What are the five major archaeological discoveries in China in recent years?

In fact, there are still many archaeological discoveries in recent years, and only the following cases are listed:

20 10 New discovery in ancient and modern times: "Nan 'ao 1" Ming Dynasty shipwreck;

"Nan 'ao No.1" is a Ming Dynasty shipwreck in China's coastal areas after formal archaeological investigation and excavation. It provides detailed and reliable empirical materials for solving many academic problems such as China's overseas trade, navigation and porcelain making, and provides new materials and clues for studying China's economic research in the Ming Dynasty. Taking ceramics as an example, a large number of Zhangzhou kiln products in the shipwreck are very distinctive. Due to the nature of Zhangzhou kiln, there are few artifacts handed down and unearthed in China at present, and most of the kiln site excavations are remnants; The excavation not only provided a very rich variety of finished products, but also filled the information gaps of16-17th century, such as the changes in China's overseas trade policy and the changes in the economic structure of the southeast coast.

20 1 1 Archaeological discovery: Paleolithic site of Granny Temple in Zhengzhou, Henan Province;

Grandma Temple Site is located in Yingtaogou Scenic Area in the southwest suburb of Zhengzhou City, Houzhai Township, Erqi District. More than 3,000 stone products,12,000 animal bones and fragments, more than 20 fire ruins, and multi-layered and continuously distributed ancient human settlements were discovered within the excavation scope of 50 square meters. This new discovery clearly shows the details of human continuous living in the central camp at that time, and also excavates a series of cultural relics closely related to modern people's behavior. The discovery of the old grandmother temple site further connects a large number of Paleolithic sites investigated and excavated at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain in recent years. These sites include temporary activity sites, long-term living center camps, special stone processing sites, and special activity sites where stone piles and elephant skulls are placed. Its distribution is obviously grouped together, forming a number of stations with the basic camp as the center and various temporary activities distributed radially. The sites are distributed along the banks of the ancient river and have their own relatively independent activities. The new discovery clearly proves that as early as 30,000-50,000 years ago, there was a prosperous Paleolithic culture and complex living form in the Central Plains.

20 12 archaeological discovery: the site of the Buddhist temple on the western hillside of the imperial city of Beijing, Liaoshang, Inner Mongolia;

Located in the southeast of Lindong Town, Balinzuoqi, Inner Mongolia, the site of Shangjingcheng, Liaoning Province, consists of Imperial City (north) and Seoul (south), with a slightly "Japanese" shape on the plane. The western hillside is a natural highland in the southwest of Shangjing Imperial City, and it is also the commanding height of the whole city. There are also three groups of dongjian bases. Among them, there are three frustum-shaped building bases with high ground preservation, numbered YT 1, YT2 and YT3.

According to the shape and unearthed relics, YT 1 should be the base site of a hexagonal Buddhist building with a brick-wood mixed structure. Founded in Liao Dynasty, it was built on a large scale at least twice, and gradually abandoned after Jin Dynasty. YT2 and YT3 can be confirmed as hexagonal tower foundations, and the bricklaying and water diversion practices and specifications of the two tower foundations are the same as YT 1. This excavation is the largest archaeological site in the capital of Liao Dynasty since the founding of New China. According to archaeological remains and relics, it can be confirmed that Xishanpo is a Buddhist temple site built in Liao Dynasty, with an important position and a huge scale. Beiqun Buddhist Temple is an eastward rectangular courtyard surrounded by courtyard walls. The main building on the central axis is a large hexagonal brick-wood mixed structure building (YT 1), with small hexagonal brick towers (YT2, YT3) symmetrically arranged left and right, with small building bases and squares in front. YT 1 The building structure is special, with lotus patterns and dragon and phoenix patterns carved on the column base. The unearthed clay sculptures depicting realism, painting and gilding all reflect the grade and function of this base site to some extent. The results of this excavation confirm that the architectural site of Xishanpo is the architectural nature of Buddhist temples, which will have a very important impact on re-understanding the shape and layout of the site of Beijing Imperial City in Shangliao. At the same time, this new archaeological discovery provides very important physical data for the study of archaeology, history, Buddhism and architecture in Liao Dynasty.

