Two children's extracurricular reading of Japanese classical Chinese

1. There is a reading exercise in "Two Children Debate Day", and it is better to have an answer. Original: When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children quarreling (1) and asked him why (2).

A son said, "I started from (3) the day I went out, (4) people were near, and Japanese and China were far away." Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A son said, "When the sun rises, it is as big as a hood (6), and when it rises at noon (7), (8) is like a vegetable bowl (9). This is not (10) which is smaller and which is closer? " A son said, "It's cool when the sun rises in the morning (1 1), just like exploring soup at noon (12). Isn't this near hot and far cold? " Confucius can't decide (13). The two children laughed and said, "Who is smarter than you (15)?" Note: (1) Debate: Debate, debate.

(2) reason: reason, reason. (3) take: think, think.

(4) Go: Leave. (5) noon: noon.

(6) Car cover: The canopy on ancient cars was umbrella-shaped. And: here we are.

(8) then: just. (9) jar: an open vessel for holding wine and food.

(10) Yes: Yes. (1 1) Cang Cang Liang: cold and cloudy, with cool weather.

(12) soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. It means it's very hot.

(13) judgment: ruling, judgment. (14) who: who, which.

(15) ru: you. Writing features: 1, the language is concise and everything is reasonable.

2. Be good at using metaphors. For example, when two children argue about the phenomenon of "the distance between the suns", they use two metaphors such as "like a car cover" and "like a plate cylinder" to explain the size of the sun in detail, and combine "the beginning of a day" and "Japan and China" to clarify the reasons for the conclusion; On the one hand, starting from the feeling, taking Tantang as a contrast, combining the Early of the Day and Japan-China, the reasons are also made clear.

Because the author is good at using metaphors, the language is vivid and convincing, which is easy to be understood and accepted by people. Confucius traveled to the East and saw two children arguing on the way.

Ask them what they are arguing about. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon. The previous child said, "When the sun first came out, it was as big as the roof of a car. At noon, it was as small as the mouth of a plate and bowl. Isn't it like this far away? " Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. It's not hot when it's near, and it's not cold when it's far away? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were so smart?" The second one is right. Ignore the revolution of the earth and only consider the rotation. From the center of the sun to a fixed point on the surface of the earth, it must be a long distance in the morning and a short distance at noon.

It's just that the change of this distance is not enough to make it hot at noon and cool in the morning. The heat at noon and the coolness in the morning are all caused by the incident angle of the sun, which is not the truth that "two children argue for a day". This article is an allegorical story.

The article describes that in ancient times, two children relied on their own intuition. One thinks that the sun is close to people in the morning, and the other thinks that the sun is close to people at noon. For this reason, they hold their own opinions and argue endlessly, even a knowledgeable person like Confucius can't make a judgment. This story shows that in order to understand nature and explore objective truth, we must dare to think independently and question boldly; It also shows that the universe is infinite and knowledge is infinite. Even the most knowledgeable people will know something and learn endlessly.

This story can be understood in three parts. Write the argument between Confucius and Lu Yu first, and point out the time, place, characters and reasons of the story.

Two children put forward two completely different views on how far the sun is from the earth at different times. Then write about two children who use the intuition (vision and touch) that people can experience in their daily lives to clarify their views in order to refute each other's views.

Finally, I wrote that the argument between Confucius and the two children was inconclusive, which led them to "laugh". The full text is only a hundred words, but it can give people a lot of inspiration.

It is the characteristic of language expression to express characters and unfold stories through dialogue description, which shows the innocence and loveliness of two children and Confucius' scientific attitude of being modest and seeking truth from facts. The main purpose of writing this article is to let students understand the language characteristics of ancient Chinese, and at the same time realize that knowledge is endless and learning is endless.

The difference in meaning between ancient and modern times is the difficulty in learning this article. For example, the meaning of "going" in "I want to be close to people when the sun rises" is different from that commonly used in modern times.

