What do the four secretaries of the Qing Palace and the four secretaries of the late Qing Dynasty mean respectively?

The empress dowager gets married

The Queen Mother married the Regent. Empress Dowager refers to the wife of Bolzigit, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty. She is the biological mother of Fu Lin, the ancestor of Qing Dynasty. She died in the 26th year of Kangxi (1687), Xiaozhuangwen, posthumous title. Regent refers to Prince Dourgen. Dourgen is Huang Taiji's younger brother, and sourdrang queen is Dourgen's brother and sister-in-law. According to the moral concept of the Han people, it is immoral. So even if it did happen, the official history of the Qing Dynasty would not be recorded.

But unofficial history has a lot of records in this respect. For example, there is a saying in Zhang Huangyan's Poem on the Building of the Righteousness Palace: "The longevity is the sum, and the Cining Palace is full of rotten doors. Chunguan entered the new instrument note yesterday, and the gift was the wedding of the Queen Mother. " Cang Shui Shi Hua, published only in the late Qing Dynasty, has a saying: "Those who live long are called marriages, and Cining Palace is full of rotten doors; Yesterday, a new instrument was put into the spring palace, and a gift was prepared for the queen mother's marriage, which meant that the queen mother got married. The poet Zhang Huangyan was born in the early Qing Dynasty. At the same time as dourgen, what he said is true. According to the records of Korea's Li Dynasty, in February of the 27th year of Renzu (A.D. 1649, the 6th year of Qing Shunzhi), it was also recorded that the word "uncle" was changed to "Tai Shang Huang", which indirectly revealed that Dourgen called Tai Shang Huang "Tai Shang Huang", which was symmetrical with the Empress Dowager. What's more, Dourgen's name was changed to "Emperor Tai Shang", which was clearly recorded not only in Qing Shi Lu and Jiang Dong Hua Lu, but also in many files and proclamations that have been circulated so far. When writing about the emperor, write the Regent together, above the Regent, or with the title "Uncle of the Emperor" or "Father of the Emperor".

Of course, unofficial history may not be credible.

Let's not forget another fact: although the social nature of Manchukuo was rapidly transformed from slavery to feudalism before entering the customs, it is not surprising that the backward customs of Nuzhen long ago, such as the remnants of group marriage of some brothers, wives and granddaughters, continued until the early days of entering the customs. Then, the fact that the Queen Mother got married can be taken for granted.

Shunzhi became a monk.

In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1660), she was the imperial concubine of Dong Eshi on August 19th. Sai-jo Fu Lin mourned for five days. Declare a decree to chase the queen.

Some people lied that this concubine was Dong Xiaowan from Jirentai who ventured across the border in the late Ming Dynasty. When the Qing army entered the customs, she was taken to the capital, then entered the palace, was given the surname of Dong Eshi, and was later named the imperial concubine. Who knows that after Dong Shi entered the palace, he died without life. But for Dong Guifei, Sai-jo is the favorite of the Sixth Palace, unparalleled. She is a poor woman who makes sai-jo unhappy all day. A few months later, he abandoned the emperor and fled to Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, cut his hair and put on a cloak, and converted to the pure land. The above is the origin of Shunzhi becoming a monk, passed down from generation to generation. Is that really the case?

First of all, we must admit that Fu Lin, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, was a good Buddha, and there were two Zen masters in the palace, Mu Chen and Yu Lin, who were extremely respectful. On the seal of Sai-jo, there are titles such as "Hidden Taoist", "Lazy" and "Taoist Ignorant". It is a fact that Sai-jo believes in Buddhism, and no one can deny it.

