Filial piety moves heaven’s pure Xiao Ganjun

(Filial piety means to take care of your parents when you are blessed)

Uncle Ying Xiao from the Zhou Dynasty was a native of the Zheng State in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was extremely filial to his mother throughout his life. Whenever there is something delicious at home, my mother must eat it first.

At that time, Duke Zhuang, the monarch of the Zheng Kingdom, was very sad because his mother and his brother Uncle Duan rebelled. After the rebellion was suppressed, he had Uncle Duan thrown into a prison, while the Queen Mother was exiled to Chengying and swore to " We will never see each other again until we go underground."

One day, Duke Zhuang invited Uncle Xiao to be a guest, but Uncle Xiao refused to eat the bowl of delicious meat in front of him. Zhuang Gong felt strange and asked why. Uncle Xiao said that when he looked at the delicious meat, he thought of his mother at home. Her mother had never eaten such delicious meat, so she did not dare to eat it, and hoped that Zhuang Gong could put the meat away. Give it to your mother to eat.

When Zhuang Gong heard these words, he suddenly seemed silent and sad. Upon seeing this, Uncle Xiao asked what was going on, and Duke Zhuang told Uncle Xiao how his mother and brother had rebelled, and how they had sworn to "never go underground and never see each other again."

Uncle Xiao thought for a while and then pointed out: "As long as we dig a tunnel, wouldn't it be enough to meet in the tunnel?" Duke Zhuang immediately agreed and sent someone to deal with it. As a result, Duke Zhuang met in the tunnel. He met his mother and reconciled as before. The filial uncle not only performed filial piety himself, but also moved the king to be filial to his mother. Later generations called him "pure filial piety". (We not only need to practice filial piety, but also encourage others to do filial piety)

Confucius’s name was Qiu, and his courtesy name was Zhongni. He was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Zhou Dynasty. His father, Shu Liang He, was a well-educated scholar, and his mother, Yan Zheng, was an uncle. Liang He's second wife.

When Confucius was three years old, his father unfortunately passed away and he was raised by his mother, Yan. Zhongni was extremely intelligent since he was a child, and he was extremely filial to his mother.

For Zhongni’s future, Yan specially invited famous scholars at that time to teach Zhongni. Under the guidance of his mother, Master Yan, Zhongni read all the books at that time. Moreover, he constantly pays attention to and strives for improvement in his own academic and moral cultivation. So when he was young, he was already somewhat famous.

Later, Confucius taught in the State of Lu and preached the way of benevolence. There were as many as 3,000 students from all walks of life, and 72 of them had special achievements. He teaches students more by example than words, and provides different education methods according to each person's aptitude. And they often teach students that "if you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand up". In addition, Confucius was also engaged in writing work to spread the great spirit of benevolence. (Filial piety has no distinction between old and young, and there is no end time.)

Lao Laizi was a native of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period of the Zhou Dynasty. He had been very filial since he was a child. When he was seventy years old, The two elders are still alive. But when the two elders saw their son getting older, they felt sad that their days were numbered. When Lao Laizi saw this, he thought of a way. He dressed up like a child and jumped in front of his parents, laughing and making playful movements like children. When the two elders saw their son's funny actions, they laughed happily and forgot all their worries and worries! From then on, Lao Laizi never mentioned the word "old" in front of his parents, and often pretended to be a child, so that the two parents could have a happy old age. Yushun, that is, Shun, had a surname of Yao. One theory is that it was guī. He had the Yu surname and his given name was Chonghua. It is said that when Yao chose his successor in his old age, the "Four Mountains", or the tribal leaders from all over the world, elected Shun. Yao inspected Shun strictly for three years and then appointed him as regent. Shun patrolled the four directions and destroyed Gun, Huanggong, Hudou and Sanmiao. After eight years of regency, Yao died and Shun succeeded him. Later, he consulted the four mountains to select wise men to manage the civil affairs, and selected Dayu, who had made great achievements in flood control, as his successor.

Legend has it that Shun’s biological mother died young and his father was a blind man. After marrying his second wife, he rejected Shun, the son of his first wife. "罽" (gǔ) means blind. "獍" (sǒu) means there are no pupils in the eyes. Shun was extremely filial by nature, and he practiced filial piety to the extreme. His father is very naughty, and it is really wonderful to use the word "naughty" to describe his character. "Shuowen": "Wán, (wán) head." "Wán" refers to a lump of wood that is difficult to split. You can imagine how stubborn, obstinate, stupid and ignorant his father was.

His stepmother is very loud, and the word "xiao" is also expressive. "Shuowen": "Xiao means sound. The anger comes out of the head." "Duan Note": "When the sound comes out, the anger will follow.

"You can also imagine how his stepmother was acting wild, unruly, and unreasonably noisy.

His younger brother was born to his stepmother, his name is Xiang, and he has a very arrogant temperament. "Shuowen": "Ao. , Arrogant. "The word "arrogance" also fully reveals his brother's arrogance and arrogance.

Shun lived in such a family. His parents and his brother did not treat him well, and even "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the Five Emperors": "Shun's father Gusou was blind, and Shun's mother died. Gusou married a wife and gave birth to Xiang, Xiang Ao. Gusou loved his stepmother and often wanted to kill Shun, but Shun escaped. If he made a minor mistake, he would suffer the consequences. He obeyed his father, stepmother, and younger brother, and he was diligent and conscientious every day, so there was no solution. "Shun's father Gusou is stubborn, his mother is arrogant, and his younger brother Xiang is proud. They all want to kill Shun." Shun was obedient and did not lose his sonship. His brothers were filial and kind. He wanted to kill him, but he could not get him. When Shun was twenty years old, he heard of his filial piety. "

The two legendary events recorded in "Historical Records" can show the hardship, danger and filial piety of Shun's life. When Shun was elected by the Four Mountains, Yao also married his two daughters to Shun, and He gave Shun a warehouse, cattle, sheep and many other properties. However, Shun's parents and younger brother wanted to frame him. Once, Gusou wanted to kill Shun again, so he asked Shun to climb up to a high place and smear the barn. Gusou set fire to the barn below, hoping to burn his son to death. But Shun was very alert and protected himself with two bamboo hats. He spread his wings like a bird and jumped down gently, and escaped from the fire without being burned.

