What is the development status of soilless culture in Liaoning Province?

Present situation and prospect of soilless culture in China

Soilless culture can develop rapidly in the world because this new cultivation technology has many advantages compared with conventional soil.

(1) High yield and good quality.

Soilless culture can give full play to the production potential of crops, and compared with soil culture, the yield can be increased by several times or dozens of times, as shown in table 1.

Table 1 Comparison of yield between soilless culture and soil culture

Crop soil tillage (kg. Ha- 1) soilless culture (kg. Ha- 1) soilless culture/soil culture yield ratio

Potatoes18180174990 9.6

Cucumber 7972.5 3 18 15 4.3

Tomato10502.5 ~ 24997.5150000 ~ 75000012 ~ 30

As can be seen from the above table, soilless culture has great potential for increasing production. Eggplant cultivated in Italy is 33,625 kg per hectare in soil culture and 8,600 kg per hectare in soilless culture, increasing by 1.5 times. There is a vegetable factory in Vienna, Austria, which can produce 1 ton of vegetables per square meter. There is a hydroponic tomato in Tsukuba Science City, Japan, which has been growing since 1980 was planted. It became a tomato tree with tens of thousands of fruits. A thick-skinned melon (soilless culture) can bear nearly 100 fruits, while soil culture can only bear 1-2 melons per plant. Our experiment is no exception. In the experiment of Xing Yuxian of Shandong Agricultural University, the yield of watermelon in soilless culture reached 4.75 kg, while that in soil culture was only 2.6 kg. Soilless culture of cucumber 1986 in Horticulture Department of Beijing Agricultural University. According to the statistics of 1 month, the average yield per plant of 108 reached about 1.9 kg, which could not be achieved by general soil culture.

Soilless culture not only has high yield, but also has good quality. For example, tomatoes have good appearance, shape and color. The content of vitamin C can be increased by 30% and the mineral content can be nearly doubled.

Soilless culture of flowers is also effective. The fragrance of carnations becomes rich, the flowering period is long and there are many flowers. There are 9 flowers per plant, only 5 in soil culture. The dehiscence rate of carnation calyx in soilless culture is only 8%, while that in soil culture is as high as 90%, which obviously improves the quality of goods.

(b) Saving water and nutrients

When the soil is planted, a lot of water and nutrients are lost, leaked and wasted. Soilless culture can avoid the loss and leakage of nutrients and water and be fully absorbed and utilized by crops. The test results in Italy illustrate this problem (Table 2).

Table 2 Comparison of water consumption between soilless culture and soil culture

Model Water Consumption Eggplant Yield (kg) Yield: Water

Soil 5250 13.05 1: 400

Hydroponics 2000 2 1.50 1.93

Gas culture 1000 34.20 1: 29

As can be seen from the above table, soil culture not only has low yield, but also consumes a lot of water.

The Department of Horticulture of Beijing Agricultural University conducted a soilless culture experiment of cucumber in greenhouse in autumn in Beijing. From July 30th to September 14, it took 46 days to water (nutrient solution) ***2 1.7 cubic meters. If soil culture is carried out, water it at least 5-6 times in 46 days, which requires 50-60 cubic meters of water. According to statistics, the water saving rate is 50-66.7%. The water-saving effect is very obvious, which is one of the effective measures to develop water-saving agriculture.

Soilless culture saves water and fertilizer. According to general statistics, the loss rate of soil culture is about 50%. In China's rural areas, due to the low water content of scientific fertilization technology, the fertilizer utilization rate is even lower, only 30-40%, and the nutrient loss is more than half. The process of fertilizer dissolving in soil and being absorbed by plants is very complicated, which not only loses a lot, but also loses different nutrients, so it is difficult to keep the balance between elements in soil solution. In soilless culture, all kinds of nutrient elements needed by crops are artificially prepared into nutrient solution, which not only will not be lost, but also can maintain balance. According to crop types and different growth stages of the same crop, scientific supply of nutrients can make crops grow healthily, have strong growth potential and give full play to their yield-increasing potential.

(3) Cleanliness and hygiene

Soilless culture uses inorganic fertilizer, which has no odor and does not need composting site. The application of organic fertilizer in soil cultivation, chemical fertilizer decomposition and fermentation, produces odor, pollutes the environment, and also causes the eggs of many pests to breed and endanger crops. Soilless culture does not have these problems. Especially indoor flower planting requires cleanliness and hygiene. In some high-end hotels or guesthouses, it is difficult to solve the problem of using organic flower fertilizer to pollute the environment in the past, and soilless flower cultivation will be solved.

(4) labor-saving and easy to manage

Soilless culture does not need intertillage, digging, weeding and other operations, which saves labor and effort. Watering and topdressing are solved at the same time, and the liquid supply system is regularly and quantitatively supplied, which is very convenient for management. When watering soil culture, it is a labor-intensive operation to open and block the border one by one, while soilless culture only needs to open and close the valve of the liquid supply system, which greatly reduces the labor intensity. Some developed countries have entered the era of microcomputer control, and the control of liquid supply and nutrient solution components is completely controlled by computer, which is almost similar to the way of industrial production.