Secondly, it should be said that a few months before the death of Sai-jo, it was the mourning period of the filial piety queen Dong Eshi. Sai-jo mourned and expressed his feelings, which was a great regret for the world. Therefore, some people think that Sai-jo was tired of the world by mourning, and finally got rid of the dust net and fled into an empty net. Since then, it has been passed down as a story of "Love the Son of Heaven through the ages". This is inconsistent with historical facts. Indeed, because the founder was a good Buddha, he did have the idea of asking various dharmas to become monks before his death. But in fact, a few days before his death, he just asked his favorite internal supervisor Wu to go to Benjamin Zhong Temple (now Fayuan Temple in Guang 'anmen, Beijing) for a haircut, and he went to watch it himself. It also shows that sai-jo's condition was not serious at that time. So, how did sai-jo die? According to Wang Xi's Chronicle of Wenjing Wang's Collection, "I was called to Yangxintang and told that I couldn't afford acne." Zhang Chen's "Qing Wang Zhou Ji" also said: "Tell the people not to fry beans, light lamps and splash water, and they will know that the disease is acne." The two records are completely consistent and can be mutually verified. This clearly tells us that since sai-jo died of smallpox, it is not credible to say that he fled to Wutai Mountain to be a monk.

Yongzheng was stabbed.

There are different opinions about the reasons for the sudden collapse of Sejong Yin Zhen in the Qing Dynasty, and some say that he was stabbed to death, which is specious. Is this statement credible?

It's a long story It originated from the case of Ceng Jing and Zhang Xi in the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729). Lv Liuliang, a man in Ceng Jing in the late Ming Dynasty, took it as his duty to keep his eyesight. Because he sent his disciple Zhang Xi to write a letter to Yue Zhongqi, governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, urging him to support his ancestors (Yue Fei). If he fails, he will be imprisoned and exiled to Lv Liuliang. Sejong dealt with it severely, butchered and left good bodies, and left good children in the middle. It was edited and cut at that time. Legend has it that Lv Liuliang has a surviving granddaughter named Lv Siniang, who is the best swordsman of her generation and is determined to avenge her father and mother. Later, she sneaked into the palace and finally stabbed Sejong to death, cut off Sejong's head and escaped with it.

According to E Ertai's biography, a busybody said that on the day of Sejong's violent collapse, he still "looked at the DPRK unchanged in the morning and had nothing to suffer". That afternoon, he suddenly called E Ertai into the palace, and the news of Sejong's violent collapse was passed down from generation to generation from the outside, which has caused a lot of trouble in the city. Hubei immediately "entered the DPRK, the horse was not as good as the saddle, eager to cross the horse, and the tibia was bleeding. I have entered the palace and stayed for three days and three nights. I haven't eaten a meal. " People think that when the world was peaceful and the ruler succeeded to the throne (Li Hong ascended the throne at the age of 25 in the Qing Dynasty), there was nothing serious that made him so frightened. This only shows that the statement that Sejong was stabbed is not unreasonable.

Here, it is necessary to distinguish the true story from the hearsay in unofficial history. Lv Liuliang and others are implicated in the case of Ceng Jing and Zhang Xi, which is a true story and the truth of history. But the reference to Lv Liuliang's granddaughter is a legend, not a historical fact. The date of Sejong's death is a fact, but there is no written record, just a legend, which has not been confirmed yet. This is a ...

The above biography of E Ertai describes one thing that Hubei was admitted to the imperial court, and it was written vividly, as if it had really happened. But at least in official records, such as Records of the Qing Dynasty, Biographies of the Qing Dynasty, and Draft of the Qing Dynasty, there is no such record. Of course, no written record does not mean no; And it has not been confirmed until today, and it is impossible to confirm this; Even if it is a fact that E Ertai rushed to court, it can't prove that Sejong must have been stabbed, because there is no necessary internal connection between them. The second is.

Sejong himself is good at Buddhism and Taoism, and "has made many swordsmen". It is said that "he has thirteen brothers". The fact that the emperor and man became brothers may not be credible; However, if you are good at Buddhism and Taoism and make more friends with swordsman, you can make an alchemy and seek immortality. It is also possible to swallow Dan medicine raw for a long time, so that it suddenly collapses. Both Qin Huang and Hanwu have precedents. Third.

It is suggested that the Tailing Mausoleum (Yin Zhen's Tomb of Sejong in Qing Dynasty) of the Qing Xiling be excavated to see if Sejong has a head, so as to confirm whether it has been stabbed. Later, because the excavation was too busy, it failed. Of course, Sejong died in 1735, and his bones were cold early. Once excavated, he can get one or two remains, which can be finalized, but the cost is too high, so he has to wait for the future.