Later, Gusou wanted to kill Shun again and asked Shun to dig a well. Shun was defensive, so he dug a secret tunnel to get out from the side of the well. Gusou and Xiang poured earth to fill the well, hoping to bury Shun alive. However, Shun cleverly escaped from the danger.

Gusou and Xiang were very happy. , thinking that Shun was dead, so Xiang said: "I was the one who came up with this idea first. "So in the next division of the family, Xiang asked for Shun's qin and his two wives, Yao's two daughters. He lived in the place where Shun lived and still played the qin.

Unexpectedly, Shun suddenly came back. Xiang was shocked and pretended to say: "I am missing you Shun, I am so sad!" But Shun said: "Of course, you are a common man!" "Yes, the friendship between you and my brother can be said to be very deep!

"Historical Records": "Shun returned to power and Gusou loved his younger brother Mijin. So Yao tried Shun's five canons and hundreds of officials, and governed them all. "Shun reached the state of "utmost filial piety". The description of that kind of mind is very touching, and of course it also moved Yao. This was also an important basis for choosing him as his successor.

This kind of "utmost filial piety" is also very touching. A kind of "response" of filial piety between heaven and earth was achieved, and many touching scenes appeared. Because of Shun's "extreme filial piety", elephants and birds actually responded to filial piety. So when he was working in Lishan, the elephant came. Help him cultivate the land, and the birds help him sow the fields. How could Xiaoxing's feelings reach such an extent? There are different opinions. It is said in history that Yushun established his capital in Puban, which is south of today's Yongji City. It is the name of the mountain, also known as Shoulei Mountain, which is located in the southeast of Yongji City, Shanxi Province. However, there are also legends that Lishan Mountain is located in the south of Jinan, Shandong Province, which is the area around Qianfo Mountain today. There are also mountains in Henan, Hebei, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan and other provinces. Dadu Fuhui cultivated the site for Shun.

Shun made pottery by the Yellow River, and the quality of the utensils he made was very good. "窳" means good quality. When he went fishing in Leize, he would not lose his way even if he encountered strong winds and thunderstorms. "Leize" is the name of Guze, also known as Leishui. It is located in the south of today's Yongji City, or it is Leishui. Xia Ze, in the northeast of present-day Heze City, Shandong Province.

Shun was extremely filial to his parents. "Although he tried his best, he had no resentment." However, there was no resentment. "怼" (duì) means resentment. Emperor Yao heard about Shun's filial piety and "made him the chief minister" and put him in charge of national affairs. "怆" (kuí) means management. Emperor Yao also asked his nine sons to serve him and marry his daughters; the legendary Ehuang and Nvying were Yao's two daughters. Emperor Yao was named Fangxun and was known as Tang Yao in history. He once appointed officials to take charge of seasonal affairs and establish calendars. He reigned for ninety-eight years.

After Shun became emperor, he still fulfilled his filial piety. He carried the emperor's banner to visit his relative Gusou, fulfilled his son's filial piety, and also made his younger brother Xiang a prince. This shows that the status has changed, but the past grudges are not forgotten, the old evils are not remembered, and the way of filial piety and brotherhood is still done. In the thirty-ninth year of his reign, Shun went on a hunting tour in the south. He died in the wilderness of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, which is called Lingling. This mountain is located in the south of Ningyuan County, Hunan Province today.

The first chapter of "Twenty-Four Filial Piety" arranges the story of Yu Shun, which is very meaningful: in terms of era, it has a long history. Yu Shun was a figure in the era of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors"; They are Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao and Yushun. The second is that it is authoritative in terms of the character's status. Third, in terms of impact, it is widespread. Fourth, taken together, it is the most exemplary.

Looking at it from the perspective of "The Classic of Filial Piety", it echoes what Confucius said in "The First Chapter of Kai Zong Ming Yi" that "the former kings had the most virtuous principles to obey the world, the people were harmonious, and there was no resentment between superiors and inferiors." , "Filial piety to husband is the foundation of virtue and the source of teaching." Shun was such a late king. He had the "most important virtues" of "ultimate filial piety" and became a model for emperors. Of course, this story also echoes "Induction Chapter 16": "The ultimate filial piety and brotherhood are connected to the gods, and the light shines in the world, and is omnipotent."

Looking at it from a modern perspective, regardless of the medieval story Some things from people's primitive thinking, and extracting its reasonable core, there are three points to be said: First, how to perform filial piety in various discordant families? That is to learn to endure, restrain, and tolerate, and use your sincerity to touch your family. Second, filial piety is by no means "foolish filial piety". Shun's various tact and wisdom in escaping are the smart filial piety in "the ultimate filial piety", not the stupid filial piety. Third, filial piety was also a necessary condition when selecting talents in ancient times. Filial piety was a necessary condition for Shun to be elected as Yao's successor. What inspiration does this have for today’s people? Fourth, the levels of filial piety are: filial piety - ability to be filial - filial piety - not foolish filial piety - ultimate filial piety. Shun showed everyone the ancient model of "utmost filial piety".

Shun's lack of resentment towards his family's evil intentions embodies a spirit of "forgiveness" and "forbearance", so he "endures what others cannot tolerate" and ultimately "what adults cannot achieve" of life wisdom.