Introduction to Kamchatka tourist attractions Kamchatka Encyclopedia

Is Kamchatka Peninsula fun? Kamchatka Peninsula Travel Guide

Volcano Fountain Death Valley Kamchatka Peninsula is an excellent place to visit. What natural landscapes can you see? ?What are the characteristics of these local landscapes? Next, the editor has sorted out some related content, come and take a look!

The Kamchatka Peninsula is located in the Far East of Russia, bordering Okho to the west. The Cihai Sea, bounded by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea to the east, is about 1,200 kilometers long from north to south, about 480 kilometers at its widest point, and covers an area of ??about 370,000 square kilometers.

Volcanoes

Kamchatka is one of the most volcanically active places in the world. Various volcanic phenomena such as geysers and mineral-rich hot springs can fully prove this. There are more than 300 volcanoes on the peninsula (including calderas, stratovolcanoes, outer volcanoes and mixed-type volcanoes), 29 of which are very active. Lyuchevskaya volcano is the highest volcano in Eurasia, with an altitude of 4,750 meters; there are many extinct volcanoes in the Krosky Nature Reserve in the south.

The Kamchatka volcano complex is one of the most famous volcanic areas in the world. It has a high density of active volcanoes with different types and characteristics. Five volcanoes with different characteristics form the unique landscape of Kamchatka Peninsula.

Fountains

There are many hot and cold fountains on the peninsula. There are 85 hot fountains alone. There are also rare geysers, most of which are in the Kroski Nature Reserve. The fountains have different compositions, including acidic springs, sulfur springs, ammonia-alkali springs, etc. Among the geysers, the "Giant's Spring" is the most spectacular.

Although the eruption time of this spring is not long, it is very strong. First, the spring water fills the outlet, then bubbles and boils. Finally, a huge water column suddenly rises into the sky, with a height of 10 to 15 meters. The entire spring erupts. The river valley was shrouded in clouds and mist. In an instant, the river was gurgling, the springs were gurgling, the steam was steaming, and the underground was rumbling, which was thrilling. In the Shunaya River tributary area where geysers are densely packed, the springs are spraying out, rising and falling, and the clouds and mist are shrouded, which is another scene.

Death Valley

Death Valley is located at the foothills of the Kichpinech volcano, upstream of the Geyser River, and in the southern part of the Kroski Reserve. The canyon is 2,000 meters long, 100 to 300 meters wide, and more than 1,000 meters above sea level. There are mountain streams passing through the valley and the water is crystal clear. The valley is surrounded by steep cliffs and the peaks are covered with snow. The west slope here has lush vegetation, but the east side is bare. The canyon is often filled with gauze-like mist.

30 interesting facts about Kamchatka: King crabs are not crabs

Remote and desolate, mysterious and harsh, this is basically the world’s impression of Kamchatka. As shown in the documentary "Kamchatka-A Forgotten Peninsula" shot by "VDud" in 2020, it is mysterious and forgotten.

This article introduces 30 interesting facts about the Kamchatka Peninsula:

1. The Kamchatka Peninsula covers an area of ??about 270,000 square kilometers, which is almost the same as the entire area of ??New Zealand.

2. Kamchatka’s Klyuchev volcano (Ключевская сопка) is 4,835 meters high. It is the tallest volcano in Eurasia and the youngest volcano. It was only born about 7,000 years ago. . It is worth mentioning that, generally speaking, all volcanoes here are called hills by locals.

3. The entire peninsula, as well as part of the mainland, administratively belongs to the Kamchatka region. Only about 300,000 people live here, only one 42nd of the total population of Moscow. The population density here is one of the lowest in the world, with only 0.68 people per square kilometer.

4. Many things in Kamchatka are more expensive than in Moscow. The idea is simple: every pair of jeans, every can of soda, every bar of chocolate had to be shipped from a great distance, and the shipping costs are built into the final price of the item.