20 13 archaeological discovery: Guo Mu's tomb of the old official Han in Chengdu, Sichuan;

From July, 20 12 to August, 20 13, with the approval of National Cultural Heritage Administration, Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology (Chengdu Cultural Relics and Archaeological Team) and Jingzhou Cultural Relics Protection Center formed a joint archaeological team to conduct a rescue excavation of a Western Han cemetery in "Laoguanshan", Tianhui Town, jinniu district, Chengdu, and * * excavated four Western Han wooden tombs. Early tombs were stolen. Tombs are wooden tombs with vertical holes and pits, which are divided into bottom boxes and bottomless boxes. These tombs are similar in direction and size. The direction is north-south. The tomb is 5-7 meters long, 3-4.5 meters wide and 2-2.2 meters high. * * * More than 620 relics have been unearthed, including pots, pans, pots, urns, pots, wells and furnaces. Lacquer wood includes ear cups, urns, tables, boxes, wooden figurines, horses, walls, sticks, fixers, boxes, semicircles, loom models, etc. Bronzes have crossbows, hooks and buckles, and coins have "half Liang" and "five baht"; There are also a few ironware, bamboo weavers and grass (brown) weavers. Important gains include more than 50 pieces of wooden slips unearthed in M 1, 4 pieces of jade seal unearthed in M2, 4 pieces of bamboo loom models, more than 920 pieces of bamboo slips unearthed in M3, and painted portraits of human acupoints. M 1 The contents of unearthed wooden slips are official documents and witchcraft. M3 bamboo slips are medical bamboo slips. After preliminary sorting out, the medical books are tentatively named Five-color Pulse Diagnosis, My Medical Treatise of Past Dynasties, Death of Pulse, Sixty Prescriptions of Diseases, Source of Disease, Complete Book of Meridian, Symptoms of Diseases, Pulse Count and Medical Horse Book. The age of the tomb is preliminarily presumed to be the period of Emperor Jing and Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. The four loom models unearthed this time should be the earliest multi-heald multi-creep loom discovered in China so far, which fills the gap in the research of silk textile technology in China and even in the world. The medical bamboo slips unearthed for the first time in Sichuan are the largest number of medical cultural relics unearthed after Mawangdui.

20 14 Archaeological Discovery: Modaoshan Site in Yunan, Guangdong Province and Nanjiang Paleolithic Site Group;

Modaoshan site is located in Yunan County, Yunfu City, western Guangdong Province. This site is the first discovery and scientific excavation of the early Paleolithic wilderness site in Guangdong Province. A breakthrough was made in the rescue excavation that lasted for four months-this is the earliest confirmed ancient human cultural relic in Guangdong. This discovery fills the gap in the early Paleolithic culture in Guangdong, and greatly advances the history of the earliest human activities in this area from about130,000 years ago to hundreds of thousands of years ago, which is a major breakthrough in prehistoric archaeology in Guangdong. The discovery of this site is not only a great progress in paleolithic archaeology in Lingnan and even China, but also provides valuable new materials for paleolithic archaeological research in South China and even China. At the same time, it also provides an important new opportunity for in-depth study of the relationship between paleolithic culture in southern China and Southeast Asia, the origin and evolution history of regional human beings, and the comparison between eastern and western cultures.

20 15 archaeological discovery: the tomb of Zeng State in Guojiamiao;

The provincial cultural relics protection unit Guojiamiao Zengguo Cemetery is located in Zhaohu Village, Wudian Town, Zaoyang City. It is a cemetery of Zeng State from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period, with a total area of10.2 million square meters, which is divided into the cemetery of Zeng State in Guojiamiao and the cemetery of Caomenmiao. The cemetery of Guojiamiao is distributed on two relatively independent hills, the northern hill is Guojiamiao cemetery, and the southern hill is Caomenwan cemetery, with a total area of over 6,543,800 square meters. The cemetery is located in the east of Zhou Tai site and Zhongyizhai city site 1 km, and in the west of Jiuliandun Warring States Chu Tomb Group 1.5 km. Two excavations in 2002 and 20 14 confirmed that this cemetery was a senior cemetery of Zeng nobles from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period. Archaeological excavations in 20 14 were rated as the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China that year because of their great academic value. This exhibition shows the excavation results of Guojiamiao cemetery in 2002 and 20 14 for the first time. Zengguo Cemetery in Guojiamiao, Zengguo Cemetery in Yejiashan in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Zengguo Cemetery in Wenfeng Pagoda and Zengguo Tomb in Leigudun are isomorphic, which establishes the chronological order of Zengguo archaeology and provides important information for studying the history of Zengguo and the system of sealing off the country in Zhou Dynasty.

Archaeological excavation refers to the activities or work of investigating, exploring, discovering and excavating cultural relics in cultural relics burial sites, ancient cultural sites and ancient tombs and conducting scientific research with the approval of the administrative department of cultural relics. No unit or individual may encroach on the cultural relics excavated by archaeology.