What's the name of the hotel in the Northern Song Dynasty?

There are countless restaurants in Song Dynasty, which can be roughly divided into four categories. First, city hotels without the right to make wine were generally called "foot shops" in the Northern Song Dynasty. The wine sold in the foot shop can't be brewed by itself, but should be wholesale to the government's wine service or the main shops with the right to make wine. In the Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival, there is a "Wanchi Store" near Hongqiao outside the city ("Wanchi" is also synonymous with fine wine), and the tall "Colorful Building Huanmen" is particularly eye-catching. Although it is a foot shop, its style is not low.

The second is "punctuality", that is, a luxury hotel that has obtained a liquor license. In the Song Dynasty, there were shops specializing in brewing in Tokyo (Bianliang), Xijing (Luoyang), Nanjing (now Shangqiu) and Beijing (Daming House). Punctual not only runs its own restaurant, but also wholesales finished wine to foot shops and wine households. The "Sun Yang Store" on the Riverside Map in Qingming Festival is a real store. Please pay attention to the sidewalk to the right of the door. A lot of barrels were piled up, which should be the wholesale wine of Sun Yang store.

Among the 72 shops in Tokyo, Fan Lou is the most famous, and many love stories recorded in the Song Dynasty scripts took place in Fan Lou. Fan Lou is also known as Fengle Building and Alum Building. "Three stories high, the opposite is the fifth floor. Each has a flying bridge sill, and the light and shadow are connected. Pearl curtain embroidery, lights and candles. " Because the Alum Building is very high, you can climb to the top floor to "overlook the Forbidden City" and see the inside of the palace. This is probably something that has never happened before. Fan Lou is also very big. According to Qidong Beware of Wild Words, Fan Lou is "one of the wineries in Beijing, with more than 1,000 drinkers" and can receive more than 1,000 guests. A poem said, "I remember how happy I was when I was a teenager, and I arrived in Fan Lou overnight." As we all know, this Fan Lou is open all night.

After the Southern Song crossing, the Song people rebuilt a Fan Lou near the West Lake, officially named Fengle Building, which is the most beautiful restaurant in Hangzhou. "According to the meeting of the West Lake, a chain of thousands of peaks, the Liuting Flower Dock is between the pillars, and the songs on the boat and the embankment are often downstairs, which is a good place to visit."

The third is the rural winery that has obtained the franchise of brewing. The profits of these wineries are relatively thin, and the Song government generally did not include them in the scope of "monopoly wine", allowing them to make their own koji and sell their own wine. There is a poem in the Water Margin that says: "The restaurant next to the village has been obliquely inserted on the Sangma ancient road for many years. White benches are for guests, and fences must be made of thorns. Broken urn pressed into yellow wine, Chai Men picked out the curtain. What is even more ridiculous is that the cow dung mud wall painted Brewmaster. " It's this country bar. Such a small restaurant can also be found in some Song paintings, such as the Shandian wind curtain of the Palace Museum in Beijing.

The fourth is the affiliated hotel of the wine warehouse. Winehouses were a large number of state-run wineries in the Southern Song Dynasty, and their natural purpose was to earn rich liquor profits. Many wineries have restaurants under them, such as Taihe Building in East Lin 'an, West Building in West Lin 'an, Lehe Building in South Lin 'an, Fengchun Building in Central Lin 'an, Hefeng Building in South Lin 'an, Chunrong Building in North Lin 'an and Qiantang Pioneer Building. "Interesting Map of West Lake" depicts the main reservoir of Qiantang, a first-come-first-served building.

The most luxurious wine cellar affiliated hotel in Southern Song Dynasty is probably Taihe Building in Hangzhou. A poem on the Wall by a Song Dynasty poet describes: "There are 300 restaurants in Taihe, and the sound of big troughs gurgles day and night. A thousand people carry a thousand cans, and the wine is as bad as the sea. ..... The emperor's spring scenery is full of Qiantang, and Su Xiaodeng's wine is twice as fragrant. There are 3,000 seats, followed by twelve rows of golden hairpin. " This Taihe Tower has 300 boxes and can receive 3,000 VIP guests every day, which is big enough to throw today's five-star hotel a few blocks away. Taihe Building also employs many beautiful geisha to entertain guests. The lobby manager selling wine is a beautiful geisha (Xiao Su) who "drinks before people get drunk".

