Geographical Location, Economy and Culture of the North Shore of Fengdu County, Chongqing

Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, the famous mountains in Fengdu County have been called "ghost towns". Since then, Fengdu, a small county town on the north bank of the Yangtze River, has become famous all over the world with its mysterious appearance and numerous legends, and has become a scenic spot full of China cultural connotations on the Yangtze River Golden Tourism Line, attracting people to explore. Famous poets of past dynasties, many tourists, climbing mountains and wading, reciting poems and writing poems, left layers of footprints and heavy history and culture in the "ghost town".

When traveling in the "ghost town" of Fengdu, the tour guide will definitely introduce two people to you, because they have played an important role in many legends calling Fengdu a "ghost town".

Yin Changsheng and Wang are these two people. According to legend, since the Han Dynasty, they cultivated immortals in Pingdu Mountain, a famous mountain in the northeast corner of Fengdu County, and soared in the daytime. In the Tang Dynasty, some people mistakenly linked the surnames Yin and Wang together, and became the "Yin King", and then misrepresented it as the "Pluto", so Fengdu became the "underworld".

Laugh at the world, scholar

Shenshenbei Du Feng

This is a poem left by the poet Li Bai after visiting the famous mountain "Ghost Town" in Fengdu.

Today, Li Bai's poems have become famous couplets of Fengdu's famous "ghost town". Show people in the world a truth of life and death, coming and going. The Pearl of the Yangtze River is a rich capital, which has been a famous cultural city since ancient times. It is the most distinctive and famous historical and cultural town in China. As the seat of the underworld, it is famous for its rich ghost culture. There are many legends of ghosts and gods circulating here. Many famous Chinese and foreign literary works, such as The Journey to the West, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Yue Biography and Zhong Kui Biography, vividly describe the "ghost town" with rich capital, which is quite legendary.

The main landscapes of Fengdu County are: Fengdu Mountain, a famous national key scenic spot of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River; There is a national forest park-Shuanggui Mountain, which has both formal beauty and garden art; There are antique buildings such as "Ghost Palace" and "Yin Si Street", which are the largest cultural and humanistic landscape of ghosts and gods in China and the most spectacular dynamic cultural landscape in Southwest China. There are also strange and spectacular buildings, which are rare in the Han group because of their high density, great time span and high cultural value. There are stone carvings of trees and ghosts under construction, Siping Forest Park at low altitude (380-520 meters above sea level), Sanfu Primitive Forest Farm, Longhe Scenic Area (caves, drifting) and other natural landscapes.

The famous mountain was originally named "Pingdu Mountain", but it was renamed after Su Shi's poem "Pingdu Ancient Famous Mountain in the World" in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is 287.3 meters above sea level and covers an area of 0.45 square kilometers. According to legend, in the Han Dynasty, there were two people, Yin Changsheng and Wang Zeng, who became immortals on Pingdu Mountain and soared in the daytime. Taoism lists this place as one of the "land of caves" in the Taoist capital. In the Tang Dynasty, some people mistakenly combined the surnames of Yin and Wang, so this famous mountain was gradually legendary as the place where (the king of the underworld) lived, that is, it evolved into the ghost capital of the underworld. Then Lu Xu built many temples related to the "underworld". There are more than 30 temples, including Huma Temple, Gratitude Hall, Naihe Bridge, Jade Emperor Hall, Baizi Hall, Impermanence Hall, Daxiong Hall, Gate of Hell, Huang Quan Road, Wangxiangtai, Tianzi Hall, Erxian Building, Huangcheng Hall and Jiupython Hall. There are inscriptions by celebrities such as Su Shi, Lu You and Fan Chengda on the mountain.

After visiting the famous mountain and the ghost capital, people crossed the spectacular antique iron cable suspension bridge-"Yinyang Bridge" and arrived at Shuanggui Mountain in the middle of the sun. Shuanggui Mountain is 40 1 m high and covers an area of about 1 km2. Here, the scenery is beautiful, the trees are dense, the flowing water is gurgling, and the winding path is secluded. There are pavilions and springs, such as Confucius Temple, Luming Literature Temple, Sugong Temple and Yuming Spring. There is also a memorial "Enlai Pavilion" to commemorate Liu Bocheng's "national protection pavilion" in Fengdu begging for Yuan to protect the country in his early years, and to commemorate He Long's "He Long Pavilion".

The famous mountains and forests in Fengdu are picturesque and quiet. Among the green trees shaded by ancient trees, the stone paths turn back and the temples overlap. With rich imagination and extravagant hopes, people of all dynasties built many scenic spots such as Yin and Yang Division, Naihe Bridge, eighteen layers of hell and so on above the famous mountains. According to the theories of Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism, they created a large number of images of people, ghosts and gods, and at the same time moved the original institutions and facilities in the world to the underworld one by one, and built a complete and huge "government of the underworld" in their own imagination. Give full play to the function of the "government of the underworld", pin people's unfulfilled wishes and ideals on the dead, pin all kinds of grievances on the underworld, punish evil and promote good with their own ideal ghosts and gods, and make ideal ghosts and gods become the spiritual pillar of people's survival. Because in their hearts, people who believe in good and evil have karma and reincarnation.

There are many superstitions in traditional China. It is said that after death, people will always report to Fengdu "Ghost Town" on the north bank of the Yangtze River, where they will be tried by Yama right, judge the merits and demerits, and arrange the afterlife. These wandering souls arrived in Fengdu "Ghost Town" with "Road Guide" (passport) stamped with "Yin Si", "Town God" and "Fengdu County Government" and did not dare to delay, otherwise they would become lonely souls and wild ghosts if they came late, and there would never be peace.

