, there are two opinions in the society: on the one hand, with the deepening of urbanization, the contradiction between urban construction and cultural heritage protection is extremely prominent. Many historical buildings are located in the city center, just like Qingguo Lane in Changzhou. Under the pressure of huge demand for urban development space and increasing shortage of land supply, vicious incidents of demolishing historical buildings and developing real estate for short-term economic benefits have occurred from time to time, which has brought irreparable harm to the protection of cultural heritage, urban texture and personality characteristics. Feng Jicai, a famous scholar, also believes that the protection of historical heritage is under unprecedented impact. Faced with such an impact, on the one hand, we should strengthen the awareness of cultural protection of the whole society, on the other hand, we need to constantly improve various concepts, methods and experiences to solve the practical problems of historical building protection. On the other hand, some scholars believe that the protection of historical and cultural cities and economic development are not contradictory, but can promote each other. This is not uncommon at home and abroad. The smoke of World War II almost destroyed the whole of Britain. In the process of choosing the reconstruction method, the urban decision-makers did not build a new city to replace it, but restored and recast it on the original site, creating immeasurable economic benefits for the future. The same is true in Lijiang, China, where the service industry accounts for nearly 50% and the fiscal revenue accounts for more than 85%. These are all due to its special city image and historical accumulation. This can also prove that the protection of historical and cultural buildings is valuable and will increase in value. The problems existing in the protection process of Qingguo Lane can be summarized as follows: First, ignoring relevant laws and regulations and forcibly demolishing cultural relics and ancient buildings. Some units and developers are reckless, and even worse, they report to the relevant departments after the demolition of cultural relics. This quick success over protection will cause permanent damage to ancient buildings. Secondly, the cooperation between departments is not enough, and the guarantee is difficult to implement. Some units either do not actively provide housing files, or refuse to pay for the construction of ancient cultural relics in sign production under various pretexts. The surrounding residents don't know that it is a cultural relic building, and they use it at will or even destroy it, which leads to the basic protection of ancient buildings in name only. Finally, the repair method is improper. Some ancient buildings with cultural relics are occupied by schools and related enterprises. Many of these buildings have been transformed by users, and modern doors and windows, stairs and brick walls have been installed. These ancient buildings are unrecognizable. They put economic benefits before social benefits and over-manage enterprises, resulting in the "four unlike" of protecting buildings.

Fourth, solve the problem from an economic perspective.

From the perspective of economics, the protection and cultural inheritance of Qingguoxiang block should be a synthesis of goods and articles. From the perspective of architecture, its historical imprint and the effective use of developers can become high-value goods; In addition, from the perspective of cultural heritage and art, it is also a public object for the public to pay tribute to. Therefore, its complexity should be fully considered when studying its costs and benefits. Judging from the current development situation of Qingguo Lane, firstly, the developer will incur certain expenses in the process of obtaining the block development right; Then there is the cost of renovation and repair in the short term; Finally, the daily management and maintenance costs after completion. In the past, it was precisely because of the high cost of repairing historical and cultural buildings that developers who only looked at short-term interests were discouraged. From the perspective of income, in addition to the daily rent, there are also commercial income from public places, as well as the future prosperity of regional real estate and commerce due to the high value of blocks. But these benefits need more time to accumulate, so smart developers should have foresight. Therefore, how to balance costs and benefits, and even realize income generation, should be the key to solve.

(1) The corporate strategy of pursuing "blue ocean" enterprises to surpass the traditional industrial competition and create new markets is "blue ocean strategy". The "blue ocean" here is not a field without competition, but a brand-new market field obtained through differentiation, where enterprises can obtain faster growth and higher profits by virtue of their innovative ability. When it comes to the protection of historical and cultural buildings, the same is true. How to find the unique beauty of the block in protection and develop it is particularly important. As mentioned earlier, there are so many famous people at home and abroad in a short Qingguo Lane, such as Liu Guojun, a patriotic industrialist, Tang Jingchuan, one of the "Three Masters of Jiajing", and Zhou Youguang, a modern linguist "the father of Pinyin". Among them, celebrity culture and humanistic atmosphere should be the unique beauty of this block and must be highlighted. Therefore, three cultural axes can be formed on the basis of the original building: the axis to show the traditional culture of Qingguo Lane, to restore the former residence of Ming and Qing Dynasties with the Tang Eighth Courtyard as the main body, to highlight the juxtaposition of the north and south courtyards of Qingguo Lane, and to organically integrate celebrity culture, traditional business and folk culture on this basis to show the long-standing traditional culture of Qingguo Lane; The scenic tour axis of the ancient canal, with the theme of canal culture, restores the natural form of ancient buildings, ports and bridges on both sides of Nanshi River, organically combines with the tour planning of the ancient canal, and shows the scenic features of the ancient canal with patchwork water and white walls and tiles. Tianjing Lane Ancient Street Experience Axis, with the theme of exploring secluded places in Gu Xiang, restores the original texture of darning streets and lanes, organically connects Tianjing Lane with surrounding streets and lanes, and forms criss-crossing streets and lanes extending in all directions, forming a representative street and lane experience space of Changzhou Ancient City.

(2) To achieve a high degree of harmony between urban economic development and cultural protection, we must grasp the "degree". Among them, "Kuanzhai Lane" in Chengdu is a successful model. As a brand-new "business card" of Chengdu's cultural tourism and a "living fossil" of Chengdu, Kuanzhai Lane has successfully avoided the abnormal migration of residents similar to that of Old Town of Lijiang, Yunnan, without losing the historical authenticity and living life of the block, completely retaining the last vestiges of the urban pattern of "a thousand years less cities" and the original architectural pattern of old Chengdu for a hundred years, and at the same time incorporating fashion elements, showing its diverse charm. There are nearly 50 building communities in the core area of the alley, which are composed of quadrangles, garden buildings, house-style boutique hotels and other unique building communities, and the scale is relatively low and concentrated. At present, a large number of well-known merchants at home and abroad have settled in Kuanzhai Lane, and many cultural celebrities have also settled in. In 2008, Louis Vuitton held a Louis Vuitton classic car parade in Chengdu. As the first stop in China, Kuanzhai Lane officially entered the world's vision. The marketing model of increasing influence through linkage with international first-line brand activities is worth learning. Applying this model flexibly to the reconstruction and development of Qingguoxiang block, the existence of aborigines adds a lot of life breath and realism. In addition, creative market, theme activities, the second class of history education and so on not only protect and publicize architecture and culture, but also promote the development of regional economy, killing two birds with one stone. We should be alert to the problems that often appear in the development of ancient towns in China, such as "holiday economy", "cloning of development model", similarity of tourism resources, and usurping the role of master with fake antiques. We should always put cultural and social benefits first.

The general trend of China's economic development is irreversible. As people are optimistic about the economic situation, we can't ignore the ancient buildings and blocks that have stood for hundreds of years in the city. They tell immortal legends and inherit the fine traditions of our ancestors. Professor Ruan, the guardian of the ancient city, once said, where is the charm of our city? Besides wearing the same cement and steel coat, how many memories can you relive? It doesn't matter if you throw away your clothes. Throwing away valuable ancient buildings is equivalent to throwing away the mother-in-law bridge. Therefore, in this era of giving priority to economic benefits, we must call on all sectors of society to take action so that the protection of historical and cultural buildings and economic construction can develop in harmony and benefit each other!

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