5. There are about 300 volcanoes in Kamchatka Peninsula, but many of them have been dormant for a long time. Observations predict that only 28 to 36 volcanoes are active and erupt from time to time. For example, the Klyuchev volcano erupted approximately five times in a hundred years.

6. The famous Pacific Ring of Fire passes through the Kamchatka Peninsula, which is the most volcanic and earthquake-prone area on earth. According to many characteristics, Kamchatka is one of the most seismically active regions.

7. Despite the harsh climate in the interior of the peninsula, ancient humans lived here during the Stone Age. There are Koryak people, Itelmen people and Ainu people, etc.

8. During the Soviet period, foreigners were prohibited from visiting the Kamchatka Peninsula because of its naval base. Furthermore, even Soviet citizens had to obtain special documents to gain access.

9. More than half of Kamchatka’s population lives in Petropavlovsk, the capital of Kamchatka, the largest city on the peninsula. This is one of the oldest Russian cities in the Far East, founded in 1740.

10. Contrary to popular belief, the climate of Kamchatka is not absolutely harsh and can be said to be pleasant to some extent. In coastal areas, the maximum and minimum temperatures are only 30 C and -30 C, which is much better than in Siberia. But in the interior of the peninsula, the climate is much harsher than on the coast.

11. Tourists arriving in Kamchatka are usually taken to the tourist center by helicopter. Most helicopters are very old and are left over from the Soviet era. They have been retired from the army, but they are used in tourist attractions. Do you dare to sit on them?

12. Visitors to Kamchatka are not allowed to wander alone anywhere, nor are they allowed to go outside the fenced range of the tourist base without the company of an armed hunter. As you can guess, there are a lot of bears here. !

13. The world-famous Valley of Geysers, located in Kamchatka Peninsula, is one of the largest geyser fields in the world. Due to the unique microclimate, an equally unique ecosystem has developed here over time.

14. The Russians first arrived in Kamchatka in 1651. However, many years have passed and the area remains undeveloped.

15. Nowadays, everyone can fly to Kamchatka Peninsula easily and quickly. But in the past, it usually took travelers 8-12 months to get here from the European part of Russia to Kamchatka.

16. Kamchatka Peninsula is named after the local Kamchatka River. Kamchatka rivers are considered one of the cleanest rivers in the world because they are free from pollution and originate from glaciers.

17. Although the temperatures in Kamchatka are not very warm, there are salamanders, lizards and frogs, the only amphibians on the peninsula. Among them, the grass frog only appeared here in 2005 and was brought from the Moscow region.

18. In Kamchatka, there are often small depressions in the ground where liquid mud boils. Viewed from above, they may sometimes go unnoticed as they are sometimes covered with a layer of dry mud. However, steam rising from above will expose them.

19. There are many brown bears here. They are similar in many ways to their temperate relatives, but differ in taste preferences: they prefer to eat fish caught in local rivers.

20. Some people believe that Kamchatka is a wasteland with sparse vegetation. But the facts are astonishing: more than 1,200 different species of higher plants grow here, and about 700 species of fish are found in the surrounding ocean, rivers and lakes on the peninsula.

21. The ancient volcano in Kamchatka Peninsula, Uzon Volcano, has long since calmed down. The lake formed in its crater is one of the most toxic chloride lakes in the world.

The waters around it are filled with chemicals flowing from volcanoes, so only a few bacteria and primitive single-celled algae can survive in them. Any stream that flows from a chloride lake is essentially a dilute solution of sulfuric acid.

22. A large part of Kamchatka is designated as a protected area. There are eight protected areas in total: five natural parks and three protected areas.

23. Compared to Chukotka, there are trees here, the most interesting of which is the birch (Берёза Эрмана). It is the most durable wood in the world, and even a steel ax will blunt quickly during the cutting process.

