What is Kengo Kuma's occupation?

Kengo Kuma, a famous Japanese architect, enjoys a high reputation internationally. His architecture combines classical and modern styles. He has won the International Stone Architecture Award and the Natural Wood Architecture Spirit Award.

He is the author of Ten Houses and Negative Buildings.

Chinese name: Kengo Kuma.

Mbth: KengoKuma

Nationality: Japan

Place of birth: Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

Date of birth: 1954

Occupation: architect

Graduate School: Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University.

Representative works: Z58 Water/Glass, Nasu Historical Visiting Museum, Guangzhong Museum in Matou Town, etc.

Character experience

1979 completed the master's course in the Department of Architecture, Institute of Engineering, University of Tokyo.

1985-86 Visiting scholar of Columbia University and Institute of Asian Cultural Commission

1987 set up a space design studio

1990 Kengo Kuma and its partners were established.

Professor, Department of Environmental Information, Keio University.

win a prize

2002 Finnish Natural Wood Structure Architectural Spirit Award

200 1 International Stone Architecture Award of Italian Stone Museum

Northeast Charter Design Award of Japan Architectural Society in 2000

2000 "Interactive Interior Space" Design Award

1999 Boston Institute of Architects Outstanding Award for Unfinished Buildings

1999 design award

1997 Japan Architectural Society Award

1997 first prize of dubang benedictus prize of american architectural society.

1997 regional design award

1995 Japan Business Environment Designers Association 1995 Annual Design Award, cultural/public * * * institutions.

1994 outstanding architectural design of Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry was selected.

exhibit

1999, Venice Biennale, Italy, 2000

2000 Architecture Laboratory in Orleans, France

1997 Virtual Building-University Museum, bunkyo-ku University, Tokyo.

1995 Milan Biennale, Italy

1996 regional design award

1995 exhibitions-transmittance, Tokyo Harbor Section Gallery.

1995 1995 Venice Biennale, Italy

1993 Maze City of Shibuya Art Museum, Toyoda District, Tokyo/Tsutsugaru Hall, Shimosaki City, Hyogo Prefecture

1992 Exhibition-Tokyo M2 Column, Setagaya, Tokyo

2008 China Exhibition

work

Ten Houses: There are 10 classes in Japan, and each class has its own fixed residential style.

Negative building: make the building disappear.

Goodbye. postmodernism

The Death of Desire in Architecture

Operative paragraph 1

Z58 water/glass

This is the reconstruction scheme of an old office building, located at No.58 Panyu Road, adjacent to the beautiful garden of Sun Yat-sen, the "father of the country". Its predecessor was the factory building of Shanghai No.5 Watch Factory. It doesn't feel like an old building renovation at all. The mirror-like flower fence on the facade is exactly what Kengo Kuma is good at "making buildings disappear". The climax of architectural space is the top floor of the building, a room standing on the water, in harmony with the surrounding environment. Kengo Kuma didn't let go of any details. The watering method of the flower hedge is also very special. The entrance hall is like an independent outdoor space, and the space is very quiet. On the one hand, it is a mirror facade along the street, and on the other hand, it is a texture effect made of green glass strips. The cross section of the glass strip after corner cutting is square. The traffic in the lobby is very simple. A path leads to the office area and the elevator, surrounded by artificial water. Works 2: The center of the storage office area of Nassau History Museum shows the structural advantages of the building, and the transparent round glass wall supported by solid steel columns reflects the sense of transparency and integration with the outside world of the museum. Inside the smooth wall is a portable and movable expanded aluminum plate with thatch to control light and landscape. These aluminum plates were made in cooperation with AkiraKusumi.

Operative paragraph 2

Matou Guangzhong Museum

Ando Hiroshige Museum, Matou Town, Tochigi Prefecture 1998 ~ 2000. It was built in memory of the master of ukiyo-e painting. Most building elements such as roofs, walls, partitions and furniture use Chinese fir shutters. Try not to use concrete as much as possible, and use Chinese fir produced on the back of the land as blinds. Using the particles of shutters to integrate the building with the surrounding environment, so as to achieve the purpose of making the building disappear. For example, the newly developed non-combustible Chinese fir technology, using computer structural analysis technology, the structure is close to the slender shape of shutters in scale.

