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An example of a fire caused by smoking: the serious fire case in Lanzhou Malong Mall, which has attracted much attention from Lanzhou citizens, has finally been settled. At 9 o'clock in the morning, the People's Court of Chengguan District of Lanzhou City pronounced the fire case of Malong Mall in the first instance. Luo Jinguo was sentenced to four years' imprisonment for the crime of fire, and compensated the plaintiff in the incidental civil action, Lanzhou Malong Mall, for economic losses of 30 17 1.24 yuan.

On May 23, when the Chengguan Court held a public hearing, Luo Jinguo's defense lawyer said: There is no evidence that there is a direct causal relationship between the fire and Luo Jinguo's throwing cigarette butts.

On May 23rd, the People's Court of Chengguan District of Lanzhou publicly heard the worst fire accident in Lanzhou in recent three years. In the court, the defendant Luo Jinguo argued that three people were burned only after the fire broke out, and the direct economic loss was 545,930,438+05 yuan, which was not intentional. Smoking does exist in the warehouse, but it is not necessarily caused by his cigarette butts. Luo Jinguo's defense lawyer also pointed out that there is no evidence that there is a direct causal relationship between the fire and the cigarette butts thrown by the defendant Luo Jinguo. As evidence, the test report of Lanzhou University Analysis and Testing Center can only conclude that the burning degree of "555" cigarette may cause a fire, which cannot be used as the basis for finalization. It is emphasized that the expansion of fire losses should be closely related to the fire resistance and poor management of warehouse materials. In view of the complexity of the case, the presiding judge of the court decided to pronounce the sentence on another day. On May 24th, this newspaper gave a detailed report on the trial process on the front page with the title of "The Focus of Court Debate Caused by Small Cigarette butts".

After supplementary investigation and evidence collection, 14 witness statement, physical evidence and accident investigation responsibility letter were submitted to the court. On the morning of June 9, the Chengguan People's Court made a first-instance judgment.

At 9 o'clock on the morning of June 9, the People's Court of Chengguan District of Lanzhou City sentenced Luo Jinguo to four years' imprisonment and ordered Luo Jinguo to compensate the plaintiff in the incidental civil action, Lanzhou Malong Mall, for economic losses of 30 17 1.24 yuan.

The People's Court of Chengguan District held that the defendant Luo Jinguo smoked in the no-smoking area and threw unlit cigarette butts in the warehouse, which caused a fire and caused serious consequences, and his behavior constituted a crime of misfire. The charges charged by the public prosecution agency were established. The smoking position confessed by the defendant Luo Jinguo is basically consistent with the fire point confirmed by Ye Guanghan and other witnesses' testimony and fire scene investigation records. Witnesses confirmed that four people entered warehouse 2 1 on the day of the fire. Only Luo Jinguo and Tibetan Jun Yan went in for the longest time around 12, and Tibetan Jun Yan didn't smoke, while defendant Luo Jinguo smoked in the warehouse at ordinary times, as evidenced by the fire accident responsibility certificate issued by Lanzhou Public Security Bureau of Gansu Province. Therefore, the defendant Luo Jinguo's defense and his defender's opinion that there is no direct causal relationship between cigarette butts and fires are not accepted. The test report of Lanzhou University Analysis and Testing Center put forward by its defender cannot be used as the basis for finalizing the case, and other possible causes of fire are not proved by evidence and will not be considered. Defenders' excuses about the spread of fire, the collapse of warehouse, the low fire resistance of warehouse materials and the failure to take fire prevention measures can be accepted if there is evidence to prove it. The claim of Malong Mall, the plaintiff in the incidental civil action, shall be subject to the Notice of Examination of Fire Direct Property Loss issued by Gansu Provincial Public Security Department.

