Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Hotel accommodation - Wugang Iron Ore Field ()
Wugang Iron Ore Field ()
All deposits in Wugang iron ore field occur in Archean Taihua Group, including two ore-bearing horizons, two deposit types and four metallogenic groups.
One ore-bearing stratum is Zhao An Zhuang Formation in the lower part of Taihua Group, and the deposit type is metamorphic apatite-titanomagnetite deposit in ultrabasic rocks (Zhao An Zhuang type). The ore-bearing ultrabasic rocks of this type of deposit intrude into the gneiss of Zhao An Zhuang Formation by discoid bedding, and the ore body is layered or lenticular, with a length of 200-1570m and a width of 200-450m. The thickness of recoverable ore body is 8 1 m, and the shape of ore body is basically the same as that of ultrabasic rock body. It is divided into two ore groups, A and B. Group A has small deposits such as Cao Xia, Yuzhuang and Miao Zhuang. Group B consists of two medium-sized deposits, Zhao An Zhuang and Wangdaohang, and two small-sized deposits, such as Lianggang. The ore types are serpentine magnetite, apatite magnetite, amphibole magnetite and dolomite magnetite. The ore grade is TFE 35%-44%, SFE 34.5%-44%-44% and SiO 29.8%- 19.5%. Associated with phosphorus, titanium, vanadium, uranium, thorium, cobalt, sulfur and rare earth elements. Among them, phosphorus is mainly apatite, and uranium and thorium mainly exist in the form of Shi Ying. The beneficiation test shows that the ore has good beneficiation performance, the recovery rate is 89%-94%, the concentrate grade is 60%-64%, and the vanadium content in the iron concentrate is rich, but the harmful elements such as sulfur and phosphorus are all reduced below 0. 1%. This kind of deposit has a large buried depth, mostly below 200 meters, which requires shaft mining and complicated hydrogeological conditions.
The other ore-bearing layer is Tieshanmiao Formation in the upper part of Taihua Group, and the deposit type is volcanic sedimentary metamorphic iron ore (Anshan-type iron ore). This kind of deposit has more than 20 minable coal seams, which are layered and relatively stable. The ore body is 200-2000m long and 200-900m wide with an average thickness of1.08-26.54m.. The most stable coal seam is about 6.5 meters thick. It is divided into two ore groups, C and D. Group C includes Jingshansi large-scale iron ore, Zhuang and Shangmiao medium-sized iron ore and Gangmiao Liu, Yaozhuang and small-scale deposits. Group D includes Tieshan large deposit, Tieshan No.2 open pit mine and Shimenkuo medium deposit. The types of ores are timely pyroxene magnetite, pyroxene magnetite, dolomite pyroxene magnetite, almandine pyroxene magnetite and pseudohematite. The ore grade is TFE 25%-29%, SFE 20%-24% and SiO 243.7%-45.7%. These are all lean ores to be selected. The mineral processing test results are good, the recovery rate is generally greater than 80%, and the concentrate grade is 55%-60%, which can be used in industry.
Wugang iron ore field has a long mining history. "The Warring States Policy" records: "The swords, spears and halberds of the Han people all came from Mingshan, Tanglang, Yang Mo, Hejing, Deng Shi, Feng Wan, Long Yuan and Daa." . At that time, South Korea produced a large number of halberds with good quality, and the iron smelting weapon base was located in today's Xiping County Hotel Township and Wugang City. Tang Yi, He Jing, Long Yuan and other places where weapons are made are all in Wugang City and its peripheral areas. Eight iron smelting sites were discovered in Xiping Hotel Township and Wugang City, which are the most densely discovered places in China. The iron ore used in these iron smelters is the ore of various deposits in Wugang Iron Mine. During the Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, iron officials were set up in Wugang area to manage ironmaking. "New Tang Book Geography" contains: "Xuzhou Wuyang has iron". "Taiping Universe" recorded in detail the location of iron smelting in Wugang City, "Iron smelting in Wuyang County is thirty miles southwest of the county", which is consistent with the location of Tieshan No.2 open pit mine. At present, the mine still has the names of Tieshan Temple and Tiegukeng. Iron mines in this area were mined intermittently during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but no one exploited them from the late Qing Dynasty to the mid-1950s, and the modern geological survey did not involve iron ore fields.
