Society in Yulin

In 2012, the urban integration process of Yulin City accelerated, and the construction of central cities achieved remarkable results. Yulin's central urban area has been fully covered, 27 road and bridge projects have been completed and opened to traffic, and 104 roadway reconstruction projects have been completed; the urban water supply penetration rate has reached 96%, and the gasification rate has reached 83%. The group development and construction of Airport Ecological Zone, Southwest New District, Qinhe New District, and Dongsha New District have begun. The establishment of a provincial garden city passed the acceptance inspection, and the provincial environmental protection model city passed the technical evaluation. The construction of two provincial-level demonstration towns, Jinjie and Dongkeng, has completed an investment of 1.14 billion yuan. 450 million yuan of Zhennan funds were invested in the revitalization project of the southern part, which is the total amount of investment since the "11th Five-Year Plan", driving nearly 1 billion yuan of investment from all parties, setting a new high in history.

In 2012, there were 335 days in Yulin urban area that were grade II or above, 1 day more than in the previous year, of which 50 days were in grade I, 8 days more than in the previous year. No water quality in any monitored section in the city was inferior to Category V. Among them, the water quality of the Mizhi section in Wuding River improved from Category IV to Category III. The water quality compliance rate of centralized drinking water sources is 100%. Yulin area has a long and splendid cultural tradition, which once formed the cultural climax of the Han Dynasty. Due to Yulin's unique geographical location and the influence of ethnic minority cultures, Yulin's cultural characteristics are distinctive and rich in connotation. In the long feudal society, due to political turmoil and economic decline, the development of cultural undertakings was slow. In the 1920s, influenced by the "May 4th" movement and the strong advocacy of Du Bincheng, Wei Yechou, Wang Senran and others, along with the emancipation of the mind, Yulin swept away the dull atmosphere in the past, and the cultural undertakings turned around. The leader of the New Culture Movement The works of Lu Xun, Guo Moruo and others entered middle school classrooms, and progressive cultural societies began to appear. After 1942, most areas of Yulin carried out the New Culture Movement under the guidance of Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art". Yangge opera, wall poetry, and new folk songs were very active, and cultural undertakings were full of vitality. After the founding of New China, cultural undertakings received great attention from the party and the government and developed rapidly. A new situation has emerged in mass culture, folk art, literature and art, books, movies, drama and other aspects. Folk Custom Yulin City has 12 counties (districts), and it is customary to say that there are 6 counties in the north and south. The six northern counties (districts) are: Yulin, Hengshan, Shenmu, Fugu, Jingbian, and Dingbian; the six southern counties are: Suide, Mizhi, Qingjian, Wubao, Jiaxian, and Zizhou. The six northern counties have the Great Wall crossing their borders and the dunes of the Mu Us Desert; the six southern counties are all within the Great Wall and are hilly and ravine areas of the Loess Plateau. Therefore, there are obvious differences in customs between the north and the south. Grassland civilization (nomadic culture) accounts for a considerable proportion in Bei6 County. The animal husbandry has always been developed. The people live in willow huts and brick houses. They like to eat fried rice, cheese, hand-caught mutton, drink white wine, and like to wear leather jackets and leather trousers. I am very happy to start; although the six southern counties are influenced by nomadic civilization, they are dominated by the Yellow River civilization (land culture). The people live in cave dwellings, eat miscellaneous grains, wear commoners, are passionate about their homeland, are unwilling to migrate, rely on agriculture as their occupation, and work hard to cultivate thin fields. , Work at sunrise and rest at sunset. Although you work hard all year round, you are still happy.