Operative paragraph 3

Gaoliuding community center

This building is located in the round village of Liugao Town. The thatched roof shows the traditional outline, and it has also become a symbol of the landscape of the round village. Many traditional houses in the village have disappeared. The materials of this "elegant and soft" building are handmade by local manufacturers YasuoKobayashi and paper (Japanese paper). Double-layer paper replaced glass and aluminum plate. All internal building elements, such as floors and walls, are covered with paper. Paper, konjac gum and persimmon paint are all waterproof to give play to the potential of "fragile materials".

Operative paragraph 4

Commune and bamboo building at the foot of the Great Wall

This building is the work of Japanese architect Kengo Kuma. It is called "Bamboo House". Traditionally, the building should be built with "three links and one leveling" and "seven links and one leveling", but this building is built on a ravine, making full use of the terrain, with the lower floor under the ravine and the upper floor above. The exterior of the building is wrapped in bamboo. Kengo Kuma thinks bamboo is the symbol and symbol of China. When you see bamboo anywhere in the world, people will think of China. It is very meaningful to build such a building next to the Great Wall, and it is also a watershed between agricultural civilization and animal husbandry civilization. In order to avoid the conflict between two civilizations, the Great Wall was built. The problem facing the world now is the conflict between eastern culture and western culture. Only when East and West join hands to restore trust and eliminate hostility can the world be peaceful and move forward.

Operative paragraph 5

Yushe

Kengo Kuma, an internationally renowned Japanese architect, and famous Shanghai designers LyndonNeri and Rossanahu used their creative talents to break away from convention and jointly manage Beijing's brand-new luxury hotel "Yushe". This is the first development project of SwireHotels' brand-new and unique hotel series.

Operative paragraph 6

Lianwu

A house is in quiet water, in the mountains. Clean water is injected between the house and the river, and lotus flowers are planted, so that this house can express its existence through lotus flowers, leading to the river and continuing to the forest on the other side of the river. The building itself is basically composed of brackets. It is divided into two parts, with a hole-shaped terrace in the middle, which connects the Woods behind the house with the Woods on the other side of the river. This wall is designed to be full of holes. Build a smart wall with heavy materials and stones, and the wind can blow through it. The components for making "holes" are: thin travertine boards with the size of 20 cm× 60 cm and the thickness of 30 mm, and stainless steel railings with the diameter of 8×16 mm. These perforated external walls look like chessboards. This time, stainless steel tubes and stones are used to set off the lightness of lotus petals.

Operative paragraph 7

Sanlitun Soho

Developed by SOHO China Co., Ltd., located on the south side of Gongti North Road, it is a landmark project with mixed functions and huge volume. The project includes five shopping centers and nine 30-story office buildings and apartment buildings. The five shopping centers are connected by a skating rink and an outdoor square with water features. It will become the most popular outdoor pedestrian business district and leisure square in Beijing.

One of the architectural techniques used in Kengo Kuma is natural modeling. For example, what does the first natural shape mean? It is not square, nor rectangular and angular. It is round and has lines like a human body. In the 20th century, most architects considered the space inside the building, but the space between buildings was actually forgotten, so in the streamlined design, the space outside the building would also become very interesting.

Operative paragraph 8

Yinshan hot spring bath ginza bathroom

A wooden four-story hot spring hotel is located in a snowy valley. When it was renovated again, the wood of the original century-old shop was used to the maximum extent, and a court room was added to change the internal space structure. The courtyard is surrounded by a delicate 4 mm wide bamboo outer layer. An almost transparent glass, called DalledeVerre, was first adopted in the Middle Ages and was used at the entrance facing the outside. These outer layers of bamboo, which are neither transparent nor sealed, create a warm and relaxing bathroom effect in the hot spring under the soft light and internal shadow.

Operative paragraph 9

Anyoji Murulai Statue Collection Facility

The place where the wooden statue of Amitabha Buddha (a specific important cultural property) was placed. This statue dating back to 12 century was placed in Jixiang Temple in Fengpu Town, Yamaguchi Prefecture. The outer wall is made of 35 cm thick bricks. These bricks are made by local traditional brick-making methods, and some of them are reinforced with steel rings with holes in the middle to filter air and light. Because bricks have the function of controlling humidity, there is no air conditioner installed here. The idea is to adjust the environment by the material itself.

Operative paragraph 10

Design of Tiffany Tokyo Ginza Flagship Store

In the renovation of this 9-story building, Kengo Kuma's approach is to use architectural solutions as much as possible, not just to decorate the facade as an external renovation. Architects pay close attention to the 80 cm gap between the building and its boundary.