Replace the crown prince with a raccoon

Refers to the legend that Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty exchanged sons with Chen, a native of Haining. Chen, a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, was born in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. This figure spread to Chen Zhilin, and fell to the Qing Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty, and it was the best. Later, Chen Guru, Chen Shuo, Chen Shiguan, Chen Yuanlong and other uncles were all high-ranking officials, rich and extravagant. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Sejong was a prince and was particularly close to Chen Shiguan. It happened that the two families each had a son, and the year, month, day and time were the same. Sejong was very happy to hear that. He ordered his son to enter the palace, and after a long time, he sent it back. Chen found that it was not his own boy who was returned. It was easy for him to be a woman. Chen Guren was shocked, but he was afraid to say it, so he had to keep it a secret. Gao Zongchang made a southern tour to Haining and went to the Chen family that day. He went to church to inquire about his family background in detail. Will be out, to the door, life off, and told that in the future, unless the emperor's blessing, this door can not be opened again. So after that, the door of the Chen family was closed forever and never opened again. It is also said that the Qing emperor had doubts about his life experience, so he visited the Chen family in the south and wanted to know for himself. These legends prevailed in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, the revolution was at its peak, and the emperor of the Qing Dynasty was extremely ugly. It is necessary to analyze hearsay, say each word, and mix the truth with the truth.

It is a fact that the Chen family in Haining, such as Chen Shuo, Chen Shiguan and Chen Yuanlong, are uncles and very important officials. It is also true that Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty visited the Chen family in his southern tour. According to the system of Qing dynasty, the door of the house visited by the emperor must be closed and it is forbidden to open it again. However, due to these historical facts, it cannot be said that Sejong and Chen Shiguan in the Qing Dynasty exchanged women for children.

In the Qing dynasty, the children of the standard-bearer had to report to the Dutong yamen, and the children of the imperial clan had to report to the Zongren mansion. The customization is very detailed. Besides, in the Forbidden City, the access control is strict, how can you take your children out of the palace casually? Obviously, these were all fabricated by the Han people in the revolutionary tide in the late Qing Dynasty.

Four Mysteries in Late Qing Dynasty

The famous actress Yang Yuelou was wronged.

Yang Yuelou is a famous actor in Beijing Opera Troupe. He is famous for his excellent acting skills and clothes, and is praised for his elegant and beautiful artistic style. From 11th to 12th years of Tongzhi, he performed in the famous Yuan Jingui Theater in Shanghai Concession, which attracted men and women in Shanghai. Generally speaking, Peking Opera is not only partial to greedy Yang Yuelou. In the winter of the twelfth year of Tongzhi, Yang Yuelou married a merchant woman and caused a lawsuit. After performing dramas such as Van Gogh Palace, Wei, a tea merchant from Xiangshan, Guangdong Province, went to Lian for three days. Wei's female name is Po, seventeen years old, and she worships her very much. After returning home, he wrote a book about his desire to get married, and sent people to Yang Yuelou to meet him and celebrate the New Year together. Being suspicious and afraid to keep her promise, Wei's daughter is ill and her condition is getting worse. When his father was away on business for a long time, his mother sent someone to tell Yang Yuelou to ask the matchmaker to propose to him. To see the Moon Building, I agreed. The money matchmaker got a marriage certificate, got engaged and began to prepare for the wedding. However, when Uncle Wei learned about this incident, he refused to marry and insisted on stopping it. He just retired.

