What countries does the vitality of the British Empire in the past include now?

Population and area of the British Empire in its heyday (3 sheets)

192 1 year, reaching the peak of its territorial expansion. The territory of the British Empire is as follows:

Europe

Britain: the main body of the British empire; 1535, the Kingdom of England merged the Principality of Wales with the official seal of the Joint Act, then the Kingdom of Scotland was merged into the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Joint Act 1707, and the Kingdom of Ireland was merged into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with the Joint Act 1800. 1922, the Irish Free State seceded from Britain, but Northern Ireland still existed. 1937, the Republic of Ireland was founded, and the British name was changed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Ireland: According to the Irish Free State Agreement signed in London on February 6, 192 1, Britain left the United Kingdom. Britain continues to control Northern Ireland. 1937 65438+On February 29th, Ireland adopted the new Irish Constitution and officially named the country "Ireland". 1The Republic of Ireland Act passed in April, 949 finally abolished the monarchy, and transferred all the king's power to the Irish President as the vacant head of state, and Ireland became a parliamentary republic.

Gibraltar: 1704, the war of succession to the Spanish throne broke out. In the same year, British troops occupied Gibraltar at the southern tip of Spain. By 17 13, the powers signed the Treaty of Utrecht to end the war, and Spain ceded Gibraltar to Britain. Since then, Britain has occupied Gibraltar. Spain has been demanding that Britain return Gibraltar.

Flag of Malta. The top left corner of the flag is George Cross.

Malta: 1798, France sent Napoleon to lead an expedition to Egypt. After passing through Malta, the French army drove away the Order of St. John, who had ruled the area for more than 200 years. Malta once became French territory. 1800, the British defeated the French in Malta and occupied Malta. Maltese also took the initiative to demand British rule. 18 14 Britain officially declared Malta a British colony. Malta became independent from Britain. Joined the European Union in 2004.

Cyprus: It has been the territory of the Ottoman Empire since15th century. 1878 Berlin conference decided to hand over the administrative power of Cyprus to Britain, but the sovereignty still belongs to the Ottoman Empire in name. 19 14, when the first world war broke out, the Ottoman empire went to war with Britain, and Britain officially terminated the subordinate relationship between Cyprus and Ottoman. By 1925, Britain officially declared Cyprus a British colony. Cyprus became independent from Britain. Britain continues to build military bases today. Joined the European Union in 2004.

Asia

Aden: 1839, the British East India Company seized the port from the Arabs. 1858, the East India Company handed over the sovereignty to the British government and became the jurisdiction of the British Indian colonial government. 1936, Aden and its inland areas became a separate colonial Aden protectorate. Aden joined the South Arab Federation in 1963, and the latter became South Yemen in 1967. 1990 after the unification of north and south Yemen, Aden remains the port city of Yemen.

Bahrain: 1820, the British government signed an agreement with the Amir of Bahrain to turn it into a protectorate, and Bahrain declared its independence in 197 1.

Bhutan: Britain occupied the border area of Bhutan by war in 1864, and Bhutan signed a treaty with Britain in 19 1 1. Bhutan's foreign policy was handed over to Britain, and its internal affairs remained autonomous, indirectly colonizing Bhutan. 1947 After India's independence, Britain also ended its control over Bhutan.

British New Guinea (now Papua New Guinea): 1884 Britain established a protectorate here, which was later transferred to Australia, and 1906 was renamed Papua. 1949, Papua merged with the rest of New Guinea and became Papua New Guinea independently.

Brunei: 1888 Britain declared Brunei as its protectorate. 1942 to 1945 was occupied by Japan, 1983 Brunei was completely separated from Britain to protect its independence.

Myanmar: Britain occupied the whole territory of Myanmar after three wars: 1824, 1852 and 1885, and put it under the administrative jurisdiction of the Indian colonial government until 1937. Japan occupied Myanmar from 1942 to 1945, and Myanmar became independent from 1948.

British Ceylon (now Sri Lanka): 1796, the East India Company seized the coastal area of the island from the Netherlands; 1802 was handed over to the British government for management; 18 15, Britain deposed the king of Ceylon and put the whole island of Ceylon under British rule; 1948, the island was ruled by Britain.

