What are the four famous buildings in history?

● Yellow Crane Tower

The Yellow Crane Tower, known as one of the three buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, was originally located in Fantou, Yellow Crane, Sheshan, Wuchang, Hubei Province. It is said that it was built in the second year of Wu Huangwu in the Three Kingdoms (AD 223), and it was repeatedly built and destroyed for more than 1,7 years, and the last time it was destroyed by the fire in the tenth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1884). The famous building is full of legends, which makes it more magical.

According to Ji En Lu, the Yellow Crane Tower was originally a hotel run by Xin's family. Before leaving, a Taoist priest drew a crane on the wall to thank her for her kindness of a thousand cups, telling her that it could come down and dance for fun. From then on, the guests were full and the business was booming. After 1 years, the Taoist priest came back, took the flute and played, and the Taoist priest stepped onto the yellow crane and went straight to the sky. In memory of the fairy who helped her get rich, Xin's family built a building in her place and named it "Yellow Crane Tower".

of course, the above are myths and legends. During the Three Kingdoms period, the building on the top of the Lujiang River was first built for military needs, but later it gradually became a tourist attraction where scholars gathered, entertained guests, made friends, recited poems and enjoyed the scenery. Celebrities of past dynasties, such as Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Jia Dao, Xia Song, Lu You, etc., have visited here successively, reciting poems and writing poems. Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, boarded the Yellow Crane Tower to enjoy the scenery and wrote a masterpiece "Yellow Crane Tower" which has been handed down for ages: "where long ago a yellow crane bore a sage to heaven, nothing is left now but the Yellow Crane Terrace. The yellow crane never revisited earth, the white clouds are empty. Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear by sunlit water, and Parrot Island is covered by the sweet grass. But I look toward home, and twilight grows dark, with a mist of grief on the river waves. " Later, Li Bai also boarded the Yellow Crane Tower and looked at Chutian. He was broad-minded and full of poetry. When he was about to start writing a poem, he saw Cui Hao's poem. He was ashamed and had to say, "There is no way in front of him, and Cui Hao inscribed a poem on it." Cui Hao wrote a poem, and Li Bai put pen to paper. Since then, he has gained great fame.

In p>1957, when the Wuchang approach bridge of the Yangtze River Bridge was built, the former site of the Yellow Crane was occupied. Now, the reconstructed Yellow Crane Tower is located on Sheshanfeng Ridge, about 1 km away from the former site. * * * five floors, 5.4 meters high, pyramidal roof, layers of cornices, looking like one. There are also buildings around the main building, such as victory pagoda, stele gallery and mountain gate. The whole building has a unique national style.

Inside the Yellow Crane Tower, the styles of layers are different. The ground floor is a tall and spacious hall, with a caisson more than 1 meters high in the middle. On the front wall, there is a huge ceramic mural of "White Clouds and Yellow Crane", and there are 7-meter-long couplets hanging on the columns on both sides: it's refreshing to come from the west, and the clouds sweep away the heavens and the earth; River of no return, the waves wash away the worries of the past and the present. On the front wall of the lobby on the second floor, the Yellow Crane Tower written by Yan Bojin in Tang Dynasty is engraved with marble, which describes the rise and fall of the Yellow Crane Tower and anecdotes of celebrities. There are two murals on both sides of Lou Ji, one is "Sun Quan built a city", which shows the history of the birth of Yellow Crane Tower and Wuchang City. The other is "Zhou Yu's Banquet", which reflects the activities of celebrities from the Three Kingdoms to the Yellow Crane Tower. The murals in the lobby on the third floor are "Xiu Xiang paintings" by famous people in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Cui Hao, Li Bai and Bai Juyi, and also excerpts from their famous sentences chanting the Yellow Crane Tower. The hall on the fourth floor is divided into several small halls with screens, and contemporary celebrity calligraphy and painting are built in for tourists to enjoy and buy. There are long scrolls and murals such as "Wan Li Map of the Yangtze River" in the top hall. Walking out of the outer corridor of the five-story hall, you can look around and have a wide field of vision. It is nearly 9 meters above the river, and the scenery on both sides of the river is vivid and refreshing. The snake mountain area where the Yellow Crane Tower is located has been turned into the Yellow Crane Tower Park. Many flowers and trees have been planted, as well as some buildings such as archways, pavilions, corridors and so on. There is a poem tablet gallery, which contains many stones engraved with the works of famous poets in past dynasties, and the ancient scenic spots around Sheshan will be restored one after another. The Yellow Crane Tower will become a symbol of Wuhan, the central city in the heart of our country.

