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Important moment, event, person.

Yu was founded in the Xia Dynasty in 2070 BC.

About 65438 BC+0600 BC, Xia Jian Shang Tang was destroyed.

65438 BC+0046 BC Battle of King Mu Ye.

In 84 BC1year, China people rioted in Zhou Liwang.

In 77 BC1year, Zhou Youwang was destroyed in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

The details are as follows ~

The transition from abdication system to hereditary system

In his later years, according to the traditional abdication system, Yu recommended Gāo Yáo as his successor in advance. Before long, he died, and Yu recommended Boyi of Dongyi as his heir. However, Yu did not give Boyi real power, so that Boyi could not get exercise and could not establish prestige among the masses. Instead, the real power was handed over to his son Qi, and his cronies also mastered a lot of power. After Yu's death, according to the past tradition, Boyi hid in another place to show humility and let the clan and tribe decide who would inherit him. Because Boyi's prestige and power were not as good as Qi's, Qi easily inherited Yu's throne. Boyi led Dongyi's army, defeated Kai's army, captured Kai and imprisoned him. Soon, Kay escaped again, reorganized his team and fought back against Boyi. Finally, Kay captured and killed Boyi and inherited his father's position. Since then, the hereditary system of the throne has replaced the abdication system

Du Yu Yangcheng

Scholars believe that the site of Wang Chenggang ancient city in Dengfeng, Henan Province today is the site of Yangcheng in Du Yu. There, the ruins of the castle were found, as well as fragments of pottery, bones and other bronzes.

The State Machine of Xia Dynasty

There was a government bureaucracy in the Xia Dynasty, and ancient books recorded that there were officials such as "six ministers", "people who did six things" and "three rectifications" in the Xia Dynasty. There was an army in the Xia Dynasty, and the soldiers were called "military men". There is also a record of "chaos in summer, being punished", which shows that there is a criminal law. The prison in Xia Dynasty was called "Xiatai". According to the historical book Xia Benji, Tang, the leader of Shang Dynasty, was once detained here. Prison, punishment, army and officials are the basic components of a country.

The tyranny of Xia Jie

There are many records about Xia Jie's madness in ancient books. For example, Liu Xiang told Biography of Women that he was "confused and disoriented, arrogant and arrogant, because the wine pool can carry a boat ... people who are drunk laugh." He also said that he "compared himself to Japan" and boasted that "the weather is unpredictable and I still have people." Are there any deaths in one day? When I die, I die. "So the people scolded him:" I mourn every day! "Give it to you and go to hell." (Historical Records, Yin Benji, Shangshu Tang Shi) The latter sentence is translated into vernacular: "When is your Sun Die? We are willing to die with you! "

According to ancient books, Shang Tang ruled the people by virtue.

Huainan Zhang: "Tang stayed up late, which made him smart. Lighten taxes to forgive people and protect themselves. Bud gives welfare to help the poor. Hanging around the neck, asking questions, raising orphans and widows. The people are attached, and the law is popular. "

Pan Geng moved to Yin.

After the establishment of Shang Dynasty, there was a long-term struggle for the throne between the ruling classes of Shang Dynasty from Zhong Ding to Pan Geng for more than 100 years. The history of Shang Dynasty entered a period of mid-decline. In order to get rid of political turmoil and disasters, he moved the capital five times: Zhong Ding moved from Bo to Tao (now Xingyang, Henan); He moved from the hustle and bustle (now Henan Huang); Zu Ti Jupi (now Dingtao); Nan Geng moved from the bomb shelter to the election (now Qufu, Shandong Province); Pan Geng moved from Yan to Yin (now Anyang City, Henan Province). Pan Geng's move to Yin was a major turning point in the history of Shang Dynasty, which reversed the decline of Shang Dynasty and embarked on the road of rejuvenation, resulting in the political situation of "Ning Min Xing Yin, Dao Min Xing". From then on, the Shang Dynasty ended the turbulent years of moving the capital repeatedly, until the demise of the Shang Dynasty, and never moved the capital again, ushered in a new period of political, economic and cultural development. After Pan Geng moved to Xinyi, this place was not called Yin at that time, Oracle Bone Inscriptions called it "the merchant of Dayi", and Shang Dynasty didn't call it Yin. After the demise of the Zhou Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty named the hunting area near Shangdu as Yuan Yin in order to show its contempt for merchants. Therefore, Shang Dynasty was also called Yin or Yin Shang. This Shang dynasty king was destroyed after the demise of King Wu, gradually abandoned and became a ruin, so it was called "Yin Ruins".

