Ritual translation

Under what circumstances did the ceremony take place? Answer: life has desires; If you can't get what you want, you can't have no pursuit; If you pursue blindly, without a standard limit, you can't help competing; Where there is struggle, there is trouble, and there is trouble. The ancient holy king hated the disaster, so he formulated etiquette to determine the birthright of people, so as to nurture people's desires and meet people's requirements, so that people's desires will never be unsatisfied because of material, and material will never be exhausted because of people's desires, so that both material and desire grow in mutual restraint.

This is the origin of the ceremony. Therefore, this kind of thing is to nurture people's desires. Meat such as cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs, coarse grains such as rice and millet, and five delicacies are used to regulate the mouth; Eupatorium odoratum has a fragrant aroma and is used for conditioning the nose; Carve patterns on utensils and draw colorful patterns on dresses to recuperate eyes; Nursing ears with musical instruments such as bell, drum, pipe, harp, instrument, cymbal and sheng; Rooms with bright windows and deep courtyards, soft mats, bamboo beds, low tables and mats are all used to recuperate the body. Therefore, this kind of thing is to nurture people's desires.

Xunzi in the Warring States Period "On Rites? Original:

Where does the ceremony begin? Yue: people are born with desires, but they can't have desires, so they can't have nothing to ask for; If they want to not measure the boundaries, they can't help arguing; Struggle is chaos, and chaos is poverty. The first king hated chaos, so he divided the etiquette and righteousness to support people's desires and get what they want, so that the desires were inexhaustible and things did not yield to desires. The two men were at loggerheads, which is why the ceremony began.

Therefore, the owners support them. Straw and rice beams are fragrant with five flavors, so raise your mouth; Pepper is fragrant, so raise your nose; Carve and carve, write articles, so eye-catching; The bell and drum control the chin, and the harp is loud, so the ear is lifted; The appearance of the house is sparse, and there are several tables of banquets on the bed, which is also healthy. Therefore, the owners support them. ?

Introduction to Extended Data Content:

This paper systematically discusses the origin, content and function of "Li". Based on the theory of "evil nature", it is believed that "people are born with desires", and there is competition and confusion if they want them. Formulating etiquette can adjust people's desires, avoid disputes and maintain stability. There are "nurturing" and "parting" in the ceremony. "Nurturing" means "nurturing people's desires and giving them what they want" to meet people's material desires and needs, and "dividing" means "equal grades, different ages, equal weight of the rich and the poor", which are interdependent.

This paper analyzes the content of ceremony in detail, especially the funeral ceremony, and puts forward the view of "long ceremony", pointing out that ceremony is the foundation of governing the country and the "extreme of human nature" "The world is governed by those who are obedient, chaotic if they are disobedient, safe if they are obedient, dangerous if they are rebellious, surviving if they are obedient, and dying if they are rebellious."

It is pointed out that people are born with desires, and if they are not satisfied, they will cause fights and finally they will be unable to clean up. Therefore, the former king formulated etiquette to meet people's desires and requirements, and etiquette appeared to balance desires and foreign objects.

Rites are used to treat life and death carefully, and people can't be generous. At the same time, use courtesy to carefully handle good and bad luck, so that good and bad luck do not hide from each other. In addition, politeness is used to complement each other, express love and respect, and develop good conduct. Human nature is wild, and man-made things (talents) have beautiful external forms. If they are combined, the world will be ruled.

Wenge described various funerals and their meanings in detail. The article points out that the funeral is consistent and the ceremony is followed, which not only embodies filial piety, but also embodies the way of saints. The article also criticizes the practice of martyrdom and holds that "it is a thief to kill it and die".

Writing background:

As for Xunzi's life activities, "Customs Poor Pass" records: "At that time, the sages of the world gathered under the millet ... Sun Qing had a scholar who began to study at the age of fifteen." In 286 BC, the Song Dynasty was destroyed by the State of Qi, and Salt and Iron on Confucianism talked about arrogance. "Confucianism is disobedient and scattered." At this time, it is aligned: "If you stand on the position of winning people, you will win on the road of winning people." He pointed to today's Chu's tie in front of me, the geese threatened me behind me, and Jin Wei held it on my right ... If the national policy was planned, the three countries would inevitably take the opportunity to invade. In this way, Qi will inevitably lead to disintegration and the country is in danger of extinction.

("Xunzi Powerful Country", quoted in this book, only with the title) The opinion was not adopted, and Sun Qing defected to Chu. During the reign of King Xiang of Qi (283 BC-265 BC), Xunzi returned to Qi for the second time. "Xun Qing is the best teacher." He was promoted to drink offering three times.

(Historical Records, Biography of Mencius and Xun Qing) During Fan Ju's visit to Qin (266 BC-255 BC), Xunzi went to Qin to meet Zhao Haoqi of Qin. Zhao Haoqi asked: "Is Confucianism bad for the people's country?" Xunzi replied: "Confucianism is beautiful politically in the current dynasty and vulgar in the status of the next dynasty. Confucianism is like this." ("Scholars") Ying Hou () asked Sun: What do you think of entering Qin? Xunzi replied: "shape wins", "people are simple", "officials are afraid", the scholar-officials are "open-minded and public", and the court "listens without leaving" and "governs"; And "almost no Confucianism" is "what Qin lacks" Because of the rule of law in Qin dynasty, Xunzi's thought of governing the country with Confucianism is not feasible.