● Yueyang Tower

Located in the west of Yueyang City, Hubei Province, Yueyang Tower stands on an 82-square-meter platform, majestic and magnificent. It is an ancient architectural masterpiece that integrates the values of history, culture, art, tourism and architecture. Together with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, it is called "Three Famous Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River" in China, and together with Dongting Lake and Junshan, it is called "Yueyang Tower-Dongting Lake" scenic spot. Yueyang Tower was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in January 1998. "Yueyang Tower-Dongting Lake Scenic Spot" was designated as a national key scenic spot in August 1998. It is the only scenic spot in Hunan on the eighth national golden tourist route, with a reputation for ancient and modern times and renowned at home and abroad. Yueyang Tower was first built around 22 yuan AD, and it has been more than 17 years since then. It was used as the military building of Lu Su during the Three Kingdoms period. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was called Baling Tower; In the early Tang Dynasty, it was also called the South Building. In the middle Tang Dynasty, it was called Yueyang Tower only after Li Bai wrote poems. In 145, in the spring of the fourth year of Qingli, Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower, and asked his friend Fan Zhongan to write "The Story of Yueyang Tower" and embed it on the second floor. Since then, Yueyang Tower has gained great fame.

Yueyang Tower is made of pure wood structure, and its shape has graceful expressive force due to the exposed wooden beams and columns, components and decoration. Its paint protecting the appearance of wooden components endows the building structure with rich color beauty, which fully shows the unique national style of ancient buildings in China, condenses the wisdom and exquisite artistic talents of working people in China, and has made amazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture, materials science and technology, etc., in the history of human civilization. When you step into the entrance of Yueyang Tower Park, the first thing you see is a picture of the couplet "Dongting is the world's water, Yueyang is the world's building" with blue characters on a black background. It highly includes the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake and the immortal landscape of historic buildings. Passing through the ancient and tall city gate, there are rockeries and stele corridors on the left. The stele corridors were added during the overhaul in 1984, and they are displayed in four columns, namely, memorials, inscriptions before the Republic of China, modern monuments and miscellaneous monuments. These records not only show the history of Yueyang to the world, but also give people the influence of history and culture. Turn back from the stone tablet, come to the entrance of the city gate, cross the city gate and descend the stone ladder, and you will reach a platform by the water. This is the "commanding platform" issued by Lu Su, the general of the Three Kingdoms. Not far from the south side of the stage, there is a big iron cangue tied with chains and a "Huaifu Pavilion" inscribed by Comrade Zhu De. It is said that the big iron cangue is used to block the river and unload the enemy; "Huaifu Pavilion" was Du Fu's exile in Baling. Although he was poor and down, he still left immortal poems such as "Climbing Yueyang Tower" for Yueyang descendants, and later died in Yueyang. Yueyang people built this pavilion in memory of Du Fu.

After leaving Huaifu Pavilion, climb the stairs to Xiaoxiangmen, Antarctica, and you will come to Yueyang Tower, the main attraction of Yueyang Tower Park, and Sanzui Pavilion and Xianmei Pavilion on both sides. Sanzui Pavilion is located on the north side of Yueyang Tower. It is said that Lv Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals, went to Yueyang for three times and was fascinated by the beautiful mountains and water here. He got drunk every time. When Xianmeiting was rebuilt in 1755, people added a pavilion in the drunken place, which was called "Wangxian Pavilion" and renamed it "Sanzui Pavilion" when it was rebuilt in 1987. According to legend, in the Xianmeiting in the south of Yueyang Tower, when the foundation of Yueyang Tower was rebuilt in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty, a slate was dug up, which was as white as jade, and there was a withered plum on one side. If there were twenty-four calyx looming, the texture was vigorous and as painted by the immortal family. People thought it was a fairy trace, so they built a small pavilion and set a stone in it as a souvenir. Yueyang Tower, the main building, has a long history, and many literati and poets gather here to sing poems and praise. Yueyang Tower has been destroyed and repaired repeatedly in history. The last overhaul was in 1983. After the overhaul, the original structure was completely maintained, and the overall view was magnificent and magnificent. The whole building structure is exquisite in technology and dignified in shape, and its architecture and style can be summarized as "pure wood, four columns, three floors and cornices". Four nanmu trees in the middle bear most of the gravity of the building, and the whole building is supported by Hangen colonnade columns and 2 columns. Contain each other, fight with each other, cascade each other, and arch the building. The building looks like an ancient general's helmet, commonly known as a helmet. It is rare in the architecture of past dynasties, and it is worthy of being an artistic treasure left by the ancients!

The furnishings in Yueyang Tower are unique. Couplets written by famous artists in the past dynasties are hung in the famous layer. There is a carved screen of Yueyang Tower on the first and second floors, and the carved screen on the first floor is a replica of the 19th century AD. The carved screen on the second floor was written by Zhang Zhao, a great calligrapher in the 18th century A.D., with a square shape, vigorous brushwork and varied technical methods, which is a first-class treasure handed down from generation to generation. The carved screen on the third floor is Mao Zedong's Du Fu's poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower", which is bold and unrestrained in brushwork and has both spirit and form. The carved screen is dazzling with golden light.