Naihe Bridge is a ghost town of Fengdu, which contains the meaning of China traditional culture.

It is located in front of the famous temple in Fengdu and consists of three stone arch bridges with the same size and shape. The bridge deck is narrow, paved with bluestones and slightly curved, and only one person can walk at a time. Flowers are carved on the stone fences on both sides of the bridge, and there is a pond under the bridge. The cards at the bridge head are guarded by ghosts of the underworld and night gods day and night.

According to folklore, Naihe Bridge is the only way to the underworld after death. If people are virtuous and do good when they are alive, then there are gods to bless them to cross the bridge safely; If people don't behave well when they are alive, then the dead will break into the river of blood under the bridge and be bitten by copper snakes and iron dogs in the pool. The book Investigation of Fengdu Religious Customs has described this:

"The bridge is divided into three layers (or three layers), and the ghosts of good people can safely cross the upper bridge; Ghosts of those who have both good and evil can cross the bridge; The soul of the wicked crosses the bridge. " When the wicked cross the bridge, they will be stopped by the spectre guarding the bridge and pushed into the river of blood under the bridge, where the waves are rolling, the blood is pouring, the wind is cold and the bones are everywhere.

Many tourists who come to Fengdu's famous "ghost town" like to walk across the bridge smoothly. I believe that crossing this bridge can avoid the pain of crossing the Naihe Bridge after death. So, before they cross the bridge, they burn incense and paper, give money and things, and may God bless them. The monks and nuns in the temple are even more resourceful, deliberately splashing tung oil on the bridge deck of Qingshiqiao, making it difficult for pilgrims to cross the bridge, often slipping and being scared. In this way, Naihe Bridge has more mythical colors.

Naihe Bridge is a rare monument in the famous "ghost town", which was built in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 500 years. Naihe is the river name of hell in Buddhism. The purpose of making Naiheqiao into a story is to educate the living to do more good deeds, accumulate virtue and do good deeds, benefit mankind, and let them be reborn in the afterlife.

The ancient people's thought of karma has long been insufficient, but Fengdu "ghost town", as a scenic spot and religious relic, is irreplaceable by other temples. If you travel to Fengdu, you might as well go to the famous mountain "ghost town" and take a walk on Naihe Bridge.

Crimes committed by Japanese planes in Fengdu during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.

In the arduous War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China paid a heavy price, tens of millions of people were killed and the property losses were astronomical. Fengdu County, located along the Yangtze River, also suffered from the indiscriminate bombing of Chongqing by Japanese invaders' planes taking off from Wuhan Air Force Base. According to statistics, during the four years from 1939 to 1942, 103 people were killed, 48/kloc-0 people were injured and property losses were huge. Now the criminal facts of Japanese bombing Fengdu are recorded as follows:

1June 3, 939, three Japanese planes dropped bombs in the air, and the explosion broke the tranquility of Fengdu City. People are scared. Fortunately, when enemy planes first arrived in Fengdu, they were not allowed to drop bombs. Most of them fell into the Yangtze River, and two others fell into the mud pond of Jiangba. Although the bombing did not cause casualties, it set a bad precedent for the indiscriminate bombing of Fengdu by the Japanese invaders.

August 6 1940, the weather is fine. At eleven o'clock in the morning, the air defense alarm sounded and people fled in panic. In an instant, 12 enemy planes flew in, with three planes and one plane, diving and dropping bombs, and the explosion was like thunder. Smoke and flames on urban roads, highways, T-shaped streets, Jiaranshiba and other places. People tell their daughters to cry, and their fathers call their mothers. Most of Zhongzheng Road was burned, and the top floor of Kuomintang commander Chen Lanting's residence was also blown up, which caused great losses.

On August 8th 194 1 day, 15 enemy planes dropped 18 bombs, and on August 8th 10, 12 enemy planes dropped1. Wangye Temple Street, Chenghuangmiao Street, T-shaped Street, Zhongcheng Road, Yamenkou, Guanyimen and many other places were bombed, and the flames were soaring. Those who did not escape were blown to pieces and lost their heads. Wangye Temple turned over a woman whose hands and feet were blown off, and then she flew a few feet and landed. The terrible bombing killed 37 people, 150 people were seriously injured, 463 houses were destroyed, and the loss was equivalent to RMB 4.03 million. Many people are bankrupt and homeless. Geng, the head of the county security corps, was hit by a bomb while directing the fire fighting. In the same year, Japanese warplanes bombed Gaozhen, causing one death and one injury.

1in the autumn of 942, the Japanese air offensive became more and more crazy. From June to July, the Japanese aggressors bombed Fengdu County six times. At noon on June 14, a group of enemy planes dropped bombs and incendiary bombs, and houses in Zhongcheng Road and T-Street caught fire and filled with smoke. The bombing killed 3/kloc-0 people and injured more than 200 people. Many blocks were razed to the ground and suffered heavy losses. On September 6th, 28 enemy planes bombed Fengdu, killing 1 1 people and injuring more than 30 people.

The atrocities of the Japanese invaders aroused the extreme indignation of the people in Fengdu, and the vast number of young people in Fengdu actively went to the front. Under the leadership of the * * * Production Party in China, after eight years of arduous fighting, the once rampant Japanese imperialism was finally completely defeated and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression won an all-round victory.

"Don't forget the importance, the teacher of three things". History tells us that backwardness will be beaten. Old China has become a lamb to be slaughtered, and the people are living in dire straits. It was the great the Communist Party of China (CPC) who led the people to achieve today's remarkable achievements. We should cherish today's peaceful environment, maintain a stable political situation, and strive to develop the economy so that the Chinese nation can stand among the nations of the world. (Fengdu County Archives Bureau of Chen Bo)