Wei's mother imitated the old customs of Shanghai and secretly asked for advice. Wei's uncle sued Shanghai officials for kidnapping and theft. So on the wedding day in her new house, the county police and patrol officers went to the Moon Building and Wei's daughter. They got seven boxes of clothes and jewelry from Wei's mother and daughter, which is said to be 4,000 yuan. On the way to take the guardian daughter to court, there was a car sitting in it, telling heaven and earth that the red dress for ancestor worship had not left yet. Follow the audience like a cloud along the way. Ye Ting, the magistrate of a county in Shanghai who tried the case, is also from Xiangshan, Guangdong. He hates it, hell to pay. He was severely punished in Yang Yuelou and broke his tibia. Not only did the woman have no words of self-regret, but she also said that she had never had the same ambition, so she was slapped 200 times. Both of them were detained until Wei's father came back. As soon as the case came out, it spread all over the streets, and public opinion was sensational. Yang Yuelou was a smash hit, and everyone knew it was a famous brand, so it was particularly striking to commit such a dramatic romantic case. At the same time, actresses have always been regarded as untouchables, and tea merchants surnamed Wei are not only well-bred but also businessmen with certain status and small wealth. Yang Yuelou married the daughter of a good family as a pariah, which violated the general etiquette of being a good man and not marrying. In addition, Wei Yang's marriage is what a well-known media called a proper form of marriage, while the township party sued officials and county officials on the grounds of abduction and theft, and severely punished them on the grounds of abduction and theft. These unconventional things also aroused people's interest, so there were different opinions at one time. The last person to clarify grievances in this case was Empress Dowager Cixi. However, Yang Yuelou's case ended in chaos. The people involved have not been affected at all, and they are still happy to be officials and rich. Yang Yuelou's wife, Wei Abao, was kicked out of the house by her father and disappeared. In order to express his dissatisfaction with the darkness of officialdom and the low social status of artists at that time, Yang Yuelou was renamed the Monkey King and bring disgrace to oneself.

Wenxiang Zhang Simali case

After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it was rumored that Zeng Guofan was ambitious. In fact, his subordinates have long encouraged him to seek the throne. The Qing court had to rely on the Xiang army when fighting the Taiping Army. However, now that the Taiping Army has been completely wiped out, can Empress Dowager Cixi allow Zeng Guofan to sit in Jiangnan? Crouching tiger in the southeast can't sleep well. So she transferred Zeng Guofan from Jiangning and appointed Ma Xinyi as the governor of Liangjiang, which quickly abolished the item.

Jiangning was captured by Xiang, and the two rivers have always been regarded as private land by Xiang. They have been operating there for several years. How could they be easily ceded to Ma Xinyi? Ma Xinyi didn't have his own army for decades, and he came to Jiangning alone, as if he were in a deep hole. When Ma Xinyi was assassinated, the court knew. In order not to cause a mutiny and shake the rule of the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan was quickly transferred back to Jiangning. Since then, the throne of the governor of the two rivers has been in the hands of the Hunan department for a long time, and others are afraid to ask.

After the failure of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the inferiority of Xiang Army was exposed completely. They are even more ferocious and brazenly plundered than bandits. After the implementation of the system of changing the brave into soldiers in the late Qing Dynasty, tens of thousands of Xiang troops were abolished, including many generals. These people don't go back to their hometown to farm, but wander around and plunder. Some people have joined the society, while others are members of it. The abolition of Xiang army strengthened the black forces, and the combination of stragglers and black forces became a major public hazard. Ma Xinyi punishes stragglers severely. In particular, Yuan, who is famous for his daring, was appointed as the general manager of the battalion department. If he catches stragglers who endanger people and commit illegal acts, he will be executed on the spot. Stragglers and black forces hate him.

Yan often talks with Sun and is quite calculating. He wrote a diary of going south and described the whole process of going to Nanjing. According to his great-grandson Yan, the diary reads: "The Spurs case is related to the Xiang army." "There is a big shot behind the Spurs case."

Zhang assassinated Ma Xinyi, and he fell to the heavily guarded Ministry of Supervision. Immediately after Ma Xinyi was stabbed, she had the drama of "stabbing a horse", and she had just passed the provincial examination. Anhui scholar Yin gave a test, which even included his sarcasm. Qiao Songnian also came to join in the fun, wrote a crooked poem to testify, and General Xiang erected a monument to Zhang Wenxiu, and so on. All this shows that the Spurs case is a planned and organized political murder. From the implementation of the case, to the strong cooperation of public opinion, as well as the careful planning and smart design of the case, it shows that it is from the hands of experts.

Strange case in Taiyuan

There is a millionaire named Zhang in Taiyuan. Because of his poor son-in-law Cao, who he didn't like, he married his second daughter Yuzhu to a family named Yao. However, his daughter Yuzhu likes gigolo and doesn't like money, so she eloped with Cao, ready to take refuge in Chen, an old friend of Cao's family in Jiaocheng County.