● Tengwang Pavilion

Tengwang Pavilion is located on the Ganjiang River, Yanjiang Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. Tang Gaozong Yonghui four years (653) was built by Tang Taizong, Li Shimin's brother, and Tengwang Li Yuanying, the commander-in-chief of Hongzhou, hence the name Tengwang Pavilion. The original pavilion was very large, with a height of nine feet and three floors. It is eight feet long from east to west and four feet wide from north to south. It is famous for Wang Bo's Preface to Tengwang Pavilion.

On September 9th, the second year of Shang Yuan (675), Yan Bo, the governor of Hongzhou, gave a grand banquet here. Wang Bo happened to pass by Nanchang, and was also invited. Yan Ben intended to let his son-in-law write the preface to the pavilion to praise the guests. He first ordered someone to take out paper and pen and invited the guests present to write the preface for Tengwang Pavilion on a pretence. People knew Yan's intention and deliberately refused to write it. When it was given to Wang Boshi, the youngest guest was not polite and readily wrote. When the governor of Yan saw this, he was very dissatisfied. He left his seat and waved his sleeves angrily, and told someone to monitor Wang Bo's composition and report it at any time. Wang Bo began to write: "Nanchang old county, Hongdu new house", Yan Wen reported laughing: "It's just a cliche". Then he reported: "The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected to Henglu." Yan said contemptuously, "It's nothing more than old things." It was also reported: "Lift the five lakes from the three rivers, control the barbarians and attract Ou Yue." Yan listened and thoughtfully remained silent. Then several people came to report in succession, and Yan couldn't help nodding. When the newspaper reported that "sunset and solitary Qi Fei, autumn water * * * sky is the same color", Yan couldn't help jumping up and praising day after day. All the guests and friends were impressed. After the full text was written, Yan's son-in-law spoke, saying that it was an existing article of predecessors, which was not worth mentioning. Then, one day, he recited the Preface to Tengwang Pavilion without missing a word, which surprised everyone present and his extraordinary memory. After hearing this, Wang Bo secretly admired it, but he had a brainwave and asked, "There is a poem after the preface. Can you recite it?" Hearing this, the son-in-law was tongue-tied. Wang Bo scribbled a poem: "Teng Wang Gao Ge Linjiang Zhu, Pei Yu Ming Luan went on a song and dance strike. Draw a building flying toward Nanpu Cloud, and Zhu Di will roll up the rain in the western hills at dusk. The shadow of the idle cloud pool is long, and things change for a few years. Where is the emperor in the pavilion today, and the Yangtze River flows freely outside the threshold. "

After Wang Bo wrote "Preface to Tengwang Pavilion", this pavilion is even more famous. It lasted more than 1,3 years, and it was destroyed 28 times in the past dynasties. In 1926, it was destroyed by a military disaster, leaving only one piece of "Tengwangge" bluestone plaque. After several years' efforts of Nanchang citizens, Tengwang Pavilion finally stood on the bank of Ganjiang River on the Double Ninth Festival in 1989.

Great changes have taken place in the overall layout of Tengwang Pavilion, which has formed a large-scale antique building community with complete supporting facilities in the west of Nanchang. Entering from the Rongmen intersection in the east, a tall Song-style painted archway on the seventh floor with four pillars welcomes you warmly, and 5 meters inside, passing through a row of antique shops with blue tiles and Dan pillars, you will enter Tengwangge Park, where the spacious square in front of the pavilion sets off a lofty and lofty pavilion, and Tengwangge will be fully displayed in front of your eyes. This is based on the sketches drawn by Liang Sicheng, a master of ancient architecture, in 1942, and with reference to the Song Dynasty painting Tengwang Pavilion, which was collected in Teana Pavilion. The main building of Tengwangge has 9 floors, with a clear height of 57.5 meters and a construction area of 15, square meters. The lower part is a large pedestal about 11 meters high, which symbolizes the ancient city wall. The pedestal is in the form of "three bright and seven dark", and its two wings are symmetrical first-class platforms. The upper part of the platform is a veranda, and the southern end of the veranda is a "Jiangting Pavilion". The northern end is the "Yicui" pavilion. The main building, Danzhu Biwa, is painted with cornices, stacked arches, and transparent doors and windows. Its facade looks like a "mountain" leaning against the sky, while its plane looks like a big Kunpeng spreading its wings.

