Looking forward to Gao Hua Rice's literary journey: an overview of film and television tourism-the integrated development of "film and television+tourism" (Part II)

The shooting locations of film and television dramas are generally divided into location and studio. Exterior scenes include natural and human scenery, and the crew needs to go to the scene to shoot a scene. The studio needs to constantly switch scenes to create unlimited possibilities in a limited space. These two shooting locations have derived two categories of film and television tourism-location tourism and non-location tourism.

Exterior location refers to all exterior locations except the fixed cinema, including natural scenery, cultural scenery and famous buildings. Derived film and television tourism includes natural and humanistic scenic spots, film and television pilgrimage sites, film and television nostalgia sites, film and television routes and other types.

In addition to the officially certified location, there are two kinds of wrong locations, namely, the misinformed location of film and television shooting and the birthplace of the story. The main reason why these places attract a large number of tourists is that fans project their hopes for scenic spots into reality, and they will imagine themselves in the corresponding film and television scenes and participate in the promotion of the story line.

Game of Thrones is a medieval epic fantasy TV series produced by HBO in 20 1 1. In 20 15, he won the 67th Emmy Awards 12 awards, including best plot, director, screenwriter and male matching. 20 16 was selected as the top ten drama series of the year of American Film Academy; 20 18 won the 70th Emmy Award for Best Drama. Such an award-winning TV series has also hit record highs in ratings. It has been broadcast in 199 countries around the world and has loyal supporters at home and abroad. The final episode of the eighth season created nearly 20 million live viewers and broke the HBO viewing record.

Grand background laying and matching framing are one of the key factors for the success of Game of Thrones. The popularity of this series has increased in some places, including Ireland, Iceland, Croatia, Malta, Spain, Morocco and other six countries and regions. Among them, Ireland, as the main location, made full use of this advantage.

Since 20 13, Tourism Ireland has made use of the "identity" of the filming location of Game of Thrones to become a popular movie and television tourist destination. The local government restored some scenes on location, adding movie elements everywhere, so that fans are always there. By 20 14, the first four seasons of TV dramas have brought 82 million pounds of direct economic benefits to Northern Ireland, creating more than 900 full-time and 5,700 part-time jobs. In just 20 16 years, it attracted 265,438+10,000 overseas tourists.

For fans, finding plot eggs in the real world is a great pleasure.

New Zealand was chosen as the world's largest movie destination by HBO viewers, ahead of new york, the location of Sex and the City, and Northern Ireland, the location of Game of Thrones. In 2003, it received more than 2 million international tourists. In 20 14, the tourism income generated by movies was $365,438+$55 million, an increase of $7 million compared with 20 13.

The success of film and television tourism in New Zealand began with the filming of 200 1 The Lord of the Rings, and the trilogy The Hobbit is its peak work, which has shifted the international attention from the destination in the film to the local tourism and is a model of film and television tourism. Among them, The Hobbit trilogy has a great influence on New Zealand's film and television tourism: nearly one fifth (18%) of holiday tourists are interested in New Zealand because of this film; 94% of tourists know that the film was shot in New Zealand; 29% tourists have experienced Hobbit tourism projects.

In the hearts of all fans, there is a * * * Rome tour-Hepburn and Gregory? The Adventures of Parker in Roman Holiday. Local tour guides know and will tell you that "she" once ate ice cream on the Spanish steps, and was startled by Parker at the mouth of truth and fell asleep on the bench in front of the Arc de Triomphe in Seville. These are the places where fans who have seen Roman Holiday chase after punching in.

The tour route of Roman holiday is so deeply rooted in people's hearts that it has been reported by The New York Times, which is also one of the highlights of Italian tourism promotion, and there are countless travel notes spontaneously contributed by netizens. This romantic trip, in the eyes of fans (especially couples in pairs), has gone beyond the scope of sightseeing, even beyond the scope of classic tribute, bringing some subtle feelings of encountering love.

Brave Heart was written by Mel? Gibson's epic war film tells the story of William, the leader of the Scottish uprising. The story of Wallace's struggle with the ruler of England. From 65438 to 0996, the film won five awards, including best film and best director, at the 68th Academy Awards.

Brave Heart was mainly filmed in Ireland, but Scotland, the birthplace of the story and the place where historical events took place, benefited from it. 1995 The release of this film has provided a great impetus to Scottish tourism. One year after the film was released, the Braveheart Conference held in stirling castle attracted fans, and the number of participants increased from 66,000 in the previous year to167,000. The number of visitors to the Wallace Monument in Scotland has increased by 300%, which is also called "Brave Heart".

In addition to film and television location, other film and television tourism modes include: theme park, film and television shooting base, film and television celebrity residence, film festival and premiere, exhibition, fan activities and so on. These destinations often show more magical movie scenes, which can only be fully displayed in the professionally created space.

1) theme parks: Disney and Universal Studios.

In a sense, the theme park is the earliest film and television tourism model, and its core lies in creating a magical scene that can never be imagined in the outdoor location, which can bring more real immersive experience to fans.

1955 Disneyland in California, USA was completed and opened, becoming the world's first film and television tourism destination. California Disneyland, Disney California Adventure Park, three theme hotels and a Disney town together constitute California Disneyland Resort. The construction of Disneyland is based on Disney's many animation and film works, attracting tourists and fans of all ages with a large number of animation IP, high-quality interaction and immersive experience.

