Who knows the nationalities and works of famous Chinese and foreign musicians and pianists?

Verdi (1813 ~1901) is a great Italian composer. Born in busetto, Parma Province. 1832 entered Milan Conservatory of Music, but was not admitted. Later, he studied music with lavinia. 1842, he composed his second opera, The King of nabucco, which was a great success and became a first-class Italian composer. At that time, Italy was in the revolutionary wave of getting rid of Austrian rule. He used his own operas Lombardy (1848), Ernane (18744), Azra (1846) and Battle of Leniano (1849). The 1950s was the peak of his creation, and he wrote The Joker (185 1), The Bard (1853), La Traviata (1853) and The Masquerade (/kloc- 187 1 ~ 1872 at the request of the Egyptian governor, he wrote the Ayida for the opening ceremony of the Suez Canal. In his later years, he wrote Othello (1887) and Falstaff (1893) based on Shakespeare's plays. 190 1 died in Milan. He has composed 26 operas in his life, making good use of Italian folk tones, with rich orchestral effects, especially vividly depicting people's desires, personalities and inner world in operas, which has strong touching power, making him one of the most popular opera composers in the world.

Johann strauss (1804- 1849) is an Austrian composer. Differing from his son, he was called johann strauss I, and he wrote more than 150 waltzes, so he was called "the father of waltzes". Together with joseph lanner (180 1- 1843), he composed more than 65,438 songs, which laid the foundation for the Viennese waltz. Until today in the 20th century, the waltz is still in the ascendant, maintaining a certain influence.

Johann strauss (1825- 1899) is an Austrian composer. Unlike his father, he is called johann strauss II. Inherited the tradition of my late father and Lana and other predecessors. But "shine on you is better than blue". Little John. Strauss's achievement is greater than his father's. He is a prolific writer. The number of works reached 479, including 168 waltzes,17 polkas, 73 caderes, 43 marches, 3 1 Mazzuca and galope, and 16 operettas. 1844, 19-year-old, he officially took the stage, and his work "waltz of short implied poem" (Op. 1) and three other dances (No.2-4), while "waltz of short implied poem" was repeated continuously in the cheers of "One more"/kloc-0. Johann Strauss II is called "the king of waltzes" because he created a large number of waltzes that are well-known in his life. 1899 On June 3rd, he died of pneumonia in Vienna, and the residents of Vienna held a grand funeral for him. It is said that100000 people attended. His body was placed in Vienna cemetery, next to Brahms' tomb, opposite Schubert's tomb.

Hannis Brahms (1833- 1897) is the most outstanding German classical music composer in the second half of the 9th century. Brahms was born in the family of a professional musician in Hamburg on May 7th, 833. His childhood was very poor. At the age of thirteen, he accompanied the dance in the hotel and helped his father play in the theater. At the same time, in order to get more pay, he also wrote many Sharon music works, including various dance music, marches and orchestral arrangements. He studied piano with Gasell and Banjarmasin, and made many friends in his life, especially appreciated and supported by Schumann and Joachim. He is a composer who pays equal attention to creation and performance. But he didn't go to music school, relying on his diligence, his outstanding talent, and his understanding of the importance and necessity of his career. His mature works prove that he has mastered the highest artistic skills and talents. His works are both classical and romantic, with few titles. Symphony works imitate Beethoven's grand momentum, meticulous brushwork, changeable emotions and sometimes pastoral atmosphere, but they still have their own characteristics. He attached great importance to Austrian folk songs and created more than 90 arrangements. Various forms of ensemble music have improved the status of chamber music. In addition, he has composed more than 200 songs, four symphonies, many piano pieces, theme variations and concertos, among which Violin Concerto D and Violin and Cello Concerto in A minor are the most famous. In the 1960s, he settled in Vienna and made Europe his second hometown. He died in Vienna on April 3, 1997.