The customs in Yulin have a simple tradition. When farmers in mountainous areas build cave dwellings, they first ask Mr. Yin and Yang to look at the terrain and mountain shape, determine the direction, and choose an auspicious day. There are many styles of cave dwellings and they are exquisite. The facades are carved out with fine chisels, and there are corridors and rain basins in front of the caves. The window lattice is staggered in curves and lengths, alternating with short and long lengths, forming various artistic patterns. The wealthy families in the city live in large tile-roofed houses with high roofs, with one entrance and two doors, with corridors and colorful carvings. There are even larger houses with flagpoles and stone lions in front of the door. The front door is made of polished bricks and has a screen wall. There is a moon door in the second entrance. It is divided into a front and a back yard. The front yard is a study and a reception room, and the back yard is for family members.

National Intangible Cultural Heritage

Yulin Xiaoqu

On May 20, 2006, Yulin Xiaoqu was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage Cultural Heritage List. Yulin Xiaoqu is a Han art form in Shaanxi Province that is between folk art and folk songs. It is also known as Yulin Oratorio and is popular in Yulin, Shaanxi. It is said that during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1662-1722), artists from the south of the Yangtze River who accompanied the army were introduced to Yulin. It has a history of more than 300 years.

It takes the form of seated singing, where one person sings solo, with duets or dialogues in between, the man pretends to be a woman, and the real and false voices are combined. The accompaniment is mainly dulcimer, with plucked instruments such as pipa, zither, and sanxian, and sometimes Yueqin or Jinghu. A small porcelain plate is used for percussion instruments.

The arias are mostly narrative lyrical ditties, with obvious Jiangnan folk song flavor. In the process of spreading, on the one hand, it maintains the traditional characteristics, and on the other hand, it absorbs the local folk songs of northern Shaanxi, thus forming a new art integrating the north and the south. Variety, very popular among local people.

Northern Shaanxi Storytelling

Northern Shaanxi Storytelling is a very important folk art storytelling form in the northwest region. It is mainly popular in Yan'an and Yulin in northern Shaanxi Province. Initially, some legendary stories were sung by poor blind people using folk tunes from northern Shaanxi. Later, it absorbed the tunes of Meihu, Qinqiang, Daoqing and Xintianyou, and gradually formed a storytelling form of long stories in rap performances. The traditional performance form of storytelling in northern Shaanxi is that the artist uses the northern Shaanxi accent, holds a sanxian or pipa, and narrates the story alternately between playing, singing, and rapping. Depending on the accompaniment of the instrument, it is either called "Sanxian Book" or "Pipa Book". By the 1930s and 1940s, under the transformation of the famous artist Han Qixiang and others, storytelling in northern Shaanxi developed into a situation where one person could simultaneously play the big sanxian (or pipa), bangzi, shuban, a knotted piece of wood called "Ma Cha Cha" and a small gong ( Or cymbals) five musical instruments accompaniment form of folk art storytelling. The lyrics of storytelling in northern Shaanxi are popular and smooth, with strong local characteristics; the tunes are relatively rich, and the style is exciting and rough. It is known as the "nine tunes and eighteen tunes", among which the commonly used ones are single tune, double tune, Xiliang tune and Shandong tune. , Ping Tiao, Crying Tiao, Dui Dui Tiao, Wu Tiao, etc. There are many traditional storytelling programs in northern Shaanxi, among which the representative long stories include "The Story of Flowers and Willows", "The Story of the Wave of Money", "The Story of the Lantern", "The Carved Feather Fan", etc., and the short segments include "Sister Zhang Qi's Descend to the World" and so on. Since the 1940s, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Literary Association has established a storytelling group. New literary and art workers Lin Shan and others have helped Han Qixiang and other artists to compile and produce some new books to support the revolutionary struggle, such as "Liu Qiao Reunion", "Liu Qiao Reunion" and "Liu Qiao Reunion". "Wang Piqin Takes the South Road", "The Great Victory in Yichuan", "Story of Standing Up", "I Storytelling to Chairman Mao", etc. Han Qixiang, Liu Xuwang, Dang Fuxiang, Wang Jinkao, etc. are influential storytellers in northern Shaanxi. In recent years, the development of storytelling in northern Shaanxi has been in trouble. Old artists have gradually passed away, and there are few successors to inherit the art, which is in urgent need of support and protection.