Shang Zhouwang

Di Xin, the last king of Shang Dynasty, was a famous tyrant in history. He was extravagant, expanding the capital of Yin to the south (now Qixian County, Henan Province) and to Handan and Dune in the north (now northeast of Pingxiang, Hebei Province), and built a palace pavilion and a garden platform in this large area; Da ji, who loves beauty, sings and dances all day long, and produced a new work by musicians, namely "Northern Dance" and "Decadent Joy". He also built a wine pool and a meat forest. He drank too much. He plundered, food filled the warehouse of the giant bridge, and countless treasures filled the deer platform. He hired bad guys and persecuted honest ministers. For example, Fei Zhong, who is greedy for money and good at flattery, is reused, and Loy, who is good at sowing dissension, is promoted. He abolished and belittled the reputation of a wise man who was supported by people. He tortured the people with "branded punishment" and also tortured loyal ministers with other tortures. The uncle who protested to him was tortured to death, which made his protesting brother Cabbage escape. Although his other brother Ji Zi pretended to be crazy, he failed to escape imprisonment. The Shang and Zhou Dynasties refused to remonstrate and undermined loyalty, which led to the ministers, nobles, governors and neighboring countries of the DPRK leaving Germany in succession. Xibo Jichang (that is, Zhou Wenwang) saw Zhou Wang's cruelty and sighed secretly. He was imprisoned by Zhou Wang in You (now there is a site of You in tangyin county, Henan). In order to divert people's attention, Zhou Wang launched a series of campaigns against neighboring countries, and then devoted all its forces to the war against Dongyi. The war has increased the burden on the people and intensified the already sharp class contradictions. The Shang dynasty was in danger, and it was out of control. During the cutting week, the Shang Dynasty deserted, the army rebelled, and Shang and Zhou fled back to Shangdu, where they set themselves on fire and died.

Zhou Wenwang

Zhou Wenwang's 50-year reign, the main achievement is to fully prepare for the destruction of business. He is a successful entrepreneur, diligent in politics, and attaches importance to the development of agricultural production. He respects worthy men and women, recruits talented people, worships military strategists, and makes "three points in the world, two points in the week". When King Wen was in power, he appeared as the "Fang Bo" of Shang Dynasty, surrendering to Shang Dynasty on the surface, but secretly preparing to destroy Shang Dynasty. He divided and disintegrated the vassal States of Shang Dynasty, fought for the country, successfully settled the land dispute between Yu and Rui, and made small countries in Hedong come to him one after another. The vassals all regarded King Wen as the "king" who could replace Shang Zhouwang. In the second year after Yu and Rui joined the army, King Wen moved to the northwest and southwest, which established a solid rear for destroying the business. Then it developed eastward, crossed the Yellow River and attacked other countries, such as Jiao and Guan. According to relevant information, it captured Chong, an important stronghold of Shang Dynasty in the middle reaches of Wei River, cleared an obstacle on Zhou Dongjin's road and gained abundant land. In the second year of the Eastern Expedition, King Wen built Fengyi on the west bank of Feng Shui, and the political center moved to Fengyi (southwest of Jin 'an). At this point, King Wen had completed the pincer-like encirclement of merchants, and Zhou people formed an aggressive offensive against Shang Dynasty.

Jiang Shang

Jiang Shang, Ziziya, also known as Jiang Ziya. His ancestral home was originally in Dongyi area. It is said that his ancestors were one of the "four mountains" of Shun, and they helped Dayu to control water. He was sealed in Lu, and Jiang was his surname. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, some descendants of Jiang became poor, which was one of them. Because his ancestors were sealed in the state of Lu, Jiang Shang was also called the merchant of Lu. Because of his poor family background, in order to make a living, when he was young, he slaughtered cattle and sold meat in Chao Ge, worked as a butcher and opened a hotel in Jin Meng. Although he is knowledgeable and talented, he has no talent in Shang Dynasty. He is over 60 years old, with white hair and extraordinary experience, and he is still looking for opportunities to display his talents and ambitions. He heard that Xibo (Zhou Wenwang) was looking for a sage, so he went fishing in Fangu, the spring source of Weishuizi in the southwest of Qishan, waiting for King Wen. Xibo once hunted in Lu Yu, a Shandong merchant, and had a very speculative chat. Wang Daxi said, "My late grandfather always hoped for a saint to help him. You are probably my late grandfather's long-awaited sage! " Therefore, they called him Tai Wang Gong and worshipped him as a strategist. King Tai Gong planned many military plans for Wang Wen. The history books say that "the world is divided into three points and two weeks, and most of them count as squire." Under the planning of King Tai Gong, Zhou Wenwang made Zhou's political, economic and military strength greatly surpass that of Shang Dynasty. King Wen died of illness, so he assisted the son of King Wen, and was honored as "the teacher is still the father". With the assistance of King Taigong, he continued to strengthen the power of Zhou State, wooed the governors of various countries, chose fighter planes for the final destruction of commerce, and launched the war of cutting Zhou State. In the battle of Makino, the teacher still led the pioneers to challenge. Finally, they invaded the Shang Dynasty and overthrew it. Because Jiang Shang helped King Wen and King Wu destroy the business, he was enfeoffed by the Zhou Dynasty to Qi State and became the ancestor of Qi State in history.