Although official enterprise was the winery in the Southern Song Dynasty, its operation was completely market-oriented, and there was also market competition for the wines brewed by various wineries. Whenever new wine comes out, wine shops will make a big splash: hang a long advertisement with a long pole, and write the advertising words such as "A certain store selects famous winemakers to brew the first-class wine with extremely high spicy taste, which is the first in the class"; There are also "pre-announcement, official and private prostitutes, Xinli makeup, and employment of clubs and teams to drum music", similar to today's companies asking entertainment stars to endorse products. In short, it is necessary to start the brand and attract more restaurants to wholesale the wine produced by his family.

Whether it is a government-run hotel or a private restaurant, as long as it is of high grade, there are geisha to welcome guests. Tokyo's grand restaurant, "entering its door, is already the main corridor of about a hundred paces. The north and south patios are all small pavilions (boxes). At dusk, the lights are brightly lit, and hundreds of prostitutes with heavy makeup gather on the main corridor to wait for the call of drinkers, which looks like immortals." As long as the guests pay, they can invite prostitutes to accompany the wine. So do hotels in Hangzhou. "There are officials and famous prostitutes, so they try to sell wine in the library. Talented people in this county want to buy laughter, so they go to the library to' point flowers' and choose what they want. " The Metropolitan Museum has a picture of Lv Dongbin crossing Yueyang Tower, which was anonymous by Song Dynasty. Yueyang Tower in the picture is a mansion.

At the entrance of the hotel, those women dressed in red and green should be geisha (5) welcoming guests, and a few geisha can be vaguely seen upstairs to accompany the wine.

High-end restaurants all use precious silverware, giving guests very distinguished treatment. In Bianjing, "the average person is extravagant in customs and measures a little wider. In any hotel, no matter who it is, only two people sit and drink, and they must also use a pair of bowls, two auxiliary dishes, five fruits and vegetables, and three or five bowls of water vegetables, which is nearly a hundred taels of silver. " Although one person drinks alone, the bowl also uses silver spoons and the like. "In Lin 'an, there are more than ten small cabinets in the restaurant, and the wine vessels are made of silver to compete for expensive gas". Two people buy 52 yuan of wine, two silver lamps and several dishes.

The service is also very thoughtful. As soon as the guests stepped into the hotel, a waiter greeted them to write dishes. Order whatever you want. "Anyone who drinks wine and soup can ask for it at will, although ten guests have their own desires, they may as well"; Hotel chefs must "memorize hundreds of products (recipes) and pass them on effortlessly, that is, make supplies without making mistakes"; If the service is poor and customers complain, they will be scolded by the store, or their wages will be deducted and fired. "If there is a mistake, the host of the guest will be scolded, or fined, or even scolded."

The degree of development of wine industry is precisely the symbol of whether business is prosperous and life is free in an era. The reason is that wine is an unnecessary consumer product made of grain. If the productivity is low and the economy is backward, people will not waste food to brew commercial wine, and naturally there will be no developed wine industry. Wine is also a kind of drink that can release passion and create excitement after drinking. It is easy for people to make a slip of the tongue after drinking. If the state controls society more strictly, it will tend to ban alcohol, or citizens will consciously dare not drink together.

This can be verified by history. For example, in the early Ming Dynasty, the social atmosphere was lifeless. "There are no hotels and no homeless people in the village." Tan Qian, a historian at the end of the Ming Dynasty, said: "Listen to the explanation that the country strictly controlled at the beginning, and there was no group wine at night, and there was no night trip in the village. Every time I drink, I will talk about it in detail. I need to guard it. That is, my city is full of five places, reaching more than 6,000 people, which is really awe-inspiring. " Since drinking has become a high-risk thing, it is no wonder that "there are no wine shops in the countryside."

It was not until the middle and late Ming Dynasty that with the relaxation of the "Hongwu-style system", the Ming society gradually became active and commerce resumed prosperity in the Song Dynasty. This turning point is also reflected in the changes in restaurants. Nostalgia in the late Ming Dynasty said that after the middle period of Jiajing, the people "took feasting as an enlightened ceremony, taking rare dishes and colorful as a grand ceremony", and "restaurants and tea shops have different tunes, and new voices are everywhere, immersed in them, and they are devastated". The weather in the late Ming Dynasty, characterized by "wine and tea shops, different tunes and new sounds", was a common sight in the Song Dynasty for more than 300 years. Many Song poems describe the situation that "the villages of Song people are full of mud and mash", which is obviously different from the villages in the early Ming Dynasty, where there are no restaurants and no vagrants.