What variety of walnut does Yuncheng Jishan choose? What is the distance between seedlings? Thank you for your advice.

The environmental requirements of walnuts are summarized as follows

1, offshore dialing

Cultivation in the northern area below the altitude of 1000 meters; South of Qinling Mountains mostly grows between 500- 1500m above sea level; Luonan, Shaanxi grows well at an altitude of 700- 1000m, while Yunnan and Guizhou grow well at an altitude of l500-2000m, among which Yangbi, Yunnan 1800-2200m is the suitable growth area for walnuts. Southwest Liaoning is suitable for below 500 meters above sea level. Higher than 500 meters, due to the cold in winter, the growth is abnormal.

2. Temperature

Walnut is a warm-loving tree species. The suitable temperature range and frost period of common walnut are: annual average temperature 9- 16℃, extreme minimum temperature-2-15℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 35-38c, and the frost period is below 150 days. Walnut is dormant. Small trees will freeze at a low temperature of MINUS 20 degrees. Although adult trees can withstand the low temperature of -30℃, when it is lower than -26 ~-28℃, branches, male flower buds and leaf buds are easily frozen. In Yining, Urumqi and other places in Xinjiang, when the extreme minimum temperature reaches -34 ~-37℃, walnuts cannot bear fruit, and most of them grow on small trees or clumps. After leaf spreading, if the temperature drops to -2 ~-4℃, the new buds can be frozen. When the temperature drops to-1 ~-2℃, the production will be reduced due to freezing. When the temperature exceeds 38 ~ 40℃, the fruit is easy to get sunburned, and the nucleolus is difficult to develop, often forming empty bracts. Iron walnut is only suitable for subtropical climate conditions, and it is resistant to damp heat and cold. The temperature requirements are: annual average temperature 12.7 ~ 16.9℃, the highest average temperature in Leng Yue is 4 ~ 10℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is-15.8℃. If it is too low, it is difficult to overwinter. If introduced to Beijing, the seedlings can be frozen to death by tree roots in winter if they are not cold-proof for 3-4 years.

3. Lighting equipment

Walnut belongs to the light-loving tree species. During the annual growth period, sunshine hours and intensity have an important influence on the growth, flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting of walnut. After entering the full fruit season, it is necessary to have sufficient sunshine conditions. The annual sunshine hours should be more than 2000 hours to ensure the normal growth and development of walnuts. If it is less than 1000 hours, both core-shell and nucleolus will be stunted. Especially when the female flowers are in full bloom. If the light condition is good, the fruit setting rate will be obviously improved. In case of rainy weather, low temperature will easily lead to a large number of falling flowers and fruits. For example, in Aksu and Kuqa areas of Xinjiang, where early-bearing walnuts are produced, the ambient light is sufficient, and the annual sunshine hours are more than 2700 hours. During the growing period (April-September), the sunshine hours are more than 1500 hours, and the walnut has high yield and good quality. In the same way. The marginal plants in the walnut orchard all grow well and bear many fruits. The outer branches of the same plant bear more fruits than the inner branches, and the quality is good, which is caused by good lighting conditions. Therefore, attention should be paid to planting density and proper pruning in production to continuously improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the crown.

4. Land

Walnut is a deep-rooted tree species, and the root system needs a deep soil layer (more than L meters) to ensure its good growth and development. The soil layer is too thin, and it is easy to form "small old trees", or the twigs wither year after year, and the yield cannot be formed. Walnut has loose structure, good water retention and permeability, and is suitable for planting in sandy loam and loam. Sticky and hardened soil or barren sandy land are not conducive to the development of walnut cattle. The adaptive range of walnut to soil hydrogen ion concentration is pH 6.5-7.5, that is, it grows best in neutral or slightly alkaline soil. The soil salt content should be below 0.25%, which will affect the growth results. Too much salt will lead to death. Chlorate is more harmful than sulfate. Walnuts like fertilizer. According to the analysis, for every 100 kg walnut harvested, 2.7 kg pure nitrogen should be absorbed from the soil. Nitrogen fertilizer can increase grain yield. Phosphorus and potassium can not only improve the yield, but also improve the quality of nucleolus. However, it should be noted that a little excessive nitrogen fertilizer will delay the growth period, delay the fruit ripening and stop the new shoots for a long time. It is not conducive to safe wintering. Adding farm manure and green manure is beneficial to the growth and development of walnut.