Before leaving the city, they stopped at a tofu shop. Mo Laohan's father and daughter sympathized with their experience and lent them the donkey. The next day, Zhang Wan thought he ran to the eldest daughter's house and led his family to the eldest daughter Kim's house to find someone. He suspected that she was hiding in the closet. Who knows there is a monk in the closet, they carried him away, but the monk fainted. In order to find the steps, Zhang Million lied that his second daughter died of a sudden illness, put on a wedding dress for the monk and put it in a coffin. In the middle of the night, the monk woke up and ran away. He also went to the tofu shop, changed his ordinary clothes at Mo Laohan's house and left. On the way, his lower body got excited again and molested the woman who got up early. He was killed by her husband, butcher Wu, and his body was thrown into the well. The murder case of monks and the case of Zhang's dismemberment caused a sensation in the whole city. Yangqu County ordered a public trial of Yang Zhongmin. Some nosy people identified the monk's clothes as Mo Laohan. Yang Zhongmin, eager to close the case and make meritorious deeds, desperately identified Mo Laohan as the murderer. Mo Laohan confessed and reported the case to the punishments.

On the same day, the butcher killed Wu and moved to Jinci. When Cao returned to Taiyuan, he passed by the slaughterhouse. After drinking, the butcher confessed the secret of killing the monk. A few days later, Cao returned to Taiyuan from Jiaocheng to return the donkey, knowing that the old man had been arrested as a complaint from Mo Laohan. Yang Zhongmin knew his grievance, but he was afraid to expose his torture regardless of human life and let Cao Huangwen be his accomplice. On the one hand, Yuzhu's servant girl asked Wu, the butcher of Jinci, to be monitored, and on the other hand, she rushed to Jiaocheng to look for Yuzhu. Yuzhu just rose from Jiaocheng County to Shanxi. According to Governor Chen, he was sent to Taiyuan. So, the truth came out, and the old man and constantly chauffeured were acquitted.

Yang Naiwu and Chinese Cabbage Case

At the end of Qing Dynasty, Yuhang scholar Yang Naiwu gave a banquet to celebrate. Bi Xiugu, the first wife of tenant Ge Xiao, is quite attractive and is called "Chinese cabbage". She used to be the child bride of the Ge family and once worked as a housekeeper in the Yang family. She had fallen in love with Yang Naiwu for a long time, but because of her politeness and fame, it was difficult to get married, so she had to get married alone. Liu Xitong, the magistrate of Yuhang County, once took bribes and embezzled Chinese ink for charging more money and eating more food. Yang Naiwu contacted him and sent a letter to the scholar, which broke his financial path and made him resentful. His son Liu raped Bi Xiugu with rape drugs and poisoned her husband Ge Xiaoda. In order to save his son's life and vent his personal anger, Liu Xitong tricked Yang Naiwu into the county government, tortured him, decided to "take his wife away" and told him to die. My sister and wife Zhan refused to accept it, which lasted for two years and appealed dozens of times. It's all because Liu Xitong took bribes that officials protect each other and still sentenced to death, and the punishment is detailed. Zhan was also arrested for failing to file an appeal. Fortunately, Wang Shiping, the imperial examination officer, and the gentlemen wrote to the punishment department to argue the case. Xia Tongshan, assistant minister of punishments, refused the detailed article and demanded a decree to order the joint trial of Zhejiang Sanxian Constitution. In order to save his younger brother, Yang Shuying went to the provincial capital with his nephew in his arms and begged Xiugu to confess truthfully. Bi Xiugu was deeply guilty and immediately agreed. Who knows that Yang Changjun, the governor of Zhejiang Province, relied on the support of Zuo in the frontier. In order to save face and many officials attending the trial, he deliberately rebelled with Mrs. Fan and Mrs. Fu, forbidding Bi Xiugu from recanting, and then decided to play "adultery for life" again. Yang Changjun's move aroused the public anger of Zhejiang gentry. With their support, Yang Shuying went to prison and asked Yang Naiwu to write a complaint, risking his life to go to Beijing to complain. Prince Chun, the biological father of Emperor Guangxu, hated Yang Changjun's contempt for the imperial court and was afraid that the governors of various provinces would follow suit. He decided to reverse Yang Naiwu's conviction as a warning. Just as Yang Naiwu saw through the dark bureaucrats, Xiugu wanted to tell the world with blood and head that "the people of Qing Dynasty look forward to the blue sky", and he got the answer that "Qing Dynasty has blue sky" from Prince Chun. On the day of his release from prison, Yang Naiwu witnessed Bi Xiugu being sent to buddhist nun to shave her head and become a nun. Although she saved her life, she was disabled and even refused to restore her fame and fortune. She couldn't help asking herself, "Have my grievances been cleared?" Does the great Muslim have a blue sky ... a song of unjust imprisonment has been passed down for a hundred years, and the long companion hates that the sky is blue? "