Peter ilych Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840- 1893) is a great Russian composer and music educator in the19th century, and is known as a great Russian music master. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky was born in Urals on May 7th, 840. His father is the director and engineer of a metallurgical factory, and his mother loves music and is good at singing and playing the piano. Therefore, their home is full of music atmosphere. He showed extraordinary musical talent since childhood, but his family never thought that he would become a professional musician in the future. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky entered the Petersburg Law School at the age of ten, but he continued to study piano in his spare time and often went to the opera. 1859 worked in the Ministry of Justice after graduation. During this period, he has been studying music and taking part in social piano playing and creative activities. 1862 Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky entered the Petersburg Conservatory of Music, and he finally embarked on the decisive road of receiving a truly professional music education. After graduation (1866), at the invitation of nikolai rubinstein, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky became a professor of Moscow Conservatory of Music for eleven years. However, he often suffers from boring lectures, which hinder his creative activities. Even so, he created various excellent works, including the first three symphonies, the symphony Francesca Dalimi, the fantasy overture Romeo and Juliet, the ballet Swan Lake and the Piano Concerto No.1.. This is the first period of Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's creation. From 65438 to 0877, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's life took a major turning point. Married that year and divorced soon. This is the most painful year of his life. He suffered from severe neurasthenia, so he resigned from the Conservatory of Music and ended the heavy teaching work forever. After that, before 1885, he mainly lived in the countryside or went abroad, mostly in Switzerland or Italy.

During this period, through Rubinstein's introduction, he was appreciated and funded by Nadezhda von Meek. The rich widow loved music very much and was very generous (1877- 1890), which made it possible for him to concentrate on music creation. At the same time, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's creation reached its peak from 65438 to 0877. He began to write two works of genius-the opera yevgeni onegin and his famous symphony No.4.

At this time, Russia's real life entered a reactionary period, the revolutionary forces went underground, and all the progress and democratic expressions of Russian social thought and Russian art were brutally suppressed. Some of his important works during this period reflect the social emotions of the dark reactionary period under the rule of Alexander III-the feelings that Russian people, especially Russian intellectuals, feel confused and at a loss, and think about the fate of the motherland and the meaning of life. But he's not passive. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky once said in his notes: "From completely obeying fate to doubting fate, he finally decided to overcome the tragic fate through struggle", which shows that he has a positive attitude towards life.

Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's later years were the pinnacle of his creation. During the period of 1888- 1889, he visited Germany, Czech Republic, France and Britain, and forged friendship with Brahms, Grieg, dvorak, Cournot and Masnier. 189 1 year, he made a performance tour in the United States and achieved great success. 1In June, 893, Cambridge University awarded him an honorary doctorate. During this period, he composed not only yevgeni onegin and the Fourth Symphony, but also the Fifth Symphony and Manfred Symphony, operas The Queen of Spades and Iolanta, ballets Sleeping Uncle and Nutcracker. There are Tempest, Italian Capriccio, 18 12 Overture, Violin Concerto in D Major, Variations on the Theme of Cello Rococo, and various instrumental ensembles, piano solos and vocal romances. , covering almost all genres. In particular, his sixth symphony (Symphony of Pathetique) written in the summer of 1893 is his masterpiece, and the first performance of this work was personally conducted by the author in Petersburg on June 10+06 of the same year. Unexpectedly, he was accidentally infected with cholera in 654381October 2 1 day and died in 654381October 25.

Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky is a great world-class Russian, who summed up the whole era of European music development. He established his own grand symphonic music system, which is different from Beethoven's system, but summed up many developments of symphonic music after Beethoven in Russian style, making him one of the highest figures in symphonic music. His music is one of the highest achievements of Russian culture in the field of art, and Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky is also one of the Western European composers familiar and loved by our people.

Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky wrote seven symphonies in his life, among which Symphony No.1 in G minor is his first symphony genre and a real Russian symphony, which is characterized by paying attention to psychological description and lyrical sentiment full of patriotism. This symphony is also the ladder and "gateway" for people to understand his symphony works. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky once said: "I am eager to spread my music. I am eager for more people to like it. I will get comfort and support from this hope." .