5. Moisture

The adaptability of different groups and varieties of walnut to precipitation is very different. For example, the annual precipitation of walnuts in Yunnan is 800- 1 200mm, and walnuts grow well, but the yield decreases in dry years. Xinjiang early-fruiting walnut, however, does not need much water because of its long-term adaptation to the local dry climate. If introduced to areas with precipitation above 600 mm, diseases are prone to occur. Generally speaking, walnuts are resistant to dry air, but sensitive to soil moisture. Too dry or too wet soil is not conducive to the growth and fruiting of walnuts. Soil drought hinders root absorption and aboveground transpiration, interferes with the normal metabolic process, and leads to flowers and fruits falling, and even leaves withering. Excessive soil moisture or long-term water accumulation; It causes poor ventilation, blocked root respiration, suffocation and decay in severe cases, thus affecting the growth and development of aboveground parts. Frequent autumn rains often lead to premature cracking of green husk and browning of nuts. Therefore, it is necessary to set up soil and water conservation projects in mountain walnut orchards to conserve water; The drainage problem should be solved in the flat land. The groundwater level of walnut orchard should be 2 meters below the surface.

You may wonder why the seller said that walnut seedlings can be planted in the north and south. It is adaptable. If I say they are lying, you may not believe me, because both the north and the south produce walnuts, and other seedling sellers will also have opinions on me (for several reasons. 1 Some varieties have low environmental requirements. Rootstock for grafting can adapt to the south. But the sunshine in the south is not as good as that in the north, so it is not as good as in the end. I just hope you look smart.

This is true for early fruiting walnut seedlings. It usually blooms that year. Doesn't mean it will be fine. It is difficult to grow good crops in low altitude areas in the south. Everyone must know the risks here.

Early-bearing walnut seedlings are easy to identify. You can see them, but it's a little difficult for people who haven't planted walnuts. I'll teach you a simple method. You have to cut the bought seedlings (if they are 50 cm high) into 20 cm branches and blow them in the greenhouse. You should see female flowers when they are about an inch long.

The following is the cost calculation of planting walnuts, which may be different from place to place, but I hope it will help everyone.

The following is an example of planting walnuts on an acre of land.

1 rent (varies from place to place) I have an acre of land in 500 yuan for one year.

Qian Nan suggested planting 42 plants per mu with a spacing of 3.5*4.5 meters. If I use my seedlings, it costs 7 14 yuan for Grade A and 462 yuan for Grade B, and even less if I can buy several seedlings. 6 tablets per plant as long as 250 yuan is enough.

In the north, it is suggested to plant 50 plants with a spacing of 3.3 * 4m mu. If I use my seedlings, I want 850 yuan for Grade A and 550 yuan for Grade B. If you can buy a few seedlings, the money for seedlings will be even less. Only 300 yuan per plant is enough. In the first year, 50 planting pits need to be dug manually or fertilized 1 day. It takes 0.5 days to water the roots, and 5 days to mow the grass four times a year and add a small amount of fertilizer. According to our 50-day plan, we need 350 labor wages. In the first year, fertilizer will cost 50 kg 100 yuan. * * In the second year, 450 yuan mowed the grass four times a year and applied a small amount of fertilizer for five days. In the first year, it will take 5.5 days. In the second year, the labor wage is 275,100kg 200 yuan. * * 475 In the third year, mow the grass four times a year and apply a small amount of chemical fertilizer for six days. It takes 65,438+0 days to apply pesticides. It takes seven days in the third year (because the tree is in Jiaotong University). In the third year, you need 350 labor wages every day. Fertilizer in the third year150kg, 300 yuan. * * * It takes 650 years or more, and there is basically no benefit. * * * It will cost three years' rent.

If the seedlings have problems or the climate is not suitable, you will be busy in vain.