Another truer statement (Yujun Feng, Associate Professor of Law School of Renmin University of China):

Yang Naiwu was born in the 21st year of Daoguang. He is a squire in Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province. He is usually nosy and likes to fight against injustice. To this end, he also contradicted the government, which also laid a hidden danger for his future imprisonment. Twelve years of Tongzhi, he was promoted in Yang Naiwu. Bi Xiugu, also known as Ge, is nicknamed "Chinese cabbage" because of her handsome appearance and love to wear white clothes and green pants. She married Ge Pinlian, and they rented a house in Yang Naiwu. Because * * * lives in a big family, Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage are very close. Yang Naiwu often teaches Chinese cabbage to read, and also teaches her to read classics. Because of this incident, there was gossip among the neighbors. At that time, there was a gossip in the neighborhood that "Yang eats cabbage".

In October of the twelfth year of Tongzhi, Yang Naiwu went to work in Yuyao's mother-in-law's house and didn't come back for a few days. On the ninth day of October, Ge Pinlian, the helper of the tofu shop, that is, the husband of Chinese cabbage, got up in the morning and suddenly fell ill. At first, he thought it was filariasis, or he got angry. Later, taking medicine didn't work, and the condition got worse. Everyone thought it was killing the disease, or getting angry, and taking all kinds of Chinese medicine didn't work. That's right. We will be here from three to five this afternoon. Ge Pinlian was black and blue and died of a serious illness. A good young man died of a sudden illness, which was beyond the understanding of his family and neighbors. This is related to Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage being too cautious on weekdays. At this time, Ge Pinlian's old mother reported the case to the Yuhang county government and Liu Xitong, the magistrate of Yuhang county. When she got the report, she led the coroner, Shen Xiang, who we are talking about today, to Ge Jia. That is, GePinLian and Shen Xiang took out silver needles and pierced GePinLian's body. It needs to be mentioned here that in the process of solving the case, the coroner pierced the body with a silver needle washed with soap stone. If the body is poisoned, the silver needle may turn black. After Shen Xiang's puncture, the silver needle turned black and Shen Xiang thought it was poisoned.

Liu Xitong got such a conclusion, the conclusion of forensic identification, and immediately decided that the rumors in the neighborhood were true, so he took Chinese cabbage back to the county government for interrogation. At first, Bi Xiugu, a Chinese cabbage, refused to admit that he was suspected of murdering her husband, and Liu Xitong tortured him. According to historical records at that time, Liu Xitong used cruel punishments, including stabbing his chest with red-hot iron wire, melting tin, pouring hot tin on his back and boiling it. Is to pour her back into the molten metal tin with boiling tin water. Under such cruel torture, Ge Xiugu was forced to confess, saying that on the fifth day of October, Yang Naiwu bought arsenic for her, so that she could poison Ge Pinlian to achieve the purpose of their adultery. On the ninth day of October, Ge Pinlian was ill, so she poured arsenic into the medicine soup and took it together. Ge Pinlian died of poisoning. After Liu Xitong got Bi Xiugu's confession, he immediately summoned Yang Naiwu. Surprisingly, Yang Naiwu came to the county government and denied that he had anything to do with the case. He claimed that he was not in Yuhang County at all on1October 9, and he had no time or motive to commit the crime. Liu Xitong decided that it was necessary to extort a confession by torture. In the Qing Dynasty, it was stipulated by law that if the parties did not make a confession, they could not make a final decision, so Liu Xitong reported the official document to the Hangzhou government, demanding the cancellation of Yang Naiwu's juren origin. If he cancels the status of juren, he can torture Yang Naiwu to get the confession he needs. Just as he presented the official document, the chief executive had just left, and Liu Xitong, who was eager to work, tortured Yang Naiwu that night. Nevertheless, Yang Naiwu never admitted that he had a motive for committing a crime. In other words, I have always denied my true crime. But even so, Liu Xitong put forward the theory of adultery between Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage to murder Ge Pinlian and requested a second trial.

