Where was Bo Qinhuai selected?

Bo Qinhuai ① Author: Du Mu (Tang Dynasty poet)

Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand ②, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.

Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.

Brief introduction of the author

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biography

Du Mu (803 ~ 852), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Mu Zhi in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Born in a famous family, his grandfather Du You was a famous prime minister and historian in the middle Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Wen Zongda and Emperor Jin Shi, he was the secretariat of Huang, Chi, Mu, Hu and other states, and also served as Si Xun, Yuan Wailang, and a Chinese sage in Korea.

In his early years, Du Mu was somewhat conceited about his ability to help the world through the country. Enthusiastic, good at talking about military affairs. Stand tall, dare to discuss major issues and point out the disadvantages of the past. Politically, he is a progressive with insight and courage. However, he was not proud of his career all his life and never realized his ambition.

His poems, poems and ancient prose are all famous, with poetry as the highest achievement, and he was called "Xiao Du" by later generations to distinguish him from Du Fu. He is as famous as Li Shangyin and is called "Little Du Li". In art, Du Mu claimed to pursue "sublimity", not learning "strangeness" and being dissatisfied with "vulgarity". The so-called "non-modern and non-ancient" just wants to make his own appearance beyond the superficial poetic style in the late Tang Dynasty, but his style is not as strange as Li He, nor as simple as Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, and it is also different from Li Shangyin. Author of Fan Chuan's collected works.

Topic introduction

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As far as the content and theme of Du Mu's poems are concerned, they can be roughly divided into the following categories: The first category is caring about the world and loving the country and the people. Such as drinking alone in the county, river locusts, early geese, thirty-two rhymes of the son of heaven, sentimental poems. The second category, poetry that comments on history and satirizes the present through the ancient. For example, Guo Qin Zhenglou, Guo Huaqing Palace, Red Cliff, Tiwujiang Pavilion, Shangshan Temple, Chunshenjun, etc. The third category, poems about women. Such as Peach Blossom Temple, Moon, Jinguyuan, Imperial Secretary, Du Qiuniang's Poems and Zhang's Poems. The fourth category is the reward for expressing your feelings. Send a message to Han Chuo, the Yangzhou magistrate. His main works are Autumn Farewell to Qinhuai and Journey to the Mountain in Huaqing Palace. Before going to Five-Star Red Cliff, I climbed the Leyou Tomb and wrote a letter to Han Chuo. Yangzhou Magistrate wrote two farewell songs, one was Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, and the other was Mid-Autumn Festival in Jinguyuan Garden.

Poetry annotation

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1. Selected from Fan Chuan's Poems. Qinhuai: Qinhuai River, originating in the northeast of Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, flows through Nanjing and joins the Yangtze River. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River.

2. cage: shrouded. This sentence was written in an intertextual way: smoke and the moon cover water and sand.

3. Businessman: A woman who sings for a living in a restaurant or on a boat. Qing Xuzeng's "Er 'anshuo Tang Poetry" said: "Businesswomen make a living by singing. Singing "Flowers in the Back Garden" is just a song, but I didn't know that Chen Houzhu would hold a grudge against the country for it. Listening across the river, Du feels infinite ups and downs, pretending to write poetry? Chen Yinque's "Bai Yuan Poetry" said: "The so-called river-crossing people in Mu Zhi's poems refer to Jinling and Yangzhou. This merchant girl will soon be a singer in Yangzhou, but she is on the ship of Qinhuai merchants. Jinling is also the capital of Chen Zhiguo. Yushu backyard flower, the voice of Chen Houzhu's national subjugation. This singer from Yangzhou in Jiangbei, unable to understand the hatred of Chen's death, still sings decadent songs in his hometown of Jiangnan. Mu Zhi heard his singing, because poetry has a singing ear. "Modern Gordon pai' ea chung-hoon:" A businesswoman should be interpreted as a businesswoman "(Understanding and Misunderstanding of China's Classical Poetry, No.2 Literary Heritage, 1998). One speaker is a businesswoman, such as the businesswoman in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip. You can say both. "backyard flower": the music "yushu backyard flower". There are several people who write lyrics with this song, among which Chen, a native of the Southern Dynasties, is the most famous. Because Chen Houzhu was the king of national subjugation, later generations regarded his favorite songs and words in the back garden of Yushu as synonymous with the voice of national subjugation. For example, Du Yan was quoted in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty: "The rise and fall of the previous generation were all due to joy. Chen will also die, for "yushu backyard flower"; Qi will die, too, because he is "with Song". You will cry when you hear it on the road, and the so-called voice of national subjugation is also heard. "Xu Hun's poem" Jinling Nostalgia "said:" Yushu is dead, and Jingyang soldiers are guarding the building. "

translate

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The water vapor of smoke enveloped the Qinhuai River, and the moonlight reflected the sand bank along the river.

Stop the boat on the shore in the quiet night and lean on the boatman.

GeNv doesn't know the legacy of national subjugation. In the hotel on the other side of Qinhuai River, she is still singing the flower of national subjugation in the back garden of Yushu.

Poetry appreciation

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Jiankang was the capital of the Six Dynasties, Qinhuai River flowed into the Yangtze River through the city, and there were many restaurants on both sides of the river, which was a place for rich nobles and bureaucrats to have fun and feast at that time. Although the capital of the Tang Dynasty was not in Jiankang, the scenery on both sides of Qinhuai River remained the same as before.

Some people say that it is rare to write a poem (Yan Yu's Pale Shi Lang Dialect). The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "moonlight and water moon" in the first sentence is related to the "staying at Qinhuai" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "staying at Qinhuai near the restaurant". However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you must have a "night berth at Qinhuai" before you can see the scenery of "a cage of misty water and cold moon sand", but if you really look down, you will find that the flat plate is tasteless. The advantages of this writing method now are: firstly, it creates a very distinctive environmental atmosphere, which gives people a strong attraction and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first (this is like "a cage of cold water and moon sand"), and then look at the inscription in the corner (this is "Sleeping at Qinhuai Edge"). Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.

"Sleeping near Qinhuai Restaurant at night" seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.

Historical background

A businesswoman is a singer who waits on others. What they sing depends on the taste of the audience. It can be seen that the poem's saying that "business women don't know the national subjugation and hate" is a kind of ballad, and the real "national subjugation and hate" is the appreciators in that building-feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The "backyard flower", namely "yushu backyard flower", is said to have been made by Chen Houzhu, a dissolute and wrong country in the Southern Dynasties. This decadent voice has made the Chen Dynasty perish. However, in this declining era, some people use this voice of national subjugation for fun instead of thinking about national affairs. How can this not make the poet worry that history will repeat itself? The word "across the river" is inherited from the story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Hebei, while the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still indulging in debauchery. The word "still singing" skillfully and naturally connects history, reality and imagined future into a line, which is meaningful. "Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but still sing" backyard flowers "across the river. They are called "swan songs" because of their beautiful and brisk style, showing bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.

"backyard flower" refers to yushu backyard flower once written by Chen Houzhu.

Zhang Lihua, the imperial concubine of Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties, was born as a geisha. Her hair is seven feet long and can be seen by others. Chen Houzhu fell in love with her at first sight. It is said that she often puts it on her lap to discuss state affairs. At that time, Yang Jian was accumulating troops and was bent on winning the world, but Chen Houzhu was able to shrug off it and lived a dissolute life all day. Chen Houzhu built three pavilions, namely "Lin Chun", "Qi Jie" and "Wang Xian" in front of the lighting hall, pretending to be Lin Chunting, Zhang Lihua lived in Qijie Pavilion, and Kong's two concubines lived in Wang Xianting, drinking and writing poems all day.