In addition, there are few words such as "who" and "ru" in modern Chinese, and such words should be understandable by students. The following translation is for reference only: Confucius went to the East to study and saw two children arguing on the way.

Confucius asked them why they argued. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon. The previous child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a bowl at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to be near hot and far hot? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?" Second, the learning goal 1. Learn three new words in this lesson and clarify their meanings according to the notes after class. 2. Read the text with emotion.

Recite the text and repeat the story. 3. Understand the content of the text, learn from the ancient people's spirit of understanding nature and seeking truth, which is good at thinking and boldly questioning, as well as Confucius' scientific attitude of modesty and seeking truth from facts, and realize the endless truth of learning.

Iii. Teaching suggestions 1. Before class, the teacher can refer to the scientific common sense involved in the text. Students can also be arranged to ask, "Does the distance between the sun and the earth change during the day?" ? Why does the sun look big in the morning and small at noon? Why does it feel cold in the morning and hot at noon? ".

Although this article is concise, it is still difficult for students to read and understand the different meanings of ancient and modern words. For example, the modal particle "Hu", which rarely appears in modern texts, appears three times in the article. There are three steps to solve this difficulty.

(1) After reading the text, students can understand the meaning of each sentence according to their notes. For students who don't understand, the teacher can give them a little guidance to let them understand the context.

(2。

2. In the first semester, I read the classical Chinese "Two Children Debate Day" and answered the question 1~5.

Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children arguing. Ask why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? "

Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "

1. Classical Chinese vocabulary-I can read underlined words.

(1) Seeing two children arguing (2) When the day begins, people will be very close.

(3) A son walks far at the beginning of a day. (4) His day is like exploring soup.

⑤ Confucius can't decide, ⑤ Who is Zhihu?

2. Classical Chinese translation-I can translate the following sentences in modern Chinese.

I have been close to people since the day, but far away from Japan and China.

② The two children smiled and said, "Who is Zhihu?"

3. Content understanding-what are the two children's views? What is their basis?

Viewpoint 1:

Based on:

Viewpoint 2:

Based on:

4. Question inquiry-What does "Confucius can't decide" mean?

My question is:

5. Emotional attitude-both children have made the mistake of judging the size of the sun through vision and touch. What can be done in life to avoid such mistakes?

My understanding:

Reference answer:

1.① debate; ② Distance; 3 thinking; 4 hot water; (5) Judges and judges; 6 preach "wisdom" and wisdom.

2. I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon; The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were so smart?"

3. think that the sunrise is close to people, and the Japanese are far away; Judging from the size of the shape, the near is big and the far is small. I think I stay away from the crowd at sunrise and approach the crowd at noon; Judging from the temperature, it is far cold and near hot.

4.① Explain Confucius' modest and pragmatic attitude of "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing"; (2) shows that the objective things are complex, even the wise don't know.

5. Look at the problem objectively and comprehensively (evaluate the people around you), with scientific (factual) basis, not just intuition.

3. Two children debate Japan (1) tourism reading answer: study tour, travel. (2) debate: debate, debate. (3) reason: reason, reason. (4) take: think. (5) walk: distance. (6) noon: noon. (7) Car cover: In ancient times, the roof of a car was round, like an umbrella. (8) and: to. (9) then: just. (10) bowls: bowls and plates used for eating. Plate: a round plate, jar: an ancient round-mouthed vessel used for eating and drinking. (1 1) Yes: Yes. (12) Pale and bright: describes the cool feeling. (13) soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. (14) ruling: ruling. (15) who: who, which. (16) ru: you.

On his way to study in the East, Confucius met two children arguing and asked them why. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people at sunrise and far from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first rises and close to people at noon. A child said, "The sun is as big as a hood at sunrise and as small as a bowl at noon. Isn't this the truth of being far small and near big? " Another child said, "when the sun first came out, it was cool and a little cold." At noon, it's as hot as putting your hand into hot water. Isn't this the truth that it is near hot and far cold? " Confucius can't decide who is right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?"

4. Two children argued to see the answer. Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children arguing. Ask why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

The beginning of a day is far away, and Japan and China are near.

