How were the hanging gardens built in ancient Greece? 》

Construction time: about 600 BC

Construction site: Babylon near Baghdad, Iraq.

Like the colossus of Rhodes, archaeologists have not found the remains of the hanging garden so far. In fact, many ancient people mentioned the hanging garden in their works, but they only heard it from others' backs and didn't really see it. Is the hanging garden purely a legend?

Hanging Garden is located in the east of the Euphrates River, about 50 miles south of Baghdad, one of the four ancient civilizations in Babylon. Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon have never hung in the air. The origin of this name is purely due to people's misinterpretation of the Greek word "kremastos" and the Latin word "pensilis", which originally meant "hanging" and "protruding".

It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC) to comfort the homesick princess Amyitis, imitating the old image of the princess on the mountain.

This hanging garden was built in 600 BC. It is a pyramid with four corners. The building made of asphalt and bricks is supported by arched columns. Green trees are planted on the steps all year round. The river looks like a hill from a distance under the artificial river next to the hanging garden.

The most magical part of the hanging garden is the water supply system. Because there is not much rain in Babylon, and the ruins of the hanging garden are thought to be far away from the Euphrates River, the researchers believe that there should be many water conveyance facilities in the hanging garden, as shown in the figure. The slaves kept pushing the handle with gears to transport the groundwater to the storage tank on the top floor and then return to the ground through the artificial river. Another problem is maintenance, because it is impossible for ordinary buildings to resist the erosion of the river for many years without falling down. Because there are not many stones in Mesopotamia, researchers think that the bricks used in hanging gardens are different. They added reeds, asphalt and tiles, and there are even documents that the stone was covered with lead to prevent the river from infiltrating into the foundation.

Temple of themis (Di Anna) in Ephesus.

Construction time: about 550 BC. Construction site: Ephesus, the Greek city-state, which is now the west coast of Turkey.

Themis is the Greek goddess of wading. Arabs call her Rath, Egyptians call her Isis, and Romans call her Diana. In ancient Greece, themis was deeply worshipped, so he built the Temple of themis.

The ruins of Al-themis Temple are estimated to be located in the ancient city of Soul of Freedom, about 50 kilometers south of Izmir (Smyrna).

The Temple of Al themis has been rebuilt seven times. The first temple of Al themis was designed by architects Samos, Chergihon and his son Metachinis in 550 BC, and was built in Ionian style. It was the first building built entirely of marble and the largest building at that time, with an area of 6050 square meters, supported by marble columns with a height of 127 under the treaty 19 to 20 meters. The whole building was decorated with bronze, silver, gold and ivory reliefs of famous artists at that time, such as Pheidias, Polly Cletus, keresey Ras and Vladmont, and the statue of Al themis was placed on the U-shaped altar in the center.

Later, in 356 BC, the temple was destroyed by fire and invasion, and the length of the reconstructed marble column increased to 2 1.7 meters, with thirteen steps around it. Finally, because people who love free souls converted to Christianity, the temple was destroyed by St. John Christom in 40 1 A.D., and it failed to be rebuilt and disappeared from the earth.