24. Administratively, the Kamchatka Territory also includes the Commander Islands. The Russian navigator Vitus Bering is buried here. He made two expeditions to the Kamchatka coast and died during the second expedition.

25. The nature reserve here is very strict. But basically apart from poachers, there are few threats because there are almost no people here. There are as many as 105 natural wonders on the peninsula.

26. The Kamchatka coast is surrounded by the Sea of ??Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, but on old Russian maps they are both sometimes called the Kamchatka Sea, and Russians often confuse them.

27. Kamchatka has a variety of carnivores, but most of them are small, not much larger than wolves, wolverines, and lynxes. The largest local predator is the brown bear.

28. Many cities in Russia and the former Soviet Union have streets named "Kamchatka". However, some of them were renamed after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

29. Although far away from the European part of Russia, there were even Cossacks in Kamchatka a long time ago! The first Cossacks came here in 1699 during a research expedition.

30. Everyone has heard of the famous Kamchatka king crab. But few people know that in fact, from a zoological point of view, Kamchatka crabs are not crabs, but belong to the family Decapoda, Cryptozoidae, and it is their appearance that causes confusion.

I want to travel to the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. What should I pay attention to?

Terrain

Kamchatka Peninsula

Geologically, it belongs to the Cenozoic Alpine fold belt. The Central Mountains and the Vostonich Mountains run from north to south, with the former extending along the axis of the peninsula and the latter parallel to the east coast. Between the two mountains is the central Kamchatka lowland, with the Kamchatka River flowing through it. The earth's crust is unstable, volcanoes are active, earthquakes are frequent, and there are many hot springs and geysers. The peninsula is surrounded by volcanoes

(there are 160 volcanoes, 29 of which are active volcanoes), and the central part is the Kamchatka River and valley. It is the area with the most frequent volcanic activity in the world. 19 of them are world natural heritage sites. Among them, the Klyuchev volcano in the middle part of the Vostonich Mountains has an altitude of 4,750 meters and is the highest active volcano on the peninsula.

Features

Due to the complex surface structure of the Kamchatka Peninsula, there are several different landforms, coupled with the volcanic activity process and the influence of the proximity to the ocean, it has formed a landscape similar to that of Russia. Special climatic conditions that are very different in other areas. There are amazing things in all four seasons: in winter, the cold in the northern part of the peninsula can reach minus 50 degrees, while in summer, you can sometimes enjoy sea bathing in the south of the island.

The most striking feature of the climate here is the existence of many climate zones and the changing weather conditions. The climate in winter is not only very different between coastal areas and inland, but also very different within the same climate zone.

Winter and Spring Seasons

The climate conditions in winter are very unstable: heavy snow often falls suddenly or strong winds blow. Sometimes the amount of snowfall in a day and night can reach or even exceed the monthly average

index. The coldest area on the peninsula is the central lowlands, with an average temperature of -22°C in January. If the ground is covered with snow as the beginning of winter, and the average daytime temperature above zero is considered as the end of winter, then winter in the southern part of the island lasts from November 12 to March 28 (***137 days).

The coldest months are

The average temperature in January and February is -7.5℃. The distinctive feature of winter is heavy snowfall, forming a thick layer of snow. Spring temperatures in Kamchatka are cooler and longer. The characteristic of spring should be said to be the large temperature difference between day and night, sometimes 5-7℃.

Summer and Autumn Seasons

The summer temperature in the south of the island is not high: the average temperature is 11.4℃ above zero, and can reach 13.5℃ in August, the warmest month. In summer, the sea breeze is constant during the day and the sky is mostly covered by clouds. However, the wind speed is much smaller than that in winter and spring, with an average of less than 4 meters/second. There is relatively little precipitation in summer, no more than 250 millimeters, but sometimes 50 millimeters or more can fall throughout the day and night. Autumn is from mid-September to early November. During this period, precipitation increases and wind speed increases. The average wind speed in October is 6 meters/second, while the average temperature in September is 7.5°C. The average frost-free period in Kamchatka is 112 days. There are only 1 to 6 days of warm weather with temperatures above 20°C in the coastal zone; 30 days inland; and 35 to 55 days in the Kamchatka Valley.

