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The smoke cage is cold and the moon is full of sand, and the night is near Qinhuai restaurant.

business women don't know how to hate national subjugation, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.

Du Mu was concerned about politics in his early days, and he was worried about the riddled Tang Dynasty at that time. He saw the decadent and fatuous ruling clique, the self-reliance of the soldiers in the buffer regions, and the frequent border troubles, and deeply felt that social crises were everywhere, and the prospects of the Tang Dynasty were sad. This thought of worrying about the time and hurting the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. "Bo Qinhuai" is also produced on the basis of this idea. When he came to the Qinhuai River, which was still a bustling river at that time, he was deeply moved and wrote this poem when he heard the singer singing "backyard flowers". According to the poem, the Jinling singer "doesn't know how to hate the country" and sings the song "backyard flower". In fact, this is the author's history that Chen Houzhu (Chen Shubao) finally perished because of his pursuit of debauchery and pleasure, satirizing the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty for not learning from it, which shows the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.

this poem is also quite skillful in the use of language. For example, the first seven words sketch a vivid night scene of Qinhuai River, which shows that the language is concise, accurate and vivid. The last two sentences, the last sentence is clear, simple and natural; The next sentence uses simple allusions to express his deep feelings, which is quite elegant and fresh. All these make this poem appear beautiful in words, vivid in pictures, melodious in style and full of artistic efforts.

Qinhuai River has been a scenic spot in Jinling (now Nanjing) since ancient times: singing halls and dancing pavilions; Painting boats and yachts, going from south to north. The poet stayed here at night, seeing the lights and feasting, hearing the obscene songs and touching the scene, and wrote this poem, which has been passed down through the ages.

The first sentence of the poem, "The smoke cage is cold and the moon is full of sand", writes that light smoke and light moonlight cover the cold water and fine sand. The two characters "cage" combine smoke, moon, water and sand into one, vividly sketching the hazy and elegant scenes on both sides of Qinhuai River, creating a cold and lonely atmosphere.

In the second sentence, "Night berthing near Qinhuai Restaurant", the poet's boat was moored near Qinhuai River. "Sleeping at Qinhuai at night" points out the time and place for the scenery in the previous sentence, and also takes care of the poem. "Close to the restaurant" opens the following chapter. Because of "close to the restaurant", it leads to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "backyard flower", which also touches the poet's feelings. It can be seen that these seven words are a link between the preceding and the following, and the structure is complete.

"The merchant girl doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but she still sings" backyard flowers "across the river." "backyard flower" is said to be a piece of music composed by Chen Houzhu in the southern dynasties, and it is called "the voice of national subjugation" by later generations. "Across the river" inherited a story of "national subjugation and hatred", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in the north of the river, and the small court of the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still addicted to singing and was finally captured and subjugated. Literally, these two poems seem to criticize the singer, but in fact, the poet feels the decline of state affairs and the decline of the world in the late Tang Dynasty, criticizing those rulers who are addicted to singing and dancing and "don't know" that the country will die. The word "still singing" is meaningful, which skillfully links history, reality and imagined future, showing the poet's concern and anxiety about the fate of the country.

What the poet saw, heard and felt, the language was fresh and natural, and the conception was exquisite and meticulous. The whole poem combines scenery, events, feelings and meanings in one furnace, and the scenery is set for the feelings, and the feelings follow the scenery. Chen Houzhu's dissolute subjugation allegorized the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty, implicitly expressing the poet's deep thinking about history and his deep concern about reality. With deep feelings and profound implications, it is known as a masterpiece in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty.

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1. Qinhuai River, which originates from the northeast of Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, flows through Nanjing and enters the Yangtze River. According to legend, it was dug during Qin Shihuang's southern tour, which was used to dredge Huai River, so it was called Qin Zhun River.

2. cage: cover.

3. Businessman: A woman who sings for a living in a restaurant or boat. Qing Xuzeng's "Er An Shuo Tang Poetry" says: "A businesswoman is a singer for a living. Singing the song "Flowers in the backyard" is just a song, but I don't know that Chen Houzhu has a grudge against the country because of this. "When Du Muzhi listened across the river, he felt infinite rise and fall, pretending to be a poem. Chen Yinque's "Yuan Bai's Notes on Poems" says: "The so-called person across the river in Mu Zhi's poem refers to Jinling and Yangzhou. This merchant girl was immediately the singer of Yangzhou, but she was in the boat of Qinhuai merchants. Husband Jinling, Chen Zhiguo is also the capital. Yushu backyard flower, the voice of Chen Houzhu's national subjugation. This singer from Yangzhou, Jiangbei, can't understand the hatred of Chen's death, and she still sings decadent songs in her hometown of Jiangnan. "Mu Zhi heard his singing, because poetry has a singing ear. Modern Zhong Zhenzhen Yun: "A businesswoman should be interpreted as a businesswoman" (Understanding and Misunderstanding of China's Classical Poetry, published in the second issue of Literary Heritage in 1998). A talk is a merchant woman, such as the merchant woman in Bai Juyi's Pipa Xing. Both can be said. "backyard flower": that is, the music "yushu backyard flower". There are several kinds of people who use this song to fill in the lyrics, and Chen Shubao, Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties, is the most famous. Because Chen Houzhu was the king of national subjugation, later generations regarded his favorite songs and words of yushu backyard flower as synonymous with the voice of national subjugation. For example, Du Yan was quoted in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty: "The rise and fall of the previous generation was due to music. Chen will die, too, for "yushu backyard flower"; Qi will also die, but for the "companion song." "When I heard it on the road, I couldn't help weeping. The so-called voice of national subjugation was also heard. Xu Hun's poem "Jinling Nostalgia" says: "The song of" Yushu "is exhausted, and Jingyang soldiers are defending the building."

This poem is written on the moonlit night in Qinhuai, which is confusing and confusing. Restaurants and night markets are prosperous, and string songs are everywhere. However, the world is getting worse and worse, and it has become a trend to indulge in dancing and dancing. Businessmen only know how to entertain guests. Do you know the lessons of the previous dynasties? The warning of poetry lies in the contrast between "not knowing" and "still singing". Poets look at current events with cold eyes, watch drunkards with eye-catching eyes, and satirize reality with history: in this way, the decline of many dynasties was unconsciously caused by people's drunken dreams and carefree enjoyment. The ancient city of Jinling under people's feet has witnessed many such stories of national subjugation!

please forgive me for the scattered photos.