British Hong Kong (now Hong Kong, China): 184 1 After the victory of the Opium War, Britain signed the treaty of nanking with the Qing Dynasty and acquired Hong Kong Island; 1860, after the war between Britain and France, Britain and the Qing court signed the Sino-British Treaty of Beijing and won the Kowloon Peninsula. 1898, Britain and Qing signed a special contract to expand Hong Kong's border, which placed the area south of Shenzhen River and north of Kowloon Boundary Street in Xin 'an County, Guangdong Province and some nearby islands under the management of Victoria City Hong Kong Government for 99 years. This place was named the New Territories by Britain. In the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984, Britain agreed to hand over all sovereignty of Hong Kong to the China government after the lease of the New Territories expired, and to hand over sovereignty of Hong Kong to China in 1997, making Hong Kong the first special administrative region of People's Republic of China (PRC).

British India (now Pakistan, India, Bangladesh): From 1609, the East India Company established an immigration stronghold along the coast of India, and from 1757, it expanded its territory inland. Most Indian States maintain autonomy in internal affairs, but they must obey the absolute authority of the East India Company. From 65438 to 0858, the British government officially took over the rule of India, and India gradually became one of the most important British colonies in the world, known as the "jewel in the crown". From 65438 to 0876, the British monarch was also awarded the title of "Emperor of India" or "Queen of India". 1947 India became independent after splitting into two countries-India and Pakistan; 1972 Bangladesh split from Pakistan again.

Iraq: Britain occupied Turkey's Iraq during World War I and began to administer Iraq under the authorization of the League of Nations in 1920. Iraq became autonomous in 1922 and became independent in 1932. Britain reoccupied Iraq from 194 1 to 1945.

Kuwait: Since 1899, the Emir of Kuwait has signed a series of protection treaties with Britain, losing part of its sovereignty. Kuwait became completely independent in 196 1.

Malayan Union (now Malaysia): Britain signed a series of protection treaties with several Sultans in Malaya Peninsula from 1874 to 1930; 1896, some states formed the federal Malay state; From 1942 to 1945, the whole Malaya was occupied by the Japanese; 1946, Malaya except Singapore formed the Malayan Federation; 1948 Formed the Malayan Union, including 1896 states that did not join the Federal Malay State. 1963, together with Singapore (after independence), North Borneo and Sarawak, formed the Federation of Malaysia, and Singapore withdrew and declared its independence in 1965.

Maldives: 1887 was accepted as a British protectorate and 1965 became independent.

British Palestine: During World War I (19 18), Britain occupied the Palestinian territory originally belonging to Turkey. 1920, Britain began the mandate rule, 1948, Britain abandoned the mandate rule, followed by decades of armed conflict between Jews and Arabs. Today, most Palestinian territories are occupied by Israel.

Nepal: 18 14 Britain fought against the kingdom of Nepal. After the victory of the British army, a special representative was sent to the Nepalese court from 18 16 to colonize Nepal indirectly. After India became independent from 1947, Nepal became independent immediately.

British North Borneo (a state in present-day Malaysia): Sabah is in present-day East Malaysia. 188 1 year, Sultans Of Brunei ceded the area to the British North Borneo Company. Since 1906, it has been directly managed by the British government. From 1942 to 1945, it was occupied by Japan. 1963 renamed Sabah and joined Malaysia.

Oman: Britain has controlled Oman's prosperous trade since the beginning of the19th century. Oman officially became a British protectorate in 189 1 and became independent in 197 1.

Qatar: Since 19 16, Britain and the rulers of Qatar have reached an agreement to place Qatar under British protection and become independent in 197 1.

British Sarawak (now one of the Malaysian states): 184 1 year, Sultans Of Brunei agreed to appoint an Englishman James Brooke as the governor of the region, and the territory of Sarawak was continuously expanded from 18 1 to1905; From 1942 to 1945, Japan occupied the area. 1946, the British government officially replaced the Brooke family to rule Sarawak, 1963 joined Malaysia.

Straits Colony (namely, Malacca, Penang and Singapore today): These three important port cities jointly formed the Straits Colony in 1826, which was under the jurisdiction of the British East India Company and was administered by the Indian government from 1858, and became a separate colony in 1867, which was directly administered by the British government. All three cities were occupied by Japan in World War II. Malacca and Penang joined Malaya in 1948 and became independent in 1957. Singapore, on the other hand, remains alone in the territory of the British Empire, and autonomy is only allowed in 1959. Singapore joined Malaysia in 1963, withdrew in 1965 and declared its independence.

Foreign Jordan (present-day Jordan): In 19 18, Britain occupied foreign Jordan, which was once a part of the Jordanian province of Turkey, and was appointed to rule in 1920. Jordan seceded from Palestine in 192 1 and Britain allowed the establishment of the kingdom of Jordan in 1923.