Precipitation

The coastal zone of Kamchatka has a predominantly maritime climate, while the inland and northern areas have a continental climate. Cyclones have a strong influence on weather formation here, often causing snowfall and long-lasting storms. It receives more rainfall than any other region in Russia, but the seasonal distribution of rainfall is very uneven. The annual precipitation in Petropavlovsk region is 1617 mm.

Animals

The main animals in Kamchatka include brown bears, moose, elk, reindeer, Siberian bighorn sheep, snow sheep, mink, sable, Arctic fox, blue fox, silver fox Fox, black-capped marmot, muskrat, Canadian beaver, Kamchatka star crow, mountain eagle, hazel grouse, salmon, etc. Some of them are endangered species in the world. Bears, snow sheep, northern deer, sables and wolverines are typical animal types of the area. There are countless kinds of birds.

In order to strengthen the protection of migratory birds, Russia and Japan signed an agreement in 1973 to establish a joint nature reserve, and the South Kamchatka Lake National Nature Reserve came into being. 50% of the world's Aleutian terns live on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Almost all rivers on the island, especially those that are unpolluted, are home to salmon, a fish that is a key link in the food chain of predatory birds and mammals. However, in recent years, illegal fishing activities near the seashore have been repeatedly banned, and modern industry has posed a great threat to the spawning grounds of salmon, so they are currently listed on Russia's endangered species list.

Brown Bear

Plants

The climate and soil of the Kamchatka volcanoes are suitable for plant growth. Although there are frequent volcanic activities here, there are quite abundant biological species growing here. There are more than 800 kinds of plants, and the plants in the mountains are distributed all the way to the seaside. Coniferous forests such as birch, spruce, and larch mainly grow in the valleys. The impact soils along the river are covered with patches of poplar, alder and willow forests. Other vegetation includes peat bogs, subalpine shrubs, alpine tundra, and even vast coastal wetlands with a width of 50 kilometers.

Landscape

Petropavlovsk Fishing Port

Kamchatka is one of the most volcanically active places in the world. Various volcanic phenomena, such as geysers and mineral-rich hot springs, can fully prove this. There are more than 300 volcanoes on the peninsula (including calderas, stratovolcanoes, outer volcanoes and mixed-type volcanoes), 29 of which have been very active recently. Lyuchevskaya volcano is the highest volcano in Eurasia, with an altitude of 4,750 meters; there are many extinct volcanoes in the Krosky Nature Reserve in the south. The center of the peninsula is surrounded by two mountain ranges, forming a quasi-continental climate, while other areas are greatly affected by the ocean. The average temperature here in January is -8℃, and the average temperature in July is 10℃; on the west coast, the temperature is significantly lower due to the influence of the cold Sea of ??Okhotsk. Precipitation conditions vary greatly in various parts of Kamchatka: the central region has an average annual precipitation of less than 400 mm, along the west coast it is about 1000 mm, while in the south it can reach 2000 mm.

Volcanoes

There are more than 160 volcanoes scattered throughout the territory, including 28 active volcanoes. The Kamchatka volcanoes are located in the Kamchatka region in the Far East of Russia. The Kamchatka Volcanic Complex is one of the most famous volcanic areas in the world, with a high density of active volcanoes of varying types and characteristics. Five volcanoes with different characteristics form the unique landscape of Kamchatka Peninsula. The peninsula's location between the European continent and the Pacific Ocean also reveals to the world the extraordinary features of its evolving volcanic activity and distinctive volcano types. In addition to its geological features, Kamchatka is also famous for its beautiful landscape and abundant wildlife.