Zhou Wuwang

Zhou Wuwang is the son of Zhou Wenwang. Zhou Wuwang inherited his father's legacy, completed the unfinished business of King Wen, and finally overthrew the rule of Shang Dynasty and became the founding king of Western Zhou Dynasty. After King Wu succeeded to the throne, he continued to actively prepare for the destruction of the business, and appointed Jiang Shang as the military strategist, responsible for the military; Appointed his brother Zhou Gongdan as an assistant to take charge of government affairs; Also appointed Zhao Gong, Bi Gong and others as assistants. He also built a new capital-Haojiang. Zhou Wuwang seized the favorable opportunity of the disintegration of Shang Zhouwang's rule, led his division eastward, and watched the troops stationed in Tianjin (now Jin Meng, Henan Province, and the ancient Yellow River Ferry) and held a meeting of eight hundred governors. This is a test of the Shang dynasty's force and a preview of the offensive war. Two years after the Jin Meng Conference, the core of Shang Dynasty was severely divided, Shang Zhouwang was completely isolated, and the time was ripe for separatist regime. I personally led a great army to cut down the merchants, met with various governors, and joined the ethnic minorities such as Yong, Shu, Qiang, Kuai, Wei, Lu, Peng and Pu in the southwest and Jianghan Basin to participate in the war, from crossing the Yellow River to killing merchants and fighting merchants. Zhou Wang fled back to Yindu and set himself on fire in Lutai. In this move, the King of Wu shot three arrows in succession, cut off Shang Zhou's head with a brass cymbal and hung it on a white flagpole for public display, and the Shang Dynasty perished.

sysytem?of?enfeoffment

Packet, is the meaning of the nation. Zhou Wang divided the area near the capital into Wang Ji, which was directly ruled by Zhou Wang. Areas outside Ji Wang were enfeoffed, vassal states were established, territory was defended, and the royal family was defended. Zhou Wang is the supreme ruler of the country, the * * * master of the vassal, calling himself the son of heaven, so he is also called the son of heaven. The feudal state is hereditary, with administrative, military and economic powers, and relatively independent.

China riots

Li Wang, the tenth king of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was a greedy and cruel monarch. Li Wang, who appointed the honor of "a good patent without knowing the trouble coming out of his mouth" as an aristocratic scholar, implemented the patent. The so-called patent is to enjoy the benefits of mountains and rivers exclusively, take the originally publicly owned mountains and rivers as your own, and prohibit people from collecting firewood and fishing for hunting. Li Wang's patent violated the interests of all social strata, lost the support of the royal aristocrats and ruling groups, and harmed the interests of the general public, that is, the "China people", making them unbearable, and they talked about and criticized Li Wang's tyranny in succession. Li Wang slandered the opinions of the people of China as "slander", invited patriotic wizards to monitor the people and spy on the private discussions of the people of China, and according to his will, accused the people of China of "slandering the king" and killing him in the name of gods. China people dare to be angry but dare not speak, so when they meet on the road, they signal with their eyes. King Li said smugly, "I have a way to eliminate slander, but I dare not say it now!" " "Zhao Gong advised him," it's better to prevent people from speaking than to prevent Sichuan. Plug up the water, once it breaks, it will hurt more people. " King Li didn't listen to the advice at all and went on his own way. Li Guowang's three years of high-handed rule finally aroused a large-scale armed uprising. In 84 1 year BC, China people rushed into the palace, and Li Wang fled, crossed the Yellow River and fled to Wei Xiao (now Huoxian County, Shanxi Province). King Li Jing fled home, and the rebels surrounded the home and asked him to hand over King Jing. Zhao Gong asked his son to pass himself off as a prince and give it to the rebels to kill. People from all walks of life, mainly civilians, took part in the uprising. The people's uprising in China was the first large-scale armed uprising in the history of China. Li's brutal rule was overthrown.

The demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty

Zhou Youwang was the last son of heaven in the Western Zhou Dynasty. After King Youwang ascended the throne, the droughts and earthquakes that happened to each other seriously damaged the production of the Zhou Dynasty and plunged the social order into chaos and turmoil. The fatuous Zhou Youwang turned a blind eye to this and indulged in dissolute life all day. He likes the praise of the beautiful princess very much, especially after he gave birth to his son Bofu. He abolished the original Empress Shen Hou and Prince Yi Jiu, and changed them to praise, and Fu Bo became a prince. King Wang You praised you for not only drinking and having fun, but also ignoring state affairs, and staged a farce of "beating the prince with a bonfire". In order to be arrogant and extravagant, you Wang promoted the father of Shiguo, who was good at flattering others and seeking personal gain, as a noble, which aggravated exploitation and caused widespread dissatisfaction among the people. Shen Hou was very angry that his daughter was abolished after applying for the application. With the country (Zèng) and the dog army, attacked the division of Daxing in Wang You, and * * * attacked Haojing, the capital of Zhou Dynasty. Although you Wang called the police in the bonfire, the governors of various countries did not send troops to deal with him for fear of being teased again. When Haojiang fell, you Wang fled to the foot of Lishan Mountain and was killed and captured by Rong people. The Western Zhou Dynasty ruled for about 250 years, from the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty by King Wu to the killing of King You.

Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties: From the 22nd century to 770 years ago.

Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties: From the 22nd century to 770 years ago.

In the 22nd century-16th century, Xia Emperor launched a summer attack, and a war broke out between Hu and Gan.

Xia Xia Zheng he

Xia Xiang Xia Xiang laid off Huai Yi, Yi Yi, Feng Yi and Huang Yi.

Xia Shaokang Xia Shaokang Han Zhuo Battle

Summer does not fall, summer does not fall and attacks Jiuyuan.

16th century-1 1 The Battle of Xia and Shang Dynasties.

Shang zhong ding Shang charity

Shanghejia Shanghejia Public Welfare

Shang Wu Ding Shang Wu Ding attacked the ghost face and Jingchu.

Businessmen and women love to attack Qiang people.

Shang and Zhou's struggle against ethnic minorities

Shang Emperor Shang Yi and Di Yi attacked Fang Yi and Yu Fang.

Shang and the Battle of Attacking Dongyi

The battle and worship of Zhou's weeding and uprooting

1 1 century -84 1 eleven years, the battle of Shang Makino.

In the second year, the Duke of Zhou crusaded against Zhou Chengwang.

In the 11th year of Zhou Chengwang, Zhou Chengwang attacked Huaiyi.

In the first year of Zhou Kangwang, Zhou Kangwang attacked the ghost face.

In the sixteenth year of King Zhao of Zhou, King Zhao of Zhou attacked Jingchu.

In the first year of Zhou Muwang, Zhou Muwang attacked the Battle of Canrong.

Zhou * * * was destroyed in the first year of the Secret King.

The first year of Zhou Yiwang, Zhou Yiwang * * * dog Dijon war.

Zhou Wangxiao attacked Xirong every week for seven years.

Zhou Yiwang's two-year weekly attack on Taiyuan.

Zhou Liwang's two-year anti-Huai War.

Zhou * * * and the uprising in the first year of China.

In 840, Zhou * * * fought with Yan Yun and the battle to attack Zhou in two years.

In 825, Zhou Xuanwang and Zhou Xuanwang fought a foreign war for three years.

In 805, 23 years, Jin Muhou attacked Rong.

In 797 and 31, Zhou Xuanwang attacked Taiyuan.

In 796 and 32 years, we attacked Lu.

In 792, thirty-six years, Zhou Xuanwang attacked and transferred Dijon and ran Dijon.

In 790, Zhou Xuanwang attacked Beirong in thirty-eight years.

Ronggongjiang

In 789, Zhou Xuanwang attacked Jiang Rong in 39 years.

78 1 year, the first year of Zhou Youwang, a campaign to attack six economies in one week.

In 1978, ten years to attack Rong.

In 77 1 year, Zhou Youwang was at war with the Western Zhou Dynasty for eleven years.