After the founding of New China, it will be an important task for the geological department to find iron ore resources in the Central Plains during the First Five-Year Plan period. During the period of 1955, the students of Northeast Geological College who were practicing in Team 46/kloc-0 of Central South Geological Bureau passed by Tieshan while making the route geological map, and conducted reconnaissance for half a day. When they returned to the team, they reported that there were clues to iron-bearing quartzite. At the beginning of 1956, the Northern Brigade of Geophysical Exploration Bureau of the Ministry of Geology/team kloc-0/03 carried out 1∶65438+ million aeromagnetic survey in Henan, and found magnetic anomalies in Tieshan, Jingshan Temple and Zhao An Zhuang areas. From April to May, 1956, Zhang Shaoceng and others of Tongbaishan Iron Mine Survey Team of Central South Geological Bureau made an investigation on Tieshanmiao mine site based on geophysical aeromagnetic data and iron ore clues provided by internship students of Northeast Geological College. After preliminary investigation, I thought there might be hope to find iron ore, so I asked Zhou Shengsheng from Central South Geological Bureau to guide me. After investigating and studying the data together, Zhou Shengsheng and Zhang Shaoceng agreed that it has great economic value. In May, Zhou Shengsheng was responsible for compiling the inspection report of Tieshanmiao Iron Mine. In August, Zhang Shaoceng was responsible for compiling the investigation report of Tieshan Temple-Jingshan Temple mining area. These two reports are the first batch of official geological data of Wugang iron ore field.
In view of the huge prospect of iron ore in this area, Tongbaishan Iron Mine Investigation Team moved its headquarters to Wuyang at the end of 1956, and renamed it Wuyang Iron Mine Team (later renamed Wuyang Geological Team), specializing in iron ore investigation and exploration in this area, with Tieshan Iron Mine as the main target. 1February, 958, Chu Xinchun and others submitted the geological report of Wuyang Iron Mine, and submitted the prospective industrial reserve of Tieshan Iron Mine with 65,438+27 million tons and the prospective reserve of Jingshansi Iron Mine with 30 million tons. Although the geological work reflected in this report is not high, it is the first report on the reserves of this ore field and shows that Tieshan is a large iron deposit. At the same time, 107 aerial survey team and 103 aerial survey team cooperated with Wuyang geological team to study the magnetic anomalies in the ore field by surface magnetic method, electrical method and gravity exploration.
After submitting the geological report of Wuyang Iron Mine, Wuyang Geological Team transferred to Dabie Mountain and changed its name to Dabie Mountain Comprehensive Geological Team.
From 1959, Team Yu 06 of Henan Geological Bureau entered Wuyang, and the team headquarters was located in Wangdaoxing Village, Batai Township, wugang city. A preliminary investigation was made on Tieshan, Jingshansi and Shimenkuo iron mines, and the ore technological conditions of Tieshan deposit were tested. Since 1960, Cao Xia and Zhao An Zhuang have been selected by the Geological Bureau of Henan Province as comprehensive tests of geological geophysical methods, and the geophysical team has carried out fine measurement of magnetic anomalies by gravity-magnetoelectric method, and the Yu 06 team has carried out drilling verification. At first, rich ore was found in Cao Xia anomaly, and then in Zhao An Zhuang borehole. It is seen that the borehole of ore is logged by the geophysical team, and the geophysical exploration and geological cooperation have achieved good results. In the same year, the preliminary exploration of Tieshan and Jingshansi mining areas ended. At that time, due to the low grade of ore, the work was not continued and a preliminary exploration report was submitted. Since 196 1, on the basis of drilling verification, Team Yu 06 has carried out general survey and exploration in Zhao An Zhuang, Cao Xia, Hanxiaozhuang, Yuzhuang, Lianggang, Gangmiaoliu, Yaozhuang, Lu Qian and Miao Zhuang, and drilled nearly 20 drilling rigs. By 1962, the geological team of Henan Province was greatly reduced, and Zhao An Zhuang and other iron mines could not be used temporarily because of their deep burial, so it was decided to temporarily stop exploration, while the Yu 06 team was cancelled and merged into the hydrological team. After sorting out the iron ore exploration data, Zhang et al. compiled and submitted the geological exploration report of Batai magnetic anomaly area in Wuyang Iron Mine in 1963. With the approval of the Provincial Reserve Committee, it is approved that the Gangmiao Liu mining area is at the level of initial exploration, while the Zhao An Zhuang, Cao Xia, Hanxiaozhuang, Yuzhuang, Lianggang, Yaozhuang, Lu Qian and Miao Zhuang mining areas are at the level of detailed investigation. After the work of Team 06, the general appearance of Wugang iron ore field has been basically clear.