Folk Songs of Northern Shaanxi

In June 2008, folk songs of northern Shaanxi declared by Yulin City and Yan'an City in Shaanxi Province were approved by the State Council and included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

Northern Shaanxi folk songs are Han folk songs in northern Shaanxi. They are divided into three categories: labor chants, Xintianyou, and minor tunes. Labor chants include banging songs, banging songs, quarrying songs, cow-calling songs, and playing field songs. Xintianyou is divided into high-pitched and flat-pitched tunes. These Han folk songs with their own genres and characteristics reflect social life in all aspects and sing the joys, sorrows, loves and hates of the people in northern Shaanxi. When the social system fundamentally changes, the content and form of folk songs also change with it. changes. This change is reflected in the new social life and new characters in the content, and also gives new meaning to various genres.

Northern Shaanxi Yangge

Northern Shaanxi Yangge is a widely popular and representative traditional Han dance spread in the northern Shaanxi Plateau of Shaanxi. It is also known as Naohonghuo, Nao Yangge, Making noise in society, making noise in Yangge, etc. It is mainly distributed in Yulin, Yan'an, Suide, Mizhi and other places in Shaanxi Province. It has a long history, rich content and diverse forms. Among them, Suide and Mizhi Yangko are the most representative.

Jingbian Donkey Racing

On June 14, 2008, it was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council.

Jingbian Donkey Racing is a form of Han folk song and dance performance spread in the folk community of Jingbian County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province. The legend is based on the folk tale of Zhang Guolao riding a donkey backwards or Ming Dynasty. It was adapted by artist Yao Fu during the Hua Dynasty based on the bamboo horse racing. The running donkey usually follows the yangko team and performs impromptu performances. After being processed and organized by the famous artist Zhang Youwan and dancer Meng Haiping, it has become a unique folk stage performance art in northern Shaanxi that is full of interest in life, rich in technology, and unique. Its characteristic is that the "donkey" is personified, and the performance is expressive, emotional, witty and humorous, showing the attractive charm and aesthetic value of folk culture and art.

North Shaanxi Road Love

In 2008, it was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Shaanbei Daoqing is one of the Han opera types in the northern Shaanxi region. It was originally called "Qingjian Daoqing". Later, it was introduced into northern Shaanxi due to "Longdong Daoqing" and Shanxi "Shenchi Daoqing" and formed a new style. "Three Sides of Taoism" and "Shenfu Taoism" are collectively called "Northern Shaanxi Taoism".

Popular in Qingjian, Zichang, Zhidan, Wuqi, Suide, Yulin, Zizhou, Dingbian, Jingbian, Shenmu, Fugu and other places.

Suimi Suona

Suimi Suona has been selected into the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects.

Suimi Suona is a very common Han folk art form in the lives of people in northern Shaanxi and Shaanxi. Whether in urban or rural areas, it is played during weddings and funerals, opening celebrations, moving to a new house, Yangko, Helongkou, etc. For full moon celebrations, anniversaries, temple fairs and other celebrations, one or two groups of players need to be hired to play for fun. Suona Qupai is very particular. There are special suites for both red and white affairs. The main melody of the red event is the parade (also known as the victory order), and the main melody of the white event is loneliness.

Proverbs (Folk Proverbs of Northern Shaanxi)

On November 11, 2014, Proverbs (Folk Proverbs of Northern Shaanxi) were approved by the State Council and included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

Proverbs, like idioms, are part of the language as a whole and can increase the vividness and vividness of the language. But proverbs and famous quotes are different. Proverbs are the practical life experience of working people, while famous quotes are what celebrities say.