A son said, "The morning is as big as a car cover, and the noon is like a bowl. Isn't this because the distance is small and the distance is big? "

Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "How much do you know about Zhihu?"

Translation:

Confucius went to the East to study and saw two children arguing on the way. Confucius asked them why they argued.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.

The previous child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a bowl at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? "

Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to be near hot and far hot? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?"

Are children "laughing" at Confucius?

People's Education Publishing House compiled a classical Chinese version of "The Day Two Children Debate" in primary school 1 1, and the final exam also gave a judgment question related to this classical Chinese. The original title was: "Two children smiled and said,' How much did you know about Zhihu?' Are the two children laughing at Confucius? () "When changing this judgment question, the teachers were divided into two groups because of disagreement. One group thinks it is right, and the other group thinks it is wrong. After a long period of tit-for-tat struggle, no one could convince the other side, and finally they had to "open the door." No matter whether the students judge right or wrong, they will not be deducted. Although the test paper has been revised in this way, I am still worried. How to give students an answer in such a vague way?

After reading a lot of reference books, there are various opinions. The eleventh volume of Chinese Teachers' Teaching Book (People's Education Publishing House) says: "Two children laughed and said,' Who is Zhihu?' It's a rhetorical question, and it should be clear here that the laughter of two children is not irony. "But" Words, Sentences and Sections "(Yanbian University Press) explains this: Two children laughed at Confucius and said," Who can say that you are a learned saint? "I studied the text and speculated the author's intention through repeated thinking, but I also thought there was no cynicism. The reason is:

First, ponder the text.

In the article, both children were younger at that time. From a psychological point of view, children's hearts are the purest and purest, and there are not so many distractions as adults. They can express their psychological thoughts without being insinuated like adults. Only in the eyes of children, they think that Confucius is a saint and a great scholar. He should know everything from astronomy to geography, which reflects the child's nature-innocence; At that time, the two children thought the question was simple. They think that according to their own life experience-the sun is big in the morning and small at noon, and how hot and cold the sun is in the morning and noon, we can judge how far it is from people. However, in the eyes of children, such a "simple" question is so difficult for Confucius that Confucius can't answer it, which makes him feel very strange. So, "the two children said with a smile,' who is smarter than you? "The two children smiled and said," Who says you know a lot? "That is to say, the two children smiled and said," You don't know much. "Where do they know that there is profound scientific truth? Under the backward social conditions at that time, Confucius could do nothing. Besides, knowledge is boundless, and even modern people can't fully explain all the phenomena around them, so we don't mean to laugh.

Second, research ideas.

Judging from the author's own intention to write this article, there should be no cynicism. As we all know, every article has its own purpose. The reason why this article can become a swan song is because the author wrote this article to explain to us that a man should be like Confucius-"knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing." At the same time, some people told us that "knowledge is boundless, and even a great sage like Confucius doesn't understand something, warning future generations to be modest and eager to learn." Meaning. In addition, Confucius was the founder of Confucianism, a thinker and educator in ancient China, and his main contribution was his great influence on China's traditional thought. From this perspective, it is understandable that Confucius couldn't answer scientific questions, and the author didn't write this article to laugh at him.

Third, reflect the humanities.

This sentence embodies human nature and Confucius' educational thought: "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also." At the same time, there is also a sense of regret, lamenting that knowledge is boundless and learning is endless. Confucius, as a great sage, can't answer them one by one, and he can't finish learning vast knowledge! What's more, ordinary people? Knowledge is endless, man. It's never too old to learn. 1. Because children are still young, some of them contain children's ridicule of Confucius.

2. The universe is infinite, and so is knowledge. No matter how knowledgeable people are, they will know something and learn endlessly.

5. Two children argued about the reading answer in Japan. Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children arguing and asked them why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon.

A son said, "The sunrise is as big as a car cover. And Japan and China are like plates. Isn't it that the far is small and the near is big? " Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "Upon hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children quarreling and asked them why they quarreled. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people at sunrise and far away from people at noon." "

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first rises and close to people at noon. A child said, "When the sun first came out and rose, it was as big as a hood."