Emirates of Trussir (present-day United Arab Emirates): Since 1887, Britain has signed a protection treaty with the local Arab rulers, placing this area under the "protection scope" of Britain. 197 1 year achieved independence.

Ahava (now Weihai City, Shandong Province, China): Britain leased the port from the Qing government in 1898 and returned it in 1930. Liu Gongdao extended the lease of the British Imperial Navy for ten years and returned it on 1940.

Africa

Basutoland (now Lesotho): 1868 Britain annexed this area, 187 1 handed it over to the colonial government of the Cape of Good Hope, and 1884 Britain resumed direct jurisdiction. Independent of 1966.

Bethune (present-day Botswana): 1884 The British Expeditionary Force arrived there, and 1885 declared it a British protectorate. 1895, part of Bethune was handed over to the colonial government of the Cape of Good Hope, and the rest continued to be under the direct jurisdiction of Britain. Independent of 1966.

British Togo: Originally a German colony, it was divided into French Togo and British Togo after World War I. After the war, Britain designated this area and merged it into the Gold Coast on 19 19. Ghana became a part of its territory after independence.

British Cameroon: Originally a German colony. After World War I, Britain designated some of them. 196 1 year, Britain, France and Cameroon merged and declared independence.

Gambia: The country has been the stronghold of British businessmen since 166 1, merged into Sierra Leone in182/0/,became an independent British colony in 1888, and some inland areas were declared British protectorates in 1894.

British Gold Coast (present-day Ghana): British businessmen began to live here from 163 1, and from 182 1 to 1874 is the administrative region of British Sierra Leone, of which 1828 to/kloc-. From 1830, its territory began to expand inland. 1874, Britain established the Gold Coast Colony, and its boundary was finally determined in 1904. British Togo was merged in 19 19 and became independent in 1957.

Egypt: Egypt was occupied by Britain in 1882. From 19 14 to 1922, it is a British protectorate. It gained independence in 1922, but fulfilled the necessary treaty obligations to Britain. British troops remained in the country until 1954.

Kenya: 1886 Kenya was acquired after Britain and Germany divided East Africa. 1888 was incorporated into the jurisdiction of British East Africa Company, and 1895 was directly managed by British government instead of East Africa Company. 1920 Kenya was established as a colony, and 1963 gained independence.

Mauritius: 18 14 Britain won Mauritius from France and gained independence in 1968.

Nigeria: 185 1 set up a consulate in this country, 186 1 annex some areas, 1885 set up a protected area in Niger, managed by Royal Niger Company 1886, from1. 19 14 years north and south Nigeria merged, 19 19 years British Cameroon merged into Nigeria, 1960 years gained independence.

Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia): From 189 1, it was ruled by the British South Africa Company, and the British government directly ruled the area from 1924. 1953, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasalan and southern rhodesia established the Central African Federation, and gained independence from 1964.

Nyasaland (present-day Malawi): Missionaries began to set up their stronghold here in 1875, and Britain established the Central African Reserve here in 189 1 year. 1907 was named Nyasaland, and 1953 merged with Northern and Southern Rhodesia.

Sierra Leone: Since 1787, Sierra Leone has been an important stronghold for British companies to trade in slaves. /kloc-became a British colony in 0/807, its inland area was declared a British protectorate in 0/896, and 196 1 gained independence.

Southern rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe): Britain seized southern rhodesia from African tribes in 1893, which was managed by British South Africa Company. 1923 established a responsible government, which was managed by the British government. From 1953 to 1964, the Central African Federation was formed with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. 1965, which is the Central African Federation. 1980, the white regime reached an agreement with the black ethnic group, renamed Zimbabwe, and became a recognized sovereign country.

British Somaliland: 1884 became a protectorate of Aden, 1897 demarcated its border, 1905 became a separate colony, and 1940 to194 was briefly occupied by Italy./kloc

South Africa: 1795 and 1806, Britain seized part of the territory of the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch twice. 18 14 years, completely annexed the cape of good hope, and came under the direct jurisdiction of Britain from 1872. After the British occupation of this former Dutch colony, many Dutch whites began to immigrate to the Orange Free State and Transvaal, but Britain annexed these two areas after the Boer War of 1900. 1843 Natal was annexed by Britain and became its colony. 19 10, the above colonies merged to form the south African Federation and became a dominion.