In the middle of this gap, 292 special glass panels are combined to form the texture of diamond cutting. For designers, each panel is an independent building component. In the panel, the double aluminum honeycomb, which is usually used for aircraft wings, is loaded in the middle of double glass. Each panel is interpreted from a different angle. Different plates are like precision-cut diamonds, allowing light to penetrate and then refract. The outer frame and hinge of the panel are made of industrial locks used in automobiles. This small detail once again proves to us the high precision and safety of the building.

These panels are finally fixed to the building through four structural support legs, which look like aggregated parasitic plants growing from the ground to the whole building. By adding such a new building in a space of only 80 cm, the designer succeeded in making great changes to the existing building and its surrounding environment, and enhanced the elegant atmosphere in Ginza area.

For indoor architecture, the designer intends to create a considerate and transparent atmosphere by introducing external natural light, and at the same time let the customer's eyes be gently captured by the panel. In order to accurately absorb soft light and create soft shadows through reflection, designers carefully combine materials with details, hoping to show the temperament of light through materials.

To this end, the designer installed transparent shutters made of reinforced safety glass. Large-scale indoor use of stone walls. These light walls from the Adriatic Sea have good light transmittance after being polished into 4 mm thin sheets. The polished mica floor from Sichuan can reflect and refract light well, and each element aims to leave a deep and lasting impression on customers. Combined with the excellent lighting system designed by SatoshiUchihara, the three-story indoor exhibition area becomes a light show, releasing Tiffany's soul.

Designers also try to express the connection between space and the elegant atmosphere of Tiffany flagship store from the structure, and the door of the hall is the ideal interpretation of this concept. This is a two-story space, with transparent crystal stone walls and glass walls facing it, connecting streets and shops. Through the mirror on the roof and the lighting system inside the stone wall, the light fills the whole space and is warm and charming. At the escalator, a wide wooden wall connects the first floor with the second floor, and a brilliant chandelier on the third floor connects the rest area surrounded by wooden curtains on the third floor with the second floor.

Tiffany's collections are displayed in such an elegant and smart atmosphere. Of course, here, designers also try to present the brand's modern atmosphere, which is manifested by wooden curtains, architects' iconic designs and transparent curtains everywhere in the space. The creation of the rest area can best see the designer's intention. Here, soft gauze curtains and slightly heavy curtains appear in the same space, showing the contrast of color and texture, Tiffany Atlas? Our style has also been sewn to the gauze curtain by hand, which shows the unique brand of the brand. The furniture in the space is all customized, still showing an elegant and modern posture.

Operative paragraph 1 1

Bauhaus international home furnishing research and development center

Bauhaus International Home R&D Center located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province is one of the important projects of Bauhaus Company 201-2013. It aims to build an international home R&D club integrating exhibition, design, R&D and leisure. Therefore, on the design theme, Kengo Kuma first considered how to design a landmark building. Combined with the beautiful environment, surrounded by rivers and wide view of China Jiangnan Water Town, Kengo Kuma Office put forward the design concept of "mountain peak", and a building with the highest point of 24m will be built. Sculpture buildings seem to be surrounded by layers of "mountains" around the lake to achieve a sense of harmony and unity between the building and the surrounding landscape, and will shape the "shape and outline" of elegant personality through distinctive building materials.

Operative paragraph 12

Zhichengtang, Kyoto University of Plastic Arts

The building is closely connected with the cliff and fixed with 67 permanent anchor bolts. This unique construction method is no exception. The building has four floors, and the horizontal deflection of each floor is 45 degrees, forming a well-shaped structure, which weakens the discontinuity on the plane, while the environment of all spaces remains continuous. This modern structure of coexistence of continuity and discontinuity is just in line with the new artistic direction pursued by Kyoto University of Plastic Arts.

design theory

"make the building disappear"

How can buildings disappear? He tried to eliminate the existence of architecture with disorderly architecture. Tokyo is called a disorderly city. The old, the new, the big, the small, the artificial and the natural are all jumbled together. This is not only a common problem in Asian cities, but also a charm. Kengo Kuma is considering realizing this kind of chaos in a building, so that it can blend in with the surrounding chaos. His career as an architect began here.

It was the late 1980s, and Tokyo was in a good time of economic prosperity and vitality. Since 1990s, the situation has changed. The bursting of the bubble economy greatly reduced the number of construction projects, and Kengo Kuma tried to turn the prominent plastic existence form into a hidden form. On the ground of the original hilltop park, a concrete structure with a U-shaped cross section was built, and then soil was piled on it to plant trees to restore the original appearance of the mountain.