After several years of interruption in the exploration of iron ore field in Wugang, Henan Geological Bureau ordered 1965 the newly formed 19th team to go to Wuyang to make a detailed survey of several major iron ore deposits. After the 19 team arrived in Wuyang, the Zhao An Zhuang deposit was first investigated in detail, and the Wangdaohang deposit was discovered in the same year. 1967, the exploration of Zhao An Zhuang has basically ended. 1970, the detailed investigation of Wangdaohang deposit was basically completed. So far, the iron ore reserves in these two mining areas have been controlled, but there is no good evaluation of more complex hydrogeological conditions, more complex mineral components and a variety of associated minerals. During 1970, the main force of the 19th team went to Tieshan and Jingshan Temple for detailed investigation. Hubei Geological Research Institute began to systematically study the material composition, occurrence state of useful minerals, genesis and metallogenic regularity of the deposit, which played an important role in improving the geological research level of the deposit and comprehensively evaluating this type of deposit. 197 1 year, 19 team changed its name to Geological Team 9, and submitted the detailed investigation report of Tieshan deposit, with proven reserves of about 200 million tons. 1972 submitted the detailed investigation report of Jingshansi deposit, with proven reserves1800,000 tons.
Since 1972, the team site of Geological Team 9 has been moved from Wuyang to Xuchang, and a team has been set up to continue to be responsible for iron ore exploration. At the beginning of 1973, the whole organizational system of Team 1 was placed under the Metallurgical Bureau and changed to the Fourth Geological Team (Metallurgical Team 4) of Metallurgical Geological Exploration Company. After the establishment of Metallurgical Team No.4, on the one hand, supplementary exploration was carried out in Ertie Open-pit Mine, on the other hand, the working level was improved in the first mining area designed for Zhao An Zhuang and Wangdaoxing deposits, and the associated components were further studied. 1974 submitted the supplementary exploration report of No.2 open-pit mine of railway, with proven reserves of 44 million tons. With the cooperation of Guangdong Geological Bureau, the research on associated components was carried out, which effectively solved the extraction methods of associated minerals such as uranium, thorium and titanium, and also explored the preparation of calcium magnesium phosphate from phosphorus concentrate and tailings. 1976 Submit the comprehensive exploration geological report of Zhao An Zhuang and Wangdaohang. The report not only recalculates the iron ore reserves, but also evaluates and calculates the associated minerals such as phosphorus, uranium, thorium, vanadium, cobalt and light rare earth. Zhao An Zhuang iron mine reserves are 65 million tons, and Wangdaohang iron mine reserves are 365.438+0 million tons. Associated phosphorus is 48.08 million tons (iron tailings, about P2O53%), titanium is 6.5438+0.000 tons, uranium is 93 tons, thorium is nearly 6.5438+0.400 tons, vanadium (V2O5) is 6.5438+0.000 tons, cobalt is 53,000 tons, and rare earth element is 47,000 tons. The product can reach super-grade calcium. At this point, the detailed exploration of Tieshan, Tieshan No.2 open pit mine, Jingshan Temple, Zhao An Zhuang, Wangdaohang and other major ore deposits in Wugang iron ore field has been completed, and the proven available reserves are 583 million tons. Among them, industrial reserve has 340 million tons, which is the largest iron ore field in Henan Province.
During the period of 1958- 1960, more than 500,000 tons of stone were mined by Zengmin. Wuyang iron and steel plant has been carrying out small-scale mining in No.2 open pit mine since 196 1. 1970 An extra-thick steel plate factory has been built in this area. 197 1 year carried out large-scale design and infrastructure construction for No.2 open pit mine, Zhao An Zhuang mine and Wangdaokeng mine. The design annual output of Ertie open-pit mine is 2 million tons of ore, and the open-pit stripping project began. The designed annual output of Zhao An Zhuang and Wangdaohang mines is 6.5438+500,000 tons of ore, and shaft excavation is carried out. 1973 set up Wuyang work area office, 1977 changed to Wugang area. By 1979, the stripping amount of No.2 open-pit mine of Railway has reached1700,000 cubic meters, and five shafts have been dug in Zhao An Zhuang and Wangdaoxing. Three of them have fallen to the bottom of the valley, and the excavation footage is 7777.5 meters, which is equivalent to about one-third of the completed infrastructure work. At this time, the relevant departments decided to postpone the construction of these deposits, because they have low grade, complex mineral processing and deep burial, and the economic benefits of large-scale development are not ideal. By 1985, No.2 open pit mine was placed under Anyang Iron and Steel Company, and construction resumed again, mining a small amount of ore. In 199 1 year, 188000 tons of stones are mined every year.
1990, Wugang District was changed to Wugang City. This is mainly due to the rapid development of Wuyang Iron and Steel Company, which mainly produces thick steel plates. Wugang was built in this area because there are large iron mines here. But after the completion, the ore in this area was not used, and the mine here was delayed. Throughout the discovery, exploration and infrastructure construction of Wugang iron ore field, the work has been fruitful and can be used on a large scale in the future. However, in the process of ore field exploration and mine capital construction, there are some phenomena that do not pay attention to technical and economic evaluation, benefit and workload blindly, resulting in considerable waste. This is a lesson to be learned.
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