At that time, the Minister of Punishment, that is, the Minister of Public Security or the President of the Supreme Court personally presided over the trial, and then Jiuqing, the highest-level torturer, sat next to him to conduct a thorough review of Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage. Two suspects came to Beijing for trial. During the trial, two questions need to be raised. The first one provided the testimony that Qian Tan, the owner of Yirentang drugstore who sold arsenic to Yang Naiwu, had died. However, Yang's family has provided testimony that he was not in Yuhang County at all that day, and this testimony was accepted. The second point is very crucial. Ge Pinlian's bones, even bones and coffins, were escorted all the way from Yuhang to Beijing, and the coffins were reopened. Results This examination found that according to the final determination of some doctors, Ge Pinlian died of a disease, which was a disease. I didn't find any poisoning death, which is the component of arsenic. As soon as the core problem was found out, Yuhang, who was also in court at that time, ordered Liu Xitong and Shen Xiang to retract their confessions, saying that it was indeed because we did not do detailed work when testing Ge Pinlian's body and subjectively found them guilty, so we extorted a confession by torture. Then such a case lasted for more than three years, nearly four years, finally finalized, Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage.

After the case was rehabilitated, it caused an uproar in the political environment of the Qing Dynasty at that time. Empress Dowager Cixi immediately issued a letter to punish Yuhang county magistrate Liu Xitong and sentenced him to exile in Heilongjiang. Yuhang county magistrate Liu Xitong did not investigate carefully, which led to the occurrence of this unjust case. He was the culprit and was taken to Heilongjiang Province. More than 30 officials, including Shen Xiang and other relevant personnel, were dismissed, expelled or investigated. More than 65,438,000 officials were dismissed, including Zhejiang Governor Yang Changjun, Hu Ruilan and Hangzhou magistrate Chen Lu, who were never used again. In this case, the Yang Naiwu case and the Chinese cabbage case, which caused a lot of uproar, ended in the fall of a large number of officials. The broad masses of the people clap their hands and say yes. This is a real case of Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage.

Yang Naiwu came from a well-off family background, and there were many Zhejiang-level officials in the capital at that time, so these reasons were all the reasons. However, without the support of the ultimate supreme ruler, some cases are difficult to be finally rehabilitated because of the mutual protection between officials. At the end of this case, it was actually a profound and sharp battle for official power, which we especially want to mention. Cases like Yang Naiwu Jr. and Pakchoi were ordinary, but at that time, around the trial of this case, a bunch of officials in Zhejiang, from the county government to the province, were all under the command of Hunan warlord Zeng Guofan, so that is to say, according to the historical background at that time, Zeng Guofan led his own Xiang army to defeat and suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, so in the Jiangnan generation at that time, officials at all levels were basically Hunan warlords, and they didn't have much knowledge. Because of their military service, they rarely receive strict education on trial experience and little knowledge, so it is easy to cause many unjust cases. Moreover, with unjust cases, they are all in the same Hunan department, and officials support each other and maintain each other, so it is difficult to reverse the case. Faced with this situation, in fact, for the supreme ruler of the Qing Dynasty, he had long wanted to get rid of it, and he had long wanted to find opportunities to suppress the power of Hunan warlords. Then the case of Yang Naiwu and Pakchoi provided Empress Dowager Cixi with such an opportunity to find the royal family or the court of Manchu Dynasty in Aisingiorro to suppress the arrogance of Xiang warlords. Therefore, the reason why these 100 officials finally took off all their Henaan and never used it again was actually to suppress the warlords in Hunan.