Juglans regia Yield Ranking in 2008

1 Yunnan 148664 2 1.57

2 Sichuan 147024 20.54

3 Shanxi 78664 1 1.45

4 Shaanxi 68283 10

5 Hebei 34886 9.0 1

6 Gansu 32 180 5.23

7 Xinjiang 3 1080 4.67

8 Henan 30242 4.44

9 Beijing 2 1256 2.98

10 Liaoning 16066 2.47

1 1 Shandong 14889 2.29

12 Guizhou 14448 2. 15

13 Hunan 6072 0.87

14 Chongqing 3968 0.57

15 Hubei 3857 0.56

16 Jilin 2788 0.42

Tibet 1498 0.23

18 Tianjin 657 0. 1

19 Jiangxi 502 0.07

20 Guangxi 346 0.06

The above figures are copied from the chainsaw book. Let's talk about some basic knowledge of walnuts. I hope everyone will be honest about their shortcomings.

Classification of walnut

Walnuts are divided into walnut group and Juglans mandshurica group, and the walnut group is divided into 1 walnut group and 2 iron (soaked) walnut group. Juglans mandshurica components 1 Juglans mandshurica 2 wild Juglans mandshurica 3 Juglans mandshurica 4 Keppel 5-heart Juglans mandshurica.

2. Excellent varieties and strains.

Walnuts cultivated in China are divided into 1 walnut 2-bubble (iron) walnut population, 1 early-fruiting population and 2-late-fruiting population. Flowering can be divided into male flowers and female flowers.

The following are the main excellent varieties and strains of walnut population, which have nothing to do with variety quality, because the climate is different in different places and cannot be generalized.

1. Late result group

1 Jinlong 1 .2, produced in Shanxi. Gift 1.2, made in Liaoning. 3 Qinhe 1, Xiluo 3, the origin is Shaanxi. 4 and

Jing 746, Yu 786, etc. There are too many varieties, so you can't write them all.

2. Early fruiting group

1 Lu Guang. 2 Xiangling. 3 Lin Zhong 1, No.5,4 Liaoning 1, No.2,4,7,5 Shaanxi Nuclear 1. 6 Xifu 1. 7 penicillin 2. 8 golden elephant, golden phoenix. 9 Beijing 86 1. 10 thin shell incense. Bofeng. 1 1 green wave. 12 xinxin 2 13 aza343. 14 185, xinzaofeng and so on are too many varieties, so I won't write them one by one.

. Walnut (iron) soaking group

1 Pickled walnuts, 2 fragrant walnuts, 3 sets of walnuts, 4 large white walnuts, 5 yellow-skinned walnuts and 6 smooth pickled walnuts generally bear fruit a little later.

There are also many excellent varieties in many places, which are unknown.

Let's talk about the opening characteristics of walnut male and female flowers first.

Walnuts are generally hermaphroditic. And hermaphrodite flowers. The flowering period of walnut male and female flowers is different (bisexual flowers). Male flowers bloom first, and female flowers bloom first, which is called hermaphroditism, and hermaphroditism is very rare. Walnuts usually bloom once a year. Early fruiting varieties have the characteristics of secondary flowering, but generally do not bear fruit. Even if it bears fruit, it is not easy to grow up. There is no difference between the fruits of the mature secondary flowers except that they are a little smaller than those of the primary flowers. The second flower usually blooms 20-30 days after the first flower.

Walnut pollination

Walnut is an anemophilous flower, and the best pollination distance is within 100 meters. Some walnut varieties can produce viable seeds without pollination, which is called parthenogenesis, which is generally the phenomenon of male walnut varieties.

Growth and Development Characteristics of Walnut

1 rapid fruit growth period

Generally, it takes 30-35 days from early May to early June, and it can grow to 90%.

2 hard shell stage of fruit

It usually takes 30-35 days from the beginning of June to the beginning of July. The size is basically fixed.

3 oil conversion period

Generally, it takes 50-60 days from the beginning of July to the end of August, that is, the long kernel becomes fragrant and can be eaten. It will mature in half a month. You can harvest it,

The green husk will turn yellow and open. Don't close it too early or too late. Does not necessarily affect the quality.

Soaking walnuts means that the fruit takes a little longer, 50-60 days. Everything else is similar. I won't write if typing is difficult.