Southwest Africa (now Namibia): 1878, Whale Bay Port in Namibia was declared as British territory; 1884 merged into the Cape of Good Hope colony; 19 15 years, Britain annexed the German colonies around the port; And in 19 19, it was established as the mandated territory of South Africa. 1990 independence.

Swaziland: 1890 Britain and Transvaal jointly protected the rulers of Swaziland, 1906 Britain protected them alone, 1968 became independent.

Sudan: Originally a colony of Egypt, Egypt was overthrown by Mahdi in the1880s. 1898 Britain reoccupied Sudan in the name of Egypt and ruled Sudan together with Egypt. 1956 Sudan becomes independent.

Tanganyika: Originally a German colony in East Africa, it was appointed by Britain in 19 19, became independent in 196 1 year, and 1964 formed Tanzania with Zanzibar.

Zanzibar: 184 1 British consulate was established on the island, 1890 was declared as a British protectorate, 1963 became independent, and the following year it merged with Tanganyika to form Tanzania.

Uganda: 1890 British East Africa Company signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Buganda, 1894 Buganda officially became a British protectorate, 1896 several other regions joined the protectorate one after another, 1905 Uganda was established as a colony, and 1962 became independent.

North America and the Atlantic Ocean

Ascension Island: 18 15 years, after Napoleon was imprisoned in St. Helena, Britain stationed troops here to prevent the French from controlling the island. St. Helena began to be under the jurisdiction of 1922.

British Guiana (now Guiana): 1796 and 1803, Britain acquired Bobis, de Melara and Essequibo, three colonies originally belonging to the Netherlands. 183 1 year, three colonies merged to form British Guiana colony, 1966 became independent.

British Honduras (present-day Belize): From 1636, British lumberjacks settled on the coast of the country, and then Spain and Britain competed for control of the area until 1786, when Britain gained full control. 1862 to 1884 was under Jamaican jurisdiction, 1884 became an independent colony, and 198 1 year became independent.

Canada: French Canada 1760 was occupied by Britain, and 1763 established British Quebec colony. 179 1 year, Canada was divided into two independent colonies. Upper Canada was renamed East Canada, and Upper Canada was called West Canada. East and West Canada were the core parts of Quebec and Ontario respectively. 1867 merged with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to form the dominion of Canada, and then British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Northwest China and Newfoundland successively joined the dominion of Canada. 193 1 year gained autonomy, and 1982 gained complete independence after gaining the right to amend the constitution.

Falkland Islands: Britain occupied the Falkland Islands for the first time in 1765, then withdrew in 1774 under the protest of Spain, reoccupied in 1833, and began colonial rule in 184 1 year. 1982 Argentina declared the Falkland Islands as its own, which triggered the Falklands War. After the victory of the war, Britain recovered the sovereignty of the Falklands. At present, Argentina and Britain are still arguing over the sovereignty of this island.

Dominion of Newfoundland: British ships have been fishing in this area since the late 5th century. Sir Humphrey Gilbert landed in Newfoundland on 1583 and declared it a British territory. 17 13 years, the British government began to colonize it directly. 1855, Newfoundland established a responsible government, but in 65438, the British government established a responsible government.

Anguilla: 1650 Some St. Christopher immigrated here, 1663 the island was declared a British dependency. From 1882 to 1967, it was managed by the joint government with St. Christopher, 1967 quit, 1967 quit.

Saint Christopher, Antigua: 1632 became a colony, 1663 came under British jurisdiction, and 198 1 became Antigua and Barbuda.

Bahamas: 17 17 was ruled by Britain, and 1973 became independent.

Barbados: The island was inhabited from 1625, ruled by the British government from 1663, and became independent from 1966.

Bermuda: 16 12 A company in London began to manage Bermuda, which came under the direct jurisdiction of the British government from 1684.

British Virgin Islands: It was inhabited from 1666 and became a British colony from 17 13.

Cayman Islands: Spain ceded the islands in 1670, and it was under the direct jurisdiction of Jamaican colonial government until 1959 became an independent colony.

Dominica: 176 1 year Britain acquired the island from France, 1778 France recaptured Dominica, 1783 Britain reoccupied it; 1978 Independent.

Grenada: 1762 Britain acquired the island from France, 1779 France recaptured Grenada, 1783 Britain reoccupied it; Independent of 1974.

Jamaica: 1655 Britain seized the island from Spain, 1962 became independent.