There are many musicians in history, and professional musicians have given more comments on their talents than ordinary listeners, but what Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky has been pursuing-only his music touched more people and was loved by most people-was realized before his death. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's bosom friend is not only a professional musician, but also an unknown audience. His music tries to express the most common things in the most direct way of expressing personal feelings. He uses the musical language that everyone can understand to organize the poetic elements in life and the romantic and charming elements in human feelings, thus touching people's hearts. Symphony No.1 in G minor is such a work.

Anttonen dvorak (also translated by De Vozak 184 1- 1904) is one of the greatest composers in the Czech Republic in the19th century, and the main representative of the national music genre.

He enjoys the highest reputation among Czech musicians. In his music creation, dvorak always put nationality as an important factor in the first place. All his music has a natural freshness, which often masks the exquisite skills of composing and the painstaking thinking of conceiving a theme, as if it were a divine melody. The music of Bedrich Smetana, Brahms and Wagner and Czech folk songs have the deepest influence on his life. Dvorak has performed abroad for many times, and the brilliant success of the first five performances in Britain can be compared with the honors that Handel, Haydn and Mendelssohn successively won in Britain.

In order to show the highest respect for dvorak, Cambridge University awarded him an honorary doctorate in music on 189 1. /kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, only Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky and Greg enjoyed this courtesy. Dvorak is also a famous educator. He has been hired as the dean and professor of new york Conservatory of Music and Prague Conservatory of Music, and has trained more than 50 musicians, including the famous composer Novak.

(V. Novak, 1870- 1949), Suk (J. Suk, 1874- 1935) and Christopher of Bulgaria (1875-/kloc-).

Dvorak's main works are:

Nine symphonies (1). The correct numbers from the first to the ninth are C minor, bB major, bE major, D minor, F major, D major, D minor, G major and E minor respectively.

(2) Opera: King and Miner, Stubborn Farmer, Wanda, Peasant Rogue, Dmitry, jacobin Party, Devil and Kate, Water Fairy, Almida, etc. 12. Among them, The Water Fairy received a long and wide welcome after its premiere at 190 1, which was no less than Bedrich Smetana's The Betrayed Bride.

(3) Chorus: Ode to Our Lady, Ghost Bride, Saint lyudmila, Mass in D major, Requiem Mass, Thanksgiving hymn, etc.

(4) Orchestral music: In addition to the above nine symphonies, there are symphonic variations, six overtures (including Carnival), five symphonic poems (including The Water Monster, The Witch at Noon, The Golden Spinning Wheel and The Wild Pigeon), three Slavic Rhapsodies and three cello concertos.

(5) Chamber music: 4 piano trio (the last one is dumka trio), 65,438+0 string trio, 2 piano quartets, 65,438+03 string quartet, 65,438+0 piano quintet, 2 string quintets, 1 string sextet.

In addition, there are many songs, duets, piano music and piano duets. Among dvorak's many works, the most famous is Symphony No.9 in E minor (New World).

Cello concerto in B minor, carnival overture, string quartet in F major, opera water sprite, King and Miner, etc.

Masterpieces: Symphony No.9 (New World) (Op.95), Cello Concerto (Op.0/04), Piano Music Humor (Op.0/01-7).

Claude Debussy (1862- 19 18) is an outstanding French composer. 1873 entered the Paris Conservatory of Music. He has been an excellent student for more than ten years, and the chorus "The Return of the Prodigal Son" won the Rome Prize.

Debussy got close to the small group of poets and painters headed by Malamei, and created a lot of acoustic music with their poems as lyrics. He also composed an orchestral overture "Afternoon of the Faun" based on Malarme's poem of the same name, and an opera "pelias and Melisand" based on the Belgian poet maeterlinck's play of the same name. He got rid of the influence of Wagner's opera and created a unique expression.