At noon, it is as big as a disk. Isn't it far, small and close? "Another child said," it was cold when the sun first came out, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't it near hot and far cold? Confucius can't decide. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were well informed?" Word Definition (1) Debate: Debate, debate.

(2) reason: reason, reason. (3) take: think, think.

(4) Start: Just now, only (5) Go: Leave. (6) noon: noon.

(7) Car cover: In ancient times, the roof of a car was round, like an umbrella. And: here we are.

(9) then: just. (10) Spoon: a tool for holding objects.

(1 1) Yes: Yes. (12) warehouse cooling: it is cold on cloudy days and cool in weather.

(13) soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. It means it's very hot.

(14) ruling: ruling. (15) who: who, which.

(16) ru: you. (17) soup: hot water.

Tell us the truth: 1, different angles will lead to different conclusions. 2. The ancients dared to question boldly, and Confucius was indeed a saint: he dared to admit his ignorance.

It is difficult for a person who is highly praised. In such a situation, most people care about him to cover up their ignorance. The grace of a saint is indeed worthy of our eternal admiration and admiration.

6. Two children argue about Japanese classical Chinese and the original text of the test questions: Confucius traveled eastward, saw two children arguing (1), and asked why (2).

A son said, "I started from (3) the day I went out, (4) people were near, and Japanese and China were far away." Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A son said, "When the sun rises, it is as big as a hood (6), and when it rises at noon (7), (8) is like a vegetable bowl (9). This is not (10) which is smaller and which is closer? " A son said, "It's cool when the sun rises in the morning (1 1), just like exploring soup at noon (12). Isn't this near hot and far cold? " Confucius can't decide (13). The two children laughed and said, "Who is smarter than you (15)?" Note: (1) Debate: Debate, debate.

(2) reason: reason, reason. (3) take: think, think.

(4) Go: Leave. (5) noon: noon.

(6) Car cover: The canopy on ancient cars was umbrella-shaped. And: here we are.

(8) then: just. (9) jar: an open vessel for holding wine and food.

(10) Yes: Yes. (1 1) Cang Cang Liang: cold and cloudy, with cool weather.

(12) soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. It means it's very hot.

(13) judgment: ruling, judgment. (14) who: who, which.

(15) ru: you. Writing features: 1, the language is concise and everything is reasonable.

2. Be good at using metaphors. For example, when two children argue about the phenomenon of "the distance between the suns", they use two metaphors such as "like a car cover" and "like a plate cylinder" to explain the size of the sun in detail, and combine "the beginning of a day" and "Japan and China" to clarify the reasons for the conclusion; On the one hand, starting from the feeling, taking Tantang as a contrast, combining the Early of the Day and Japan-China, the reasons are also made clear.

Because the author is good at using metaphors, the language is vivid and convincing, which is easy to be understood and accepted by people. Confucius traveled to the East and saw two children arguing on the way.

Ask them what they are arguing about. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon. The previous child said, "When the sun first came out, it was as big as the roof of a car. At noon, it was as small as the mouth of a plate and bowl. Isn't it like this when you are far away? " Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. It's not hot when it's near, and it's not cold when it's far away? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were so smart?" Two children practice the basic knowledge of language and debate with Japan 1 at the same time, and beautiful writing can give people beautiful enjoyment. Please copy the following sentences correctly, normally and beautifully in the box.

A person's real knowledge lies in knowing what he knows and what he doesn't know. -The Analects of Confucius 2. Translate the following words and phrases.

① Confucius' trip to the East: ② Ask him the reason: ③ Although Japan and China are far away, they are also in Japan: ④ This is not for those who are far away, but for those who are near, and it is almost like this: ⑤ It is cool at the beginning of the day: 3. Add radicals to the following words to form new words, and then combine the words. 4. Translate sentences.

(1) The morning is as big as a car cover, while the day is like a dish. The two children said with a smile, who is Zhihu? 5. Idiom addition.