Montserrat: It has been inhabited since 1632, and 1663 became a British colony. France ruled the island twice in 1664~ 1768 and 1782~ 1784.

St Christopher and Nevis: St Christopher became the first British colony in the Caribbean in 1623. It was directly ruled by the British government from 1663, and was briefly occupied by France from 1782 to 1783. 1882 St. Christopher and Nevis formed a Coalition government, 1983 became independent and was called Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Saint Lucia: Britain seized the island from France in 1778 and returned it to France in 1783. Britain reoccupied in 1796 and 1803 respectively. Britain annexed Saint Lucia in 18 14 and became independent in 1979.

Saint Vincent: 1762 British occupation of the island, 1779 ~ 1783 French occupation, 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines became independent.

Trinidad: 1797 Britain acquired the island from Spain, 1888 formed a coalition government with Tobago, 1962 Trinidad and Tobago became independent.

Turks and Caicos Islands: People have lived here since 1678, and the islands were annexed by Britain in 1766. Later, it was under the jurisdiction of the colonial governments of Jamaica and Bahamas, and became a separate colony in 1973.

St Helena: The island was annexed by Britain in 165 1 year, managed by the East India Company in 166 1 year, and directly managed by the British government in 1834.

Tristan da Cunha: In order to prevent Napoleon who was imprisoned on St. Helena in 18 15, the island was occupied by the Royal Navy in 18 16 and became a British colony under the administration of St. Helena from 1938.

Oceania

Australia: New South Wales is the earliest British colony in Australia. 1770, james cook proposed to develop the east coast of Australia. 1788, the first batch of British prisoners immigrated here to pioneer, 1855 established a responsible government in New South Wales. Queensland became the first British colony in Morton Bay in 1824. At first, it belonged to the colonial government of New South Wales. 1859 to establish an independent responsible government. 1834, the British Parliament decided to establish a new colony in Australia. The first batch of British colonists arrived in South Australia in 1836, and a responsible government was established in South Australia in 1855. Tasmania was colonized by Europeans as early as 1803, and was first called Vandimenland, which was an administrative region under the colonial government of New South Wales. 1825 left New South Wales and became an independent British colony. 1856, responsible government was established. 1834, the British from Tasmania colonized Port Phillip again. 185 1 year, the Victorian colony was established, and the responsible government was established four years later. Western Australia was colonized from 1826, but it was not until 1890 that a responsible government was established. 190 1 year, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia merged to form the Commonwealth of Australia, and then obtained dominion status. 1986 obtained complete final adjudication right and was completely independent.

Ellis Islands (present-day Tuvalu): 1892, which was declared as its protected area by Britain; 19 16, Ellis islands and gilbert islands formed a colony; 1978, they became independent.

Gilbert islands (now Kiribati): 1892 became a British protectorate together with Ellis Islands, 19 16 became a colony with Ellis Islands, and 1979 became independent.

Fiji: Missionaries and colonists have settled in Fiji since 1835. At the request of Fiji Chief in 1874, Britain placed Fiji under its protection and became independent in 1970.

Nauru: Originally from New Guinea, Germany. After World War I, Australia began the mandate rule until Nauru became independent in 1968.

New Zealand: james cook claimed sovereignty over the North Island and South Island of New Zealand in 1769 and 1770 respectively. 1840, Britain signed a treaty with the local Maori, and Britain began to rule New Zealand. 1856, new Zealand established a responsible government, and then obtained the status of dominion. 1986 obtained complete final adjudication right and was completely independent.

Pitcairn Island: 1790, the British warship Bunty mutinied and nine sailors fled to settle on the island. 1838, Britain incorporated it into the empire territory.

Solomon Islands: It has been a British protectorate since 1893. It was occupied by Japan during World War II and became independent from 1978.

Tonga: The ruler of Tonga signed a treaty of friendship with Britain in 1879, and was protected by Britain since 1900, and became independent in 1970.

New hebrides (now Vanuatu): Originally a colony of Britain and France, it became independent in 1980. ? [4]?

Antarctica

British Antarctic Territory: 18 19 Britain declared its sovereignty over this region, thus becoming the first country in the world to declare its sovereignty over Antarctic territory. In 1908 and 19 17, Britain declared part of the territorial sovereignty of Antarctica twice. The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 stipulates that the land above 60 south latitude does not belong to any country, and it also prohibits countries with territory in other parts of Antarctica from immigrating here or engaging in other activities unrelated to scientific research, so Britain withdrew its military presence to the north of 60 south latitude.