Piano creation runs through his life, and the early tasker of Arabia and Bergamo Suite are close to romantic style. Layout, Happy Island, Two Images and Twenty-four Preludes are the representative works of Impressionism. There are many vivid chapters in the orchestral Nocturne, Sea and beria. During the First World War, he wrote some works of sympathy for the suffering people, and his creative style also changed. At this time, he got cancer and died in 19 18 when Germany attacked Paris.

During his creative career of more than 30 years, he formed a musical style called "Impressionism", which had a far-reaching influence on European and American music.

Debussy's "Dream World" Debussy, the founder of modern music, has developed a strange sound world that no musician has ever discovered. He was born in 1862. There were no musicians among his predecessors. His father is a shopkeeper, too poor to let his son receive any kind of education, so he plans to make his child a sailor. But a kind lady who used to be a student of Chopin was very interested in this child with musical talent, so she gave him lessons for free.

Debussy cherishes this opportunity very much. He studies hard. At the age of eleven, Debussy was admitted to the Paris Conservatory of Music. During his stay at the Conservatory of Music, Debussy became a pianist in a trio of wealthy Russian ladies, and had the opportunity to travel all over Europe-Florence, Vienna and Venice, and finally lived in the lady's Russian manor for some time. There, Debussy met some Russian composers who tried to create a national music for their motherland from folk music. Debussy is very interested in the strange scales used by these Russian musicians, which are very different from the major and minor scales used by composers in other countries. These scales are based on the folk music of fanatical orientals.

A year later, Debussy returned to the Paris Conservatory of Music and, like many other French musicians, won the Rome Prize and completed his conservatory course. But the music he writes is completely different from other musicians. He doesn't often use the major and minor scales used in traditional classical music. Sometimes, he will return to the strange old mode of early church music, and he often uses diatonic scales. Our major and minor scales consist of seven tones, five whole tones and two semitones. The difference between major and minor scales lies in where those semitones are placed. In major scales, semitones are always in the third and fourth tones, and the seventh and eighth tones (3-4; 7- 1). In minor scales, a semitone is always between the second and third notes, but there are also several different minor scales, in which the second semitone is in a different place.

Debussy's favorite scale has six whole tones and no semitones at all (such as C, D, E, F-sharp, G-sharp and A-sharp), so his melody sounds different from any previous music, and the chords are even more strange. Debussy constructed his unique "dream world" with his preferred diatonic scale.

Second, the overtone Debussy made many bold innovations in traditional music. Perhaps it's because no musician has ever had such keen ears: Debussy actually heard more overtones than the average person. Just like a color is often composed of some other colors (purple = blue+red, orange = red+yellow, etc. ), a sound is often composed of many sounds. All kinds of sounds are caused by all kinds of vibrations in the air, and we can see from the Greek Dan Xian piano that whether a sound is high or low depends on the speed of vibration.

But in addition to the first or main vibration, there are some minor * * * vibrations in a sound, just like a stone thrown into the water, which is not a wave, but an expanding ripple. The first and strongest overtone is the fifth tone above the pitch, which Debussy can hear without hearing AIDS. If we have a well-tuned piano, press a key silently, and then hit the fifth tone above or below it loudly, we can often hear that it is the overtone of another tone, producing an effect that Debussy once heard with his ears.

The second overtone is the tenth tone above the original tone (pitch), and the third overtone is higher, but weak. The following overtones and so on. The main reason why different musical instruments have different timbres is the difference of overtones. Musical instruments such as violin have smooth and round sound quality and low overtones; The higher the overtone of an instrument like a trumpet, the better the sound quality. Debussy used these inaudible sounds in the air to construct his strange and non-earthly music.

In order for everyone to hear, he boldly made sounds that people didn't even know they had heard. Because of Debussy's sensitive ears, he also used different combinations of various instruments in the orchestra to produce soft and flashing sound effects. At first, everyone was confused by his music and didn't know how to understand it, but once they got used to it, they would like it very much. This kind of music created by Debussy is the music called "Impressionism" by later generations.

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