(1) () meticulous+() outside the cloud = () in a hurry; ② () Dumei+() ownerless = () dignified; ③ () Thinking and Action+() Taking the sea as home = () Being dispersed; 4 () long () short+() beautiful; 7. What inspiration did you get from the story of two children arguing about Japan? 8. Why can't Confucius answer the questions of two children? 9. Arrange the confused sentences and mark the correct serial number. There is a small poplar planted by my father and me in the yard.

() In the narrow yard, it was quiet, and there was no sound, only the sunshine filled the heart of the yard. Time flies.

One day, I suddenly found a strange phenomenon: my head is shorter than that seal. Huh? Why is my height upside down? My mother laughed at me when she saw it: "Silly child, how can you be longer than Baiyang?" () I come to see it every day, hoping it will grow up soon.

On it, I carved a path with a knife and ran to it every morning to see if I grew up. () oh! But I still want to grow up quickly, like an adult, go out and enter a world I have never seen before.

The correct order: 10, read the sentence. One day, a factory held a meeting, and the director read out the documents at the meeting.

There is a sentence in the document: "Cadres with college education and cadres without college education ..." When reading this sentence, the factory director read without thinking: "Monks with college education/cadres without college education ..." When the words came out, the whole audience laughed. The factory director said, "What are you laughing at?" Times are different, you have to have a college degree to become a monk! "The director's explanation made the audience laugh more happily. You must know how to pronounce this sentence.

Now, please modify this sentence (only one word is allowed) to make it clear during reading without misunderstanding. Read the following text synchronously in class and answer the question 1 1- 15.

Two children were arguing about Japanese Liezi, and Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children arguing. Ask why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon.

A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? Another child said, "The sun gets cold as soon as it comes out, and it is as hot as putting your hand into hot water at noon. Is this the reason why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" " ? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "1 1. Explain the following words.

(1) It's like exploring soup in Japan and China () (2) Who is Tathagata Zhihu () 12? The following two sentences are direct speech and indirect speech. Try to rewrite the first sentence as an indirect speech and the second sentence as a direct speech.

A son said, "I am close to people at sunrise, but I am far away in Japan." (2) A son begins with the sky, while Japan and China are near.

13, which sentence in the text shows the complexity of the argument between two children? 14. Use "/"to draw the reading pause of underlined sentences in the text. I've been close to people since the sun, but I've alienated people since I arrived in Japan.

15, combined with the content of the article, use the sentence pattern of "because ………………".

7. What will Confucius say when two children argue about Japan? When two children were arguing about Japan, Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children arguing.

Ask why. A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon. A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? Another child said, "The sun gets cold as soon as it comes out, and it is as hot as putting your hand into hot water at noon. Is this the reason why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" " ? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who is smarter than you? 15, "Debate between Two Sons" is selected from "_ _ _ _ _ _", and the academic viewpoints in the book belong to the _ _ _ _ _ _ school, with Confucius as the founder of _ _ _ _ _ _. (3 points) 16. Read the following words in bold (3 points) ① Pan Yu () ② Who is Youduozhi () () 17. Explain the bold type.

(3 points) Therefore: Go: Japan: Cang Cang: and: Tang: 18. Translate underlined sentences in modern Chinese. (6 points) ① Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children arguing.

(2) Confucius can't decide, (3) Who is Zhihu? 19. Explain the views of the two children in your own words. (3 points) Answer 20. The reasoning angles of the two children are: (2 points) Answer: The reading answers of the two children are compiled by the Chinese website of the dictionary for reference only: 15, Liezi Tang Wen, Daoru, 16, 1y 2súZH, 17, rationale, distance and so on. The other thinks that the sun is far away from people at sunrise and near people at noon. )

20. One is to look at the problem from the perspective of size (vision), and the other is to look at the problem from people's feeling (touch) of sunlight. The above are my collected reading answers for students' reference and study, aiming to make them better grasp the key contents of this article, inspire them and gain something.