Fugu Er-person Stage

Fugu Er-person Stage is one of the most distinctive varieties of Han folk opera in Fugu, Shaanxi Province. It is located in the Shenmu and Fugu areas at the junction of northern Yulin City and Inner Mongolia. There is a kind of "two-person stage" that has developed from folk songs to opera and has begun to take shape. Its language is easy to understand, and it absorbs and uses a lot of the rich vocabulary of local farmers. It has an artistic style that is passionate, bold, straightforward and full of life. Interesting. The music of "Errentai" has the characteristics of the northwest people's passionate, bold, rough and strong character. The melody is ups and downs, euphemistic and colorful, with a wide range of sounds, beautiful and pleasant, and rich in local characteristics and earthy flavor. Due to the remote geographical location and inconvenient transportation, the two-person stage is popular, which brings many difficulties to the excavation, arrangement and protection work. With the death of old artists, many repertoire and plays are on the verge of being lost and are in urgent need of rescue and protection. Yulin Hengshan Lao Yao Drum

The Hengshan Lao Yao Drum appeared on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala twice in 1998 and 2016.

Hengshan waist drum is widely spread in towns and villages in Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province. It is the most popular form of Han folk dance that is loved by local people and is deeply loved by people in northern Shaanxi. It is known as the "authentic nest of waist drum" Good name. Waist drum is usually performed in the yangko team, but there are also solo performances. The traditional waist drum is only played by men. After the 1960s, women can also play, but the movement style is different from that of men. Hengshan Laoyaogu must be played during festivals and must be danced during festivals. The old waist drum of Hengshan in northern Shaanxi is widely spread in Hengshan. The specific age of its creation has not yet been recorded in detail in historical records. According to the investigation of the Hengshan Cultural Center and the text evidence of some temple stone tablets, it is speculated that it can be traced back to at least the mid-Ming Dynasty. Hengshan waist drum embodies the simple emotions of the working people of the Han nationality and expresses their longing for a better future with its unique artistic thinking and strong flavor of life.

Suide Stone Carving

Suide stone carving craft is a traditional handicraft of the Han nationality in Suide County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province. There are many types and different uses. According to survey statistics, they can be divided into seven categories according to different uses. Its exquisite firing skills and immortal artistic value fully reflect the outstanding talents and artistic creativity of the ancient Han working people. Due to its special geographical location, the Yulin area is greatly influenced by the culture of Shanxi and Beijing and Tianjin. The degree of civilization is obviously higher than that of adjacent areas. Within Yulin, historically the six counties in the south were more developed than the six counties in the north. The earliest government-run school in Yulin, Confucianism, was founded in Suide in the early Tang Dynasty, while Confucianism in Jing, Ding and Heng were founded later. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, as the military and political center of Yansui moved northward, Yulin's education gradually developed. During the Republic of China, Du Bincheng founded Yulin Middle School.

After 1949, education in Yulin has generally gone through three stages: 17 years of fruitful results (1949-1965), 10 years of "Cultural Revolution" (1966-1976) that suffered major damage, correcting chaos and reform and improvement. 12 years (1977~1989). By 1989, there were 6,130 schools of all levels and types in Yulin ***, including 5,893 primary schools, 179 junior high schools, 26 high schools, 14 agricultural vocational middle schools, 1 technical school, 8 technical secondary schools, 2 junior colleges, and adult schools. There are 4 schools and 3 adult colleges and universities, with 405,140 students and 28,775 employees, including 24,727 full-time teachers.

As of the end of 2012, there were 1,348 schools of various types in Yulin ***, including 2 colleges and universities, 8 secondary vocational schools, 217 general middle schools, 21 vocational middle schools, and 549 primary schools. , 542 kindergartens and 9 special education schools. A total of 177,327 students have been enrolled in various schools at all levels in the city, 187,026 have graduated, and the number of students in school is 576,705. Among the students in school, there are 218,110 in primary schools, 107,615 in junior high schools, 87,368 in high schools, 35,718 in vocational schools (higher vocational schools), and 553 in special education. There are 38,766 full-time teachers and 597 substitute teachers in schools of all levels and types. The primary school and junior high school enrollment rates are 99.8% and 99.7% respectively.