Fountains

There are many hot and cold fountains on the peninsula. There are 85 hot fountains alone. There are also rare geysers, most of which are in the Kroski Nature Reserve. The fountains have different compositions, including acidic springs, sulfur springs, ammonia-alkali springs, etc. Among the geysers, the "Giant's Spring" is the most spectacular. Although this spring erupts not long ago, it is very powerful. First, the spring water fills the outlet, then bubbles and boils. Finally, a huge water column suddenly rises into the sky, with a spray height of up to 10 to 15 meters, and the entire valley is shrouded in clouds and mist. In an instant, the river was gurgling, the springs were gurgling, the steam was steaming, and the underground was rumbling, which was thrilling. In the Shunaya River tributary area where geysers are densely packed, the springs are spraying out, rising and falling one after another, and the clouds and mist are shrouded, which is another scenery.

Death Valley

Death Valley

Death Valley is located at the foothills of the Kichpinech volcano, upstream of the Geyser River, and in the southern part of the Kroski Reserve. The canyon is 2,000 meters long, 100 to 300 meters wide, and more than 1,000 meters above sea level. There are mountain streams passing through the valley and the water is crystal clear. The valley is surrounded by steep cliffs and the peaks are covered with snow. The west slope here has lush vegetation, but the east side is bare. The canyon is often filled with gauze-like mist. Here, whether it is a sturdy black bear or a clever field mouse, sometimes they die quickly and cannot escape their bad luck. The old people call it Death Valley. The reason is that there are sulfur-containing rock formations at the bottom of the valley, where pure sulfur is exposed, and toxic hydrogen sulfide underground gas often overflows. When the westerly wind blows, the exit of the canyon is blocked and the poisonous gas cannot rise and dissipate. The animals that come here for food are poisoned and die. Only when strong easterly and northerly winds blow, the poisonous gas in the underground will be diluted and dissipated. At this time, it is safe to enter the valley.

Tide

The tide in Pinrenna Bay in the northwest is a great spectacle. The tide is often as high as about 13 meters, which is higher than a three-story building.

Because Kamchatka has a cold climate and is located in a remote frontier, during the Russian Empire, the word "Kamchatka" was as scary as the Siberian penal colony. In the past, naughty students who were sent to the back of the classroom were often nicknamed "Kamchatka". In fact, according to historical records, no criminals have ever been exiled to Kamchatka because no guard was willing to accompany the prisoners to live in that cold, desolate and dangerous place.

Is the Kamchatka Peninsula a territory of Russia or China?

The Kamchatka Peninsula is a territory of Russia.

The Kamchatka Peninsula is located in the Russian Far East in northeastern Asia and now belongs to the Kamchatka Territory. It borders the Sea of ??Okhotsk to the west and the Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea to the east. With a length of 1,250 kilometers and an area of ??372,300 square kilometers, it is the second largest peninsula in Russia. Kamchatka Peninsula is located. It borders the Sea of ??Okhotsk to the west and the Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea to the east.

It has 127 volcanoes, 22 of which are active volcanoes. There are many fountains and hot springs. The southern tip of the peninsula houses Russia's only small geothermal power station. Most of the vegetation is tundra plants. Fishing is the only important economic activity, especially coastal crabbing. There is also a small amount of agriculture and cattle and reindeer herding. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is the main city and port.

Extended information

The animals in Kamchatka mainly include brown bears, moose, elk, reindeer, Siberian bighorn sheep, snow sheep, mink, sable, Arctic fox, blue fox, Silver fox, black-capped prairie dog, muskrat, Canadian beaver, Kamchatka star crow, mountain eagle, hazel grouse, salmon, etc.

Some of them are endangered species in the world.

Bears, snow sheep, northern deer, sables and wolverines are typical of the area's fauna, as are the various bird species.

In order to strengthen the protection of migratory birds, Russia and Japan signed an agreement in 1973 to establish a joint nature reserve, and the South Kamchatka Lake National Nature Reserve came into being.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Kamchatka Peninsula

Why is Kamchatka volcano famous?