(5) Avoid the obstacles of continuous cropping in soil.

In protected cultivation, the soil is rarely leached by natural rain, and the movement direction of water and nutrients is from bottom to top. Soil moisture evaporation and crop transpiration make the mineral elements in the soil move from the lower layer to the surface layer. Over the years, a large amount of salt has accumulated on the surface of soil, which is harmful to crops. Especially greenhouse cultivation, once built, it is not easy to move. Soil salt accumulation, after planting the same crop for many years, has always been a difficult problem to solve, resulting in soil nutrient balance and continuous cropping obstacles. As a last resort, we can only use the labor-intensive "foreign land" method to solve it. The application of soilless culture, especially hydroponics, has fundamentally solved this problem. Soil-borne diseases are also the difficulty of protected cultivation. Soil disinfection is not only difficult, but also consumes a lot of energy and costs considerable, and it is also difficult to disinfect thoroughly. If disinfectants are used, there is a lack of efficient drugs, and the residues of harmful components in disinfectants are harmful to health and pollute the environment. Soilless culture is an effective method to avoid or fundamentally eliminate soil-borne diseases.

(6) Make full use of space without geographical restrictions.

Soilless culture makes crops completely out of the soil environment, thus getting rid of the bondage of land. Cultivated land is considered as a limited, most precious and non-renewable natural resource, especially for some areas and countries lacking cultivated land, soilless culture has special significance. After soilless culture enters the field of biology, many deserts, wasteland or areas difficult to cultivate on the earth can be used by soilless culture. For example, in the Middle East and Mexico, people have built many plastic greenhouses on the beach, combined with seawater desalination system, and used soilless culture technology to produce fresh vegetables, which has become an oasis in the desert, bringing good news to solve the living difficulties of people in many poor areas on earth.

In addition, soilless culture is not limited by space, and vegetables and flowers can be planted on the flat roofs of urban buildings, which invisibly expands the cultivation area. According to the satellite survey of 1986, there are more than 6000 mu of flat roofs in Beijing, which will bring great economic and social benefits if fully utilized.

(seven) is conducive to the realization of agricultural modernization.

Soilless culture makes agricultural production get rid of the restriction of natural environment and can be produced according to people's will, so it is a controlled agricultural production mode. Farming according to quantitative indicators is conducive to mechanization and automation to a greater extent, thus gradually moving towards industrialized production methods. At present, there are hydroponic "factories" in Austria, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United States and Japan, which are the symbols of modern agriculture. China Aviation Industry Import & Export Corporation introduced Japanese soilless culture equipment in 1986, and set up a small water-increasing factory, which showed people's interest in this new technology.

Beijing Zhongnong Luyuan Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. is located in Beijing, the political, economic and cultural center of China. The company is located in China Silicon Valley-Fengtai Park, Beijing Zhongguancun High-tech Park, which is the incubator base of high-tech achievements in Beijing Zhongguancun. Is a long-term commitment to high-tech agricultural engineering design, production, construction, technical services in one of the large-scale high-tech enterprises.

The company consists of six departments: R&D department, marketing department, engineering department, home gardening department, greenhouse materials department and processing factory. The company currently employs 168 people, including 5 people with master's degree or above159 people with bachelor's degree or above. The company brings together many senior researchers in the industry. Constantly develop new products and technologies that meet market demand. We have maintained good cooperative relations with many domestic scientific research institutes, and developed and provided different planning, design and construction schemes according to the specific conditions in various parts of China to meet the needs of customers in different regions and at different levels.

Under the background of the country's strong support for agriculture, and in line with the new trend of agricultural development at home and abroad, the company's researchers have formed a product system with the advantages of high-grade PC board multi-span greenhouse, glass multi-span greenhouse, film multi-span greenhouse, efficient and energy-saving sunlight greenhouse, eco-hotel, eco-park planning, soilless cultivation project, plant factory, home gardening and agricultural irrigation equipment. Products are widely used in vegetable seedling, flower planting, seedling production, special viewing, ecological restaurants, ecological leisure hotels, home gardening and scientific research experiments and many other fields. CCTV, Beijing TV, Jiangsu TV, Shandong TV, Xinjiang TV and many news media have reported the company's scientific research achievements in detail many times.

"Zhongnong Luyuan" is the crystallization of all Luyuan people's diligence, love, unity and wisdom, and represents Luyuan people's entrepreneurial concept of "excellent integrity and eternal quality". Show a sense of social responsibility and always be grateful. Gratitude and responsibility to the society are reflected in Luyuan people's pursuit of design classics and perfection, and their integration of beautiful design planning into every detail.

Dedicated and United Luyuan people, with firm pace, pioneering spirit, Qi Xin work together to create a quality Luyuan.

The company's main business:

● Planning, design and construction of agricultural high-tech parks and eco-tourism parks.

Design and construction of high-grade intelligent multi-span greenhouses (production greenhouses, scientific research greenhouses and breeding greenhouses)

● Design and construction of modern landscape greenhouses (eco-hotels, eco-bathrooms, eco-clubs).

● Design and construction of soilless culture project; Soilless culture planting technical service

● Production and sales of soilless culture equipment for family balcony vegetable garden