Tengwang Pavilion has always been a place for literati to recite poems, write poems and give songs and dances. Therefore, all the newly-built Tengwang Pavilion furnishings highlight the characteristics of cultural pavilions. The gold-plated "Tengwang Pavilion" is inscribed in Su Shi's ink, and the stainless steel long couplet at the main entrance "Sunset and Lonely Qi Fei, Autumn Water * * * Long Sky" is written by Mao Zedong. The rest of the plaques, couplets, or the essence of ancient calligraphy, or today's famous treasures, all kinds of large murals, reliefs, all reflect the theme of "treasures of things" and "outstanding people". The white marble relief "When the Time Comes, the Wind Delivers the Tengwang Pavilion" reproduces the demeanor of Wang Bozhi, the first of the "Four Masters in the Early Tang Dynasty"; The ancient bells, musical instruments, bronze sacrifices and ritual vessels add to the quaint atmosphere of the new pavilion.

when you go to the pavilion, you can have a panoramic view of the spring breeze and autumn moon, and you can see that the antique commercial street is tortuous and patchwork. The Ganjiang River and Fujiang River meet in the west, and the sky is long in Wan Li in the distance, the western hills are green, the clouds are flying in Nanpu and the waves are lying on the long bridge, which is refreshing.

● Penglai Pavilion

Penglai Pavilion is located in the west of Yantai City, Shandong Province, on the Danya Mountain in the north of Penglai City. It has been known as a "fairyland" since ancient times, and is also known as the four famous buildings in China along with the Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower and Tengwang Pavilion. According to documents, the Dragon Palace and Mituo Temple were built here in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, in 161, the county magistrate Zhu Chu built Penglai Pavilion for people to visit. In 1589, in the seventeenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Governor Li Dai built a number of buildings near Penglai Pavilion. In 1819, Yang Fengchang, the magistrate, and Liu Qinghe, the general commander, presided over the expansion, which made Penglai Pavilion have its present scale. Legend has it that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Shandong Peninsula many times and climbed Danya Mountain, which broke into the Bohai Sea, in search of "Penglai Wonderland". Later generations called this Danya Mountain Penglai. Like a fairyland, Danya Mountain stands by the sea, with a steep cliff on the sea side and dark red rock texture, hence the name.

Penglai Pavilion was built at the top of the mountain. Looking from a distance, Louting Diange is hidden among the green trees and perched on the cliff, just like the fairy palace in myth. There is a fairy bridge with exquisite structure and strange shape under Penglai Pavilion, which is the place where the Eight Immortals crossed the sea in myth. On the east side, there are Shangqing Palace, Lvzu Hall, Puzhao Building and Guanlan Pavilion. The west wing is the shelter pavilion, the Tianhou Palace (commonly known as the Empress Hall), the theater and the Dragon Palace. These pavilions are strewn at random, integrated with Penglai Pavilion, collectively known as Penglai Pavilion. "Penglai Pavilion" is a huge ancient architectural complex with an area of 32,8 square meters and a building area of 18,96 square meters (with more than 1 rooms). The pavilions, temples and pavilions are well distributed, and the architecture and gardens complement each other. Because of their topography, they are spectacular and harmonious, and the mountains and seas are beautiful, and the breeze is pleasant, so they have become a famous tourist area all over the world. In 1982, the State Council announced Shuicheng and Penglai Pavilion as national key cultural relics protection units.

Each building in Penglai Pavilion is surrounded by pavilions, halls and pavilions of various styles, just like the stars arching the moon. The layout in the pavilion is ingenious and seamless; Layers of overlapping, strewn at random. The inscriptions on couplets in the pavilions and halls are dazzling. The main pavilion of Penglai Pavilion is a two-story wooden structure, with a single window, Zhu Hu, cornices and Reva, carved beams and painted buildings, which is simple and spectacular. Boarding the main pavilion, leaning against the railing and looking around, the veiled clouds entwine you, and the pavilions and halls are reflected in the shadows, which makes people feel extraordinary.

Penglai Pavilion, a water city built in the Ming Dynasty, also includes "Water City". Penglai Watertown, also known as Beiwo City, is built south along the cliff at the foot of Danya Mountain, with a circumference of about 3 Li and an artificial lake in the middle. The south gate of Shuicheng is connected with the land, and the north gate is called Watergate, which is the seaport. The Watergate is equipped with a huge gate, which is hung high at ordinary times, allowing ships of all sizes to enter and exit unimpeded; If something happens, put down the gate and cut off the sea passage. On the east and west sides outside the Watergate, there is a battery, which is a horn for each other and controls the nearby sea surface. Shuicheng was first built in the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1376). After many renovations and expansions, it formed a complete and strict maritime defense system. In the Ming Dynasty, Qi Jiguang, a general of Ming Dynasty, trained the water army here, commanded the coastal anti-Japanese struggle, and eliminated the Japanese invasion. Two ancient warships stopped in the city, receiving tourists to sail in the water city and enjoy the majestic appearance of the water city.