Talking about smoking and fire: the fire caused by cigarettes mainly ignites solid combustible materials, especially bedding, clothing and fabrics, interior decoration and furniture display. As we all know, most of these items are made of cotton, hemp and wool, which are flammable. For example, ordinary cotton contains more than 90% cellulose, which is a combustible polymer organic compound composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and its molecular formula is (C6H 10O5) n, while other plant fibers such as jute, flax, hemp and sisal are basically composed of cellulose. Wood, wood products, paper, etc. It is mainly composed of cellulose with the molecular formula of (C6H 10O5)n, and mainly consists of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. As for the fiber obtained from animals, it is composed of complex protein molecules, containing a high proportion of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and a small amount of sulfur, and it is also flammable.

Due to the different test methods and conditions, the data obtained in different places will be different. The following are the ignition points of some solid combustible materials tested by the National Bureau of Standards: newsprint 230℃, filter paper 232.2℃, absorbent cotton 266. 1℃, cotton tire 230℃, quilt cover 240℃, wool felt 205℃, viscose fiber 280℃, wood fiber board 216./kloc-0.

How high is the temperature of burning cigarettes? According to the test of California Fire Department, the temperature range is 288℃ (the surface temperature of cigarettes when not smoking) to 732℃ (the center temperature of cigarettes when smoking). Some data show that a cigarette can be lit continuously for 24 minutes if it is parked on a flat surface. Therefore, the temperature of hot cigarettes is theoretically enough to cause the combustion of most flammable solids, flammable liquids and gases.

Experiments show that cigarettes can ignite solid combustibles only when the heat in the solid combustibles gradually accumulates and increases. That is to say, in order for cigarettes to ignite solid combustible materials, the material must have the performance of maintaining gradual flameless combustion. Most common solid combustibles have this property to varying degrees, and all plant cellulose substances are most susceptible to it. This is because plant cellulose is mainly composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The stability of organic oxygenates is much lower than that of hydrocarbons, and combustible gases can be decomposed at a lower temperature. In addition, their thermal conductivity is also very low and they are poor thermal conductors. For example, wood begins to decompose weakly at 130℃. When the temperature rises above 150℃ and 150℃, the decomposition of wood is obviously accelerated and the wood becomes discolored. When the temperature rises to 200℃ and above, the decomposition products contain a lot of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, hydrogen and organic vapor. The thermal conductivity of wood is very low, only 350% of that of copper and aluminum and11000 respectively.

When solid combustible materials are ignited by cigarettes, they generally go through four stages (taking plant cellulose as an example):

1, preheating stage: solid combustible materials are preheated after contacting with burning cigarettes.

2. Decomposition stage: When a substance is heated to a certain extent, it will produce slow chemical decomposition, and some gases, including water vapor, will be slowly released from solid combustible materials. With the increase of material temperature, the decomposition speed is accelerated, and the combustible components in the gas gradually increase. This stage is basically an endothermic reaction.

3. smoldering stage: this is the stage from the beginning of flame to complete combustion. The gas volume of the flame causes the second pyrolysis process, and the combustion continues.

In most combustible solid fires caused by cigarettes, the ignition of solid combustibles usually requires a fire source, that is, cigarettes and combustibles contact for a long time to release flammable vapor. At the same time, there is also a delay time between ignition and rapid combustion. Steam and heat are produced in the combustion process, and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced. High temperature, lack of oxygen and carbon monoxide are the main death risks in the fire of burning solid combustible materials in cigarettes. Many victims are often not burned, but killed by hot air, carbon monoxide and lack of oxygen. In addition, a large number of gases such as smoke, aldehyde and acid are produced during combustion, which have a strong stimulating effect on human body by themselves or when combined with water vapor.

Of course, this does not mean that solid combustible materials will be ignited as soon as they contact cigarettes. In fact, it is a very complicated process for cigarettes to cause fuel combustion. Whether it can cause combustion depends on the thermal properties of combustible materials (thermal conductivity, specific heat, latent heat of vaporization, etc.). ), the temperature and decomposition speed required for initial decomposition, the physical and chemical characteristics such as flammability of decomposition products, and the capacity of cigarettes as ignition sources. It is also obviously influenced by volatile factors such as the physical shape, temperature and air supply of combustible materials. Only when these important conditions and factors are combined with each other to achieve a suitable situation can the fuel catch fire.