The building seems to have just opened a crack at the top of the mountain, which can only be seen from the air. People can only see the mountain from the ground. If the existing architectural form is usually plastic, the observatory is hollow, and the architectural form has been erased by using the reverse form of plastic. Nevertheless, in this building, people's empirical understanding of the spatial sequence of buildings does exist. By doing this building, I found the possibility of replacing the previous architectural form with experiential architecture and architecture as a phenomenon.

Glass curtain walls often cut off the connection between the environment and the main body. You can't just use transparent glass to become an open building. Another example is Machiya in Kyoto. The facade facing the street is mostly equipped with wooden lattice windows, which closely link indoor and outdoor. To realize this connection successfully, we must grasp the material and scale of particles very carefully. First of all, we should analyze the materials and dimensions that constitute the external environment. When designing particles as internal and external media, we should also choose appropriate materials and scales.

It is necessary to analyze the activities of changing subjects in the environment. The distance between objects and particles and the velocity of objects in the field can be determined by solving this multivariate equation. The most important thing in architecture is not the shape or modeling, but the particles that make up the building. If the most suitable particles are successfully designed, the building and the environment can blend with each other and the building will disappear. In this kind of thinking and practice, it is not simply to bury the building, but to make it disappear by crushing and disintegrating the building. After the design of particles is completed, other factors such as plane and shape are automatically solved. The traditional design process is to determine the plane and shape first, and then consider the details of indoor and outdoor boundaries.

Modernism also claims to pursue the transparency of architecture, and its purpose is still not divorced from establishing a powerful modeling against the environment. Le corbusier is a concrete building, and Mies pursues transparency, but its essence is to compare glass modeling with nature.

Transparency is more than just visual continuity. He hopes to combine modern high technology with regional natural materials, so that this not-young idea can be regenerated in modern society. This is also an attempt to combine tradition, regionality, progressiveness and globality.

Opinions on public affairs

"Working in China is a major change for me. Before, I have been consciously opposed to western design methods and principles. But Japan is too small for me to practice these ideas. China has an amazing number of various states. In this place, multiculturalism, history and tradition coexist, and the diversity of the natural environment is equally surprising, which is completely different from the current situation in Japan. "

"Why don't we try to put a stone on the realistic road and seriously think about how to put this stone and see what will happen. I have an impulse to call this behavior architectural design. "

"I think this culture of natural integration is very different. As an architect in the 20th century, I.M.PEI naturally integrated into the architecture itself at that time. Basically, concrete is the main body, and glass light-transmitting elements are added. His integration is limited. Now, I hope to make this integration bigger, not only more destructive, but also based on this integration, which is the biggest difference between me and I.M. Pei. "

"The first thing to say is that bamboo is rarely used as the main beam so far, and it is more used as a surface material. But when bamboo is used as its original ecology, it gives people a strong sense of pillars. How to use bamboo as an important part of the structure has always been an interesting topic, because bamboo is a very easy to crack material. If it is a supporting structure, I need to reinforce it and explore it as a new possibility. "

"Zen in Japan began with Taoist priests. Daoyuan monk is the ancestor of Japanese Zen. Speaking of this, I want to cite a case of Zen Buddhism to illustrate. On one occasion, Daoyuan came to China. In a temple, he went to see a venerable old monk, only to find himself cooking. Dao Yuan asked, "Why do you have to cook for yourself when you have achieved such a high position? The old monk replied, "This is Zen." "At this time, the Taoist monk suddenly realized. After returning to Japan, the essence of his development from Zen is the integration of Zen and life. So the so-called Zen, the so-called religion and the so-called culture are closely combined.

"Of course, the brand of the construction industry is needed, and there are many possibilities for the emergence of brands. As an architect in the 20th century, Ando's brand manufacturing form is that after he makes a style, he keeps the brand unchanged. But after 2 1 century, various architectural styles emerged one after another. In this case, if an architect's brand does not change, he will soon be abandoned. So I think the architect's brand is not based on a state of maintenance, but on a basis of "destruction". Just like a brand like Louis Vuitton, it is constantly innovating, but it is actually showing a process of continuous destruction. And in the process, it is more and more remembered. Therefore, the latter state is closer to art, and I think my brand formation process is closer to the destructive form of 2 1 century. "