Kamchatka Volcanoes is one of the most famous volcanic areas in the world. It has a high density of active volcanoes with different types and characteristics. Five volcanoes with different characteristics form the unique landscape of Kamchatka Peninsula. The peninsula's location between the European continent and the Pacific Ocean also reveals to the world the extraordinary features of its evolving volcanic activity and distinctive volcano types. In addition to its geological features, Kamchatka volcanoes are also famous for their beautiful landscapes and abundant wildlife.

Geographical location: The Kamchatka Peninsula is located in the cold and remote eastern border of Siberia. It stretches from the easternmost part of Siberia to the south. It is covered with ice and snow, with undulating mountains and is isolated from the world. Administratively, this place belongs to the Kamchatka region of Russia, and the Kamchatka volcanoes here are famous far and wide. Its total area is approximately 33,000 square kilometers, and its altitude ranges from sea level to 3,621 meters. The Kamchatka volcanoes are located on the Pacific Ring of Fire. The total number of active and extinct volcanoes exceeds 300, including 28 active volcanoes such as Kryuchev, Avacha, Koryak, and Bezmoney. It is the place with the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the world. These volcanoes are distributed in Bystrinsky Nature Park, Kronoki National Nature Reserve, Nalchevo Nature Park, South Kamchatka Nature Park, South Kamchatka National Nature Reserve, etc.

The Klyuchev volcano, with an altitude of 4,750 meters, is the most active and highest active volcano in the Asian continent. It erupts violently every 25 to 30 years (another information: every 5 to 30 years). The most recent eruption was from 1972 to 1974.

The active volcano in Kronoki National Nature Reserve is extremely active and erupts frequently. The Kronokye National Nature Reserve has the conical Kronokye volcano with an altitude of 3528 meters, the Avacha volcano with an altitude of 2741 meters, and the Koryak volcano with an altitude of 3456 meters. It is the center of "the most beautiful volcanoes in the world". Volcanologists call Kronoki "the most beautiful volcano in the world." Compared with other areas, the South Kamchatka Nature Park and the South Kamchatka National Nature Reserve have more frequent volcanic activities. The famous ones are Mutnov volcano with an altitude of 2323 meters and Klenizan with an altitude of 1829 meters. volcano.

In 1907, volcanic ash from the Shtyubelya volcano covered the entire Kamchatka Peninsula, covering the sky above Petropavlovsk, 100 kilometers away, in darkness. These volcanoes, together with the 56 volcanoes in the Kuril Islands, form the most active volcanic belt in the Pacific Ring of Fire. The number of active volcanoes accounts for one-tenth of the world's active volcanoes.

Earthquakes often occur on the peninsula, with more than 150 occurrences in the past 200 years. A major earthquake occurred in November 1952, with an intensity of 8.4 on the Richter scale, making it the second most powerful earthquake on record.

Characteristics of the volcanic group: The Kamchatka volcanic group is characterized by high volcanic density, diverse eruption forms, and the landform here is very complex, with tortuous caves, overlapping strata, geysers, hot springs, fountains, etc. . The peculiar volcanic landforms and various springs are famous attractions here. There are 25 geysers in the Geyser Canyon near the active volcano Kronoki. The minerals contained in the spring water dye the surrounding rocks red, pink, blue-purple and brown. The largest geyser is called Weikon, which spews columns of boiling water and steam up to 49 meters high for about four minutes every three hours.

Geyser Canyon is located in the scenic Kronoki National Nature Reserve, covering an area of ??approximately 10,300 square kilometers. Lake Kronokye is the largest lake in Kamchatka Peninsula, located under the western foot of the Kronokye volcano.

Climate: The center of the Kamchatka Peninsula is surrounded by two mountain ranges, forming a quasi-continental climate, while other areas are greatly affected by the ocean.