Universal Studios Hollywood attracted a group of filmmakers because of its excellent natural environment, and gradually formed a scale. From 19 12, production companies were established one after another, and to 1928, a lineup of eight major film companies, including Paramount, was formed. 1963 Universal Studios Hollywood Theme Park, with its huge film and television industry foundation and the attraction of film and television art, is regarded as the real beginning of film and television tourism.

Compared with Disney, Universal Studios is more "hard-core" and often employs the development teams of corresponding film and television dramas to design tourism projects. Like inviting JK? Rowling made suggestions for the Harry Potter area, and as a result, Rowling suggested that only two kinds of drinks, butter beer and Coca-Cola, could be sold in the area. Another example is to invite a professional special effects artist who is walking dead to make a zombie hood, which is specially used in haunted houses.

2) Film and Television Base: Warner Bros. Studio Tour

The production process of film and television works is attractive to the general public, and many people are eager to go to the studio to "visit classes" and get a glimpse of its mystery, which leads to film and television tourism with studios, film and television bases and other destinations.

Warner Bros., as one of the three major film and television companies in Hollywood, is one of the largest film and television entertainment production companies in the world. Warner Bros. Film Studio, founded in 1928, is one of the busiest film studios in Los Angeles. His works include Harry Potter series, Marvel Comics series, Friends, The Big Bang Theory and Bankrupt Sisters.

Warner Bros. Studio Tour has been going on for decades, and the opening of Harry Potter Studio in London in 20 12 was a great success. During the trip to Warner, visitors can get close to the original Hollywood crew and studios, visit the recording site of hit programs, visit costumes, props, studios and museums, and also visit the location covering an area of 65,438+065,438+00 mu, and keep the settings of classic film and television programs, such as Casablanca, Batman and Friends.

Warner tour unveiled the mystery of film and television production for fans, experienced the exciting moment of visiting the scene, experienced the "adventure" of visiting the big coffee idol, and met the needs of film and television experience such as confirmation and dream pursuit.

3) Film Festival: Cannes Film Festival, France

Cannes Film Festival is a grand gathering for people in the film industry-world-renowned cutting-edge directors, producers, star actors and so on. Participate in it with your own works and accept the evaluation of professionals; Its highest award is the Palme d 'Or, including best director, best actor, best actress, screenwriter, best actor/actress, short film Palme d 'Or and so on.

During the film festival, the whole city of Cannes was immersed in a festive atmosphere, and movie murals and portraits of movie stars could be seen everywhere on the walls of the streets. Open-air movies for non-professionals during the film festival; There are handprints pressed by more than 300 stars on the famous Avenue of Stars, which attracts many movie lovers and tourists.

4) Movie and TV celebrities gathering place: Hollywood Boulevard

The development of mass tourism and mass media brought the 20th century into the era of celebrity tourism, and celebrity worship became a popular culture in the 20th and 20th centuries. Hollywood, where many movie stars gather, has formed its special charm, which fascinates "ordinary people".

Hollywood Boulevard is crowded with landmark buildings such as China Grand Theatre, Hollywood Museum and Dolby Theatre, which shows the world the profound tradition of Los Angeles film and entertainment industry. You can see the footprints of many stars in the China Grand Theatre and the Avenue of Stars, and get in touch with idols in the Hollywood Wax Museum, thus making Hollywood a cultural symbol of Los Angeles.

5) premiere

As an exposure activity before the release of film and television works, the premiere brings together a group of directors, original authors, screenwriters and starring actors related to the works, and interacts with the public and the media with the red carpet ceremony to promote the works.

The premiere of the new film aims to convey information including the release time, directors and actors, and the selling points of the film. The same movie often premieres in several countries, and both the protagonist and supporting actor will attend.

After the ceremony, the film will be shown, which means that a few people attending the premiere can see the film before the global release. With the two selling points of "watching first" and "watching idols", the premiere of blockbusters often attracts many loyal fans, and walking on the red carpet like a star is also a highlight.

The premiere brings participants experiences beyond daily life, including leisure, culture, social and other fields. Coupled with the publicity of well-known media, the premiere is a dream opening ceremony for fans.

6) Fan activities: comic book exhibition

Some activities are specially presented for fans of film and television dramas and certain kinds of fans, and comic exhibition is one of the most popular forms.

Around the world, from the United States and Australia to India, Britain and Eastern Europe, various similar activities are being held, usually lasting for several days. Fans dress up as their favorite characters to attend meetings, such as the Sydney Animation Exhibition, which includes animation and film works exhibitions, animation production enterprise exhibitions, animation extension products, animation training schools and group exhibitions, animation outsourcing services, international animation marketing planning, animation international property rights transactions, animation technology exchanges and cooperation, etc.

Many animation-related activities will be held in Japan, and fans will dress up whenever they get a chance. You can get in touch with famous cartoonists and groups at the event, and enjoy the grand activities created for them with fellow people. In addition, there is the release of the latest animation information, the display of goods around animation works and some animation-related business activities, such as copyright trading and marketing planning.

Well-known TV dramas will also travel around the world, such as Game of Thrones. In Barcelona, Paris, Northern Ireland and other places, the local tourism bureaus have all conducted roving exhibitions for fans to interact and experience, which has boosted the small climax of local tourism.