At sea level, the average temperature in January is minus 8 degrees Celsius, and in July the average temperature is 10 degrees Celsius. The temperature on the west coast is significantly lower due to the influence of the cold Sea of ??Okhotsk. Precipitation conditions vary greatly in various parts of Kamchatka: the central region has an average annual precipitation of less than 400 mm, along the west coast it is about 1000 mm, while in the south it can reach 2000 mm. Kamchatka has long, cold and snowy winters, while short, cool and rainy summers. Due to the hot springs infusing it, many sections of the Kamchatka River remain ice-free all year round. The Kamchatka Peninsula separates the Sea of ??Okhotsk (the Pacific Northwest coastal sea) from the Pacific Ocean. The reserve consists of five independent reserves, all of which are part of Kamchatka Region. Because Kamchatka is almost surrounded by the sea, the climate is humid and cool, so the vegetation is lush. The intensity of human development here is not very great, which allows the natural environment to basically retain its original appearance.

Plants: The climate and soil of the Kamchatka volcanoes are suitable for plant growth. Although there are frequent volcanic activities here, there are quite abundant biological species growing here. There are more than 800 kinds of plants, and the plants in the mountains are distributed all the way to the seaside. Coniferous forests such as birch, spruce, and larch mainly grow in the valleys. The impact soils along the river are covered with patches of poplar, alder and willow forests. Other vegetation includes peat bogs, subalpine shrubs, alpine tundra, and even vast coastal wetlands with a width of 50 kilometers.

Animals: The main animals in Kamchatka include brown bears, moose, elk, reindeer, Siberian bighorn sheep, snow sheep, mink, sable, arctic fox, blue fox, silver fox, and black-capped marmot. Rat, muskrat, Canadian beaver, Kamchatka star crow, mountain eagle, hazel grouse, salmon, etc. Some of them are endangered species in the world. Bears, snow sheep, northern deer, sables and wolverines are typical animal types of the area. There are countless kinds of birds.

In order to strengthen the protection of migratory birds, Russia and Japan signed an agreement in 1973 to establish a joint nature reserve, and the South Kamchatka Lake National Nature Reserve came into being. 50% of the world's Aleutian terns live on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Almost all rivers on the island, especially those that are unpolluted, are home to salmon, a fish that is a key link in the food chain of predatory birds and mammals. However, in recent years, illegal fishing activities near the seashore have been repeatedly banned, and modern industry has posed a great threat to the spawning grounds of salmon, so they are currently listed on Russia's endangered species list.

Tourism: In 1699, Kamchatka Peninsula officially belonged to Russia, and the first description of it appeared in 1742. Until the beginning of the 18th century, only a few foreign populations settled in a few areas in the central and southern parts of the peninsula, and they mainly made a living by fishing.

In 1995, the number of tourists visiting Kamchatka Peninsula exceeded 15,000, of which more than 4,000 were foreign tourists. There is a helicopter take-off and landing site in the geyser basin, and about 2,000 people visit here every year. Main cities on the Kamchatka Peninsula can be taken by plane or ship, and helicopters are generally used to enter the reserve.

Because Kamchatka has a cold climate and is located in a remote frontier, during the Russian Empire, the word "Kamchatka" was as scary as the Siberian penal colony. In the past, naughty students who were sent to the back of the classroom were often nicknamed "Kamchatka". In fact, according to historical records, no criminals have ever been exiled to Kamchatka because no guard was willing to accompany the prisoners to live in that cold, desolate and dangerous place.

Ethnicity: The indigenous races of Kamchatka are the Koryaks and Chukchis, but by the 18th century, they were almost all wiped out by the Tsar's Cossack soldiers. Today, some remaining descendants of the indigenous people still thrive on the peninsula. The Kamchatka people live mainly on fur and fish. There are currently about 240,000 inhabitants in Petropavlovsk, which is a major fishing port. Although the peninsula has